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      "body": "There are few things as fresh as new snow or a new year.  This morning, halfway into the New Decade, I have both here in this small corner of the world.\n![mountains january.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcPDyrxCzSHaMoATQXdePNALGAUTnghEjfnVspiFFx4JU/mountains%20january.jpg)\n\nI'm strongly desiring to write a book this year.  If not write that oft pondered book, at least to write more.  That seems simple enough, but it always happens in the quiet of the morning before my mind has an entire day to ferment.  The to-do list I made last night before bed, not even twelve hours ago, is already half changed.  Some even just out the window.  Hey, I'll take it.  That means half is still there.\n\n\n2019, if we are all honest with ourselves, was a bit of a wound-licking year.  Even the fresh wounds we all got along the way that last twelve months.  For me, it's another hash mark in my log book of decades of decoding wounds and sorting out feelings and trying to overcome bitterness and resentment.  Those things really keep you from soaring.\n\n\nIt was also a year of letting go.  Of feelings.  Of beliefs.  Of negative thought patterns.  Of fears.  Of hate.  Of judgment.  Of people.  Ouch.  The people I had to let go last year I will spend this year grieving and forgiving again and again and again.  While that seems daunting and undesirable, I know it has to happen.  It has made and kept me sick physically and kept my family in sort of a rut.  I'm not proud of that, but at least the cat is out of the proverbial bag.\n\n\nI hope exploring and writing about the forgiveness journey is helpful to you or someone you know.  I'm not the first and certainly not the last to have to go through with it, endure it or heal.  We all have a story, though.  And every story deserves telling.  With your words, you never know who might need the encouragement.  With prayers, you have no idea what God can do.  With the act of forgiving, such a simple act, you can open your life up to a whole new perspective and blessings that would otherwise be blocked.  I've read enough books on the subject now to really want to give it a go.  Join me please!\n\n\nIn addition to this, the biggest focus for 2020, I have a few other goals.  Some more fun.  Others ridiculous.\n\n\n-To complete and improve on hand-stand-push-ups (this requires some gym time)\n\n\n-To break 18:30 in the 5k  (my PR currently at age 34 is 18:49)\n![BB5k 3.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRFqeWizf6eCquFoqpYBRANf2sKyvKzKpkFGVgXXZFniU/BB5k%203.jpg)\n\n-To run a full marathon again (not since my first daughter was born, so March 2012)\n\n\n-To get back into creative painting (acrylic mostly because oil and kids.......meh)\n\n\n-To have more fun, adventure more, make some new friends and let my daughters in on more of those fun runs, rock climbing adventures and active things I enjoy\n\n\n-OBVIOUSLY, the most important is to grow closer to GOD.  It's a struggle.  But like anything else, there is not time - time must be CARVED OUT.  First.\n\n\nHappy Monday.  Hope your day is blessed.",
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      "body": "Central Banking is something very commonplace in today’s society.  In fact, if you’re only transacting and paying taxes you might not even give a thought to what the involvement of a Central Bank means for you or your hard-earned money.  To get at the root of what Central Banks impose on We The People, let’s first address what money is, what a fiat currency is, and what fractional reserve lending is.  These are roots of the Central Bank tree. \n  \nMoney is a tool that serves as a medium of exchange in transactions. It is what most people trade time, energy and intellectual thought for.  Money is meant to act as a unit of account, a store of value, and a medium of exchange. The first two are nonessential properties that follow from the third.  In fact, other goods are often better than money at being intertemporal stores of value, since most monies degrade in value over time through inflation or the overthrow of governments.\nIn this five-part series, we intend to cover from the bottom to top what Central Banks are and how they work.  We’ll address the highlights and end the series with a solid set of references for you to dig deeper on your own.  When we cover the highlights, please realize that there is much more to this topic.  Men and women all across the world have written volumes and dedicated their lives to the subject matter at hand.  This should get you started in the right direction and at least lend a 30,000 foot view of the big picture. \nCentral Banking is a conundrum.  It is intertwined throughout humanity’s history as it has been lived, told, repeated, taught, forgotten and revisited.  \nA Central Bank is a national bank that provides financial and banking services for its own national government and commercial banking system.  The CB, as we’ll abbreviate, also implements monetary policy and serves to issue currency.  For all educational intents and purposes, it is easy to reference the Federal Reserve, the Central Bank of the United States.  This entity, riddled with folly, is an excellent case study in the difference between sovereignty and central power.  The Federal Reserve is anything but federal.  It is a private bank, and intended to remain independent of political interference.  Because all politics is money, this is an actuality that is difficult to achieve.\n \nThe Constitution specifically grants the power to create and coin money and to regulate its value.  Referencing Section 10, states do not reserve the right to coin or print their own money.  The framers of the Constitution intended to create a national monetary system based on coin (originally gold-backed upon inception), as well as for the power to print residing with federal government.  The delegates to the Constitutional Convention rejected granting Congress the power and authority to issue paper (fiat) money.  They also denied the paper money printing to the federal government.  As times changed, the case of McCulloch vs Maryland in 1819 ruled that the Second Bank of the United States and its bank notes issued on behalf of the federal government were, in fact, constitutional.  This trickled down over time to the state level, exposing how easy it had become to issue “good faith” notes far in excess of deposits.  Does that sound eerily familiar?\n \nThe Central Bank of the US has its roots openly exposed in a most profound and fundamental literary work by G. Edward Griffin entitled The Creature from Jekyll Island.  Crypto educator Jimmy Song reviewed the book in January, 2019 and summed it up well by stating, “That is how mafia works”.1  Highest recommendations should propel you, dear reader, to pick up this book.  It will open your eyes!\nBut WHO is in charge of Central Banks?\n  \nWhen money lent or printed exceeds deposits (it is astonishing how much of this goes on in all central banks worldwide), customers eventually want to redeem the notes or digits in a bank account for actual currency; purchase power if you will.  This is what is referred to as fractional reserve lending.  A bank only keeps a fraction of cash assets on hand versus what they might lend out.  If that fraction becomes too spall (specie/banknote ratio) then even a small unexpected draw on cash reserves can create a run on the bank.  This ultimately leaves the remaining depositors empty-handed when they try to withdraw their own share.  Does it make perfect since, then, why we have almost gone fully to digital and online banking?  Populating digits is much faster than awaiting the printing press.  The general public suffers for the pitfalls of fractional reserve lending by devaluation.  Dollar devaluation can mimic inflation at some level, but it is much more dangerous and more of a runaway problem.  \nThis brings up an interesting point as it pertains to the New Money System and the Digital industrial Revolution.  If we fail to ensure proper control and decentralization of cryptocurrency, we could easily revisit the era of Central Bank creation, fractional reserve lending, consolidation of wealth and centralization of control over interest, yield and supply.  If we are to create a free banking system without a single pinnacle currency to peg all other crypto assets to (enter Bitcoin), a means by which to create price discovery and valuation, the digital currency market would be overtly difficult to regulate and incite a much greater risk to consumers and merchants.  Moreover, without sloughing off the old way of doing things, we would see the same takeover of a New Money system just as in eons past.  \nOur Founding Fathers did warn us!  \nThomas Sowell believes that the Federal Reserve (CB) is a cancer.  He says “For most of the history of the country there was no central bank.  The Creature from Jekyll Island was created in 1913, long after early settlement and the Declaration of Independence in 1776.  In his words, he would ‘dismantle the central banks – banks which were supposed to prevent huge fluctuations in the money supply.’\nThe Mises Institute reminds us that JP Morgan locked central bankers in a room and those who emerged were in disbelief at the power of centralization, the ability of one man to dictate monetary policy.  That was in an era in which inflation was actually perpetrated by the FED.  [They] bought up bonds created by the treasury.  This alone caused deflation and large swings in the money supply.  It is also the very reason that today, in 2019, we have the greatest dissolution of the Middle Class in our history as a Nation.  Who is to blame?  Paul Volker?  Janet Yellen?  Jerome Powell?  Perhaps the above image of Central Banks and their Helm Masters is a handy reference.\nAccording to Ron Paul and FreedomWorks, the Central Bank is now fully out of control.  [They] have been unchecked for far too long on money printing, originally intended even in the early 1900s to be a contingency of last resort in the event of a war.  The Federal Reserve has far too much power after 116 years to control the national economy.  The engine of every economy is money-driven.  Now, the Fed is permitted to print endless currency out of nothing with no restrictions.  This is noticeable in the extension of credit now for nearly everyone.  Due to the law of supply and demand, this endless printing has completely devalued the Dollar.  \n \nBecause of endless printing, the poor and middle class suffer most.  The rich get richer.  The Central Banks increase the supply of credit and money infinitely and this is falsely masked as the rise in the price of goods and services.  Average home prices across the board are at record highs, basic necessities are obviously inflated, but what this truly represents is the abject devaluation of the dollar.  This is a very direct consequence and correlation.  Why do the poor suffer greatest?  Their simple lack of disposable income.  Lower incomes are at greater risk of becoming irrelevant at a much faster pace than mid-range or high incomes.  \nAn astounding fact is that not a single member of the Federal Reserve Board of Governors is duly elected.  They do not in any way represent the interest of the American people, but rather, their Central Bank bosses.  Currently, these folks in office are shown with their political affiliation in tow.  Seems odd, doesn’t it?2\nJerome Powell, Chairman of the Federal Reserve\nRichard Clarida, Vice Chairman\nRandal Quarles, Vice Chairman for Supervision\nLael Brainard\nMichelle Bowman\nNominee by POTUS Trump, not seated, Marvin Goodfriend\nNominee by POTUS Trump, not seated, Nellie Liang\nSince they are not representative of the People, the Federal Reserve is unaccountable.  To boot, they have resulted in an unstable economy.  We have never seen the stock market at soaring heights as we do today.  Instead of healthy and relatively predictable Austrian ebb and flow of the markets, we now experience endless Keynesian boom and bust cycles.  The booms consist of a barrage of low interest rates that harm savers and devalue purchase power of spenders by cranking up the printing presses.  The lower interest rate is supposed to aid in creating an endless supply of money to inject into the economy.  But as previously addressed, this simply sends misleading economic signals and triggers poorer individuals to spend without realizing any gains, without commensurate wage increase or improved valuation of their assets.  \nLow cost of credit also encourages CEOs to expand production and hiring rather than eliminating debts.  The expansion, like a beach ball, cannot remain hidden.  It eventually explodes above a sustainable level, busts the cycle and we experience massive wastes in capitol which then actually do effectively raise the cost of living since consumers must have those realized losses passed on to them.  This cycle perpetuates with credit shrinkage and less stimulus while folks and business have enjoyed expanding debt but must focus on repayment of that debt.  Spending stagnates, then diminishes, layoffs ensue and the conundrum begins again.  Evidently, this serves those at the absolute top of the financial food chain in that they are the only benefactors and are able to continually acquire much of the holdings and assets or properties of all the middle and lower class individuals.  This yo-yo bubble economic theory does nobody any good.  \n \nThe Central Banks of the world are very secretive with only inklings of events leaking from the IMF and a few top Central Bankers.  They know too well that loose lips sink ships.  Currently, they are steering the Titanic and Lusitania, metaphorically speaking.  The Federal Reserve is actually unconstitutional, but this is a point of contention among many. While Congress does have the authority to issue money, they do not have the power to create a Central Bank.  This is not an explicitly granted power.  Constitutional scholars agree, disagree and often manage to do both.  \nBehind the scenes, the Federal Reserve bails out Central Banks.  But to firmly grasp that, please go read The Creature from Jekyll Island!  JP Morgan was an original perpetrator of this system.  In fact, the bailouts do not always even wind up in domestic hands.  After the 2008 Financial Crisis, the banks receiving greatest settlements and write-offs were HSBC, Brussels Dexia SA, Depfa Bank of Dublin, the PBOC (Peoples’ Central Bank of China) and Arab Bank Corp. \nYou will never find that out just glancing at the 2011 GAO loose audit of the Federal Reserve.  \nWe are now witnessing something unfathomable in the United States and globally due to the interconnectedness of central banks.  It is as if the economies of the world are drunk with credit.  They have no hiccups, but keep printing, ordering more, lowering rates, eyeing negative interest rates, discouraging saving, hammering wealth into the upper echelon and starving out the middle class while the poor have only been crippled by destitution.  There is an explosion in homelessness, a demand for higher wages, shortening of work days, reduction of hours and benefits.  Student loan, subprime housing, subprime auto loans and an overwhelmingly drastic uptick in extension of credit lines to anyone with a pulse are just some of the schematics.  It seems the party will never stop.  Stay tuned to this blog for part 2, however.  We’ll be exploring much more aggressively what is happening to purchase power, debt, and what happens if the party ever does come to screeching halt.  The inevitability is a New Money System, but we must be very careful and very diligent, not just actively involved and engaged!\n\n\n \nREFERENCES: \n1.\thttps://youtu.be/sekusu5UGos \n2.\thttps://www.federalreserve.gov/aboutthefed.htm\n3.\thttps://anticorruptionsociety.com/2011/11/30/aaron-russo-explains-the-significance-of-the-federal-reserve/\n4.\thttps://freedomforceinternational.org/g-edward-griffin/",
      "title": "Central Banks – Financial Eco Cancer, Pt. 1",
      "author": "cdwyatt",
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      "body": "No doubt you have heard of hacks surrounding cryptocurrency exchanges and networks.  But which are vulnerable?  Where are the security holes?  How much digital currency has simply evaporated into the ether?  Let’s explore that!  Below is a list of more than thirty five hacks of note since the infamous Mt. Gox in 2011.\n\n \n\nYear\tMonth\tHack Locale\tAmount Stolen $ Value\n2011\tJune\tMt. Gox\t8.75 Million\n2011\nOctober\tBitcoin7\t50 K\n2012\nMarch\tBitcoinica\t228 K\n2012\tMay\tBitcoinica\t87 K\n2012\tJuly\tBitcoinica\t300 K\n2012\tSeptember\tBitfloor\t250 K\n2013\tMay\tVicurex\t160 K\n2013\tJune\tPicoStocks\t130 K\n2013\tNovember\tPicoStocks\t3 Million\n2014\tFebruary\tMt. Gox\t460 Million\n2014\tMarch\tCryptorush\t570 K\n2014\tMarch\tPoloniex\t64 K\n2014\tMarch\tBitcurex\tundetermined\n2014\tJuly\tCryptsy\t9.5 Million\n2014\tAugust\tBTER\t1.65\n2014\tOctober\tMintPal\t1.3 Million \n2014\tOctober\tKipCoin\t690 K\n2014\tDecember\tBitPay\t1.8 Million\n2015\tJanuary\t796Exchange\t230 K\n2015\tJanuary\tBitstamp\t5.2 Million\n2015\tApril\tBTER\t230 K\n2016\nMay\tShapeshift\t2.14 M\n2016\tAugust\tGatecoin\t77 Million\n2016\tOctober\tBitfinex\t1.5 Million\n2016\tFebruary\tBitcurex\t1 Million\n2017\tApril\tBithumb\t5.3 Million\n2017\tFebruary\tYouBit\t1 Million\n2017\tDecember\tYouBit\t17% of all assets\n2018\tJanuary\tCoincheck\t530 Million\n2018\tFebruary\tBitGrail\t187 Million\n2018\tMay\tBitcoinGold\t18 Million\n2018\tMay\tTaylor\t1.5 Million\n2018\tJune\tCoinrail\t40 Million\n2018\tJune \tGeth\t20 Million\n2018\tJuly \tBancor\t23.5 Million\n2018\tSeptember\tZaif\t60 Million\n2019\tJanuary\tCryptopia\t16 Million + 1675 ETH\n2019\tJune\tSynthetix\t37 Million sETH\n\n\n \nMt. Gox, the largest and most notable first-generation crypto exchange, was victim to the first (arguably most famous) cryptocurrency exchange hack. Following news of the heist, cryptocurrency pioneering leaders Jesse Powell and Roger Ver were called in to assist with the cleanup. Though the incident was significant enough to cause the value of bitcoin to plummet, Mt. Gox CEO Mark Karpeles didn’t seem to take the incident very seriously. Powell told Wired that Karpeles took the weekend off while the rest of the Mt. Gox team scrambled to bring the site back up.1\n  \nEnter Social Media.  In the case of Bitstamp in 2015, hackers used social engineering attacks to gain sensitive credentials of individual users, specifically employees of Bitstamp.  The credentials included date of birth, social security numbers, phone numbers, addresses, login identification, password and account addresses.  Skype and email was used to target Bitstamp employees, by appealing to their hobbies and interests and luring the employees to download malicious software, also known as phishing.\nBitcoin gold proved that 51% attacks can plunder an exchange.  Hackers simply use the 51% computing power to take control of a network.  The 51% attackers initiate changes to a ledger, says Blockchain security firm Ciphertrace.  The 51% attack uses weaknesses in POW (Proof of Work) algorithms.  \n \nThe Bancor theft in 2018 proved that decentralized exchanges are not immune to hacks. A security flaw was exploited in a wallet intended to update Bancor’s smart contracts. The scheme worked and the hackers pillaged millions. Following the hack, Bancor was forced to shut down. That was one of the most prestigious ICOs of 2017, having raised over $153 million in investments during its token sale.  The calendar year 2018 saw the greatest dollar valuation stolen in cryptocurrency.  At almost $1 Billion, the crypto space was decimated.  This was directly on the heels of the most exuberant fast-paced year of gains.  \n \nIn June this year, 2019, it is being reported that the largest ever exchange hack may have actually been generated from Russian viruses rather than having been perpetrated by North Korea.  The Coincheck breach and loss of over 500 million NEM tokens may have been penetrated in fact by Makes and NetWire malware.  These malware allow malicious criminals to gain access to operating systems and remotely manipulate them.  Group-IB earlier alleged a cybersecurity hack by North Koreans.  However, under closer analysis, it appears that the hack is in fact an action by Russian and Eastern European cyber criminals.4\nAs of this publication, there is a new hack, one still being investigated and very deserving of scrutiny.  In May of 2019, Binance, the exchange hosting its very own BNB token, was hacked.  The thieves made off with at least 7,000 Bitcoin.  Translation?  $40 Million at the time.  “The hackers had the patience to wait, and execute well-orchestrated actions through multiple seemingly independent accounts at the most opportune time,” according to the post, written by Zhao Changpeng, Binance’s chief executive officer. “We must conduct a thorough security review. The security review will include all parts of our systems and data.”3 This has been denied (May 7th, 2019) and Binance has been quite defensive, assuring its customers of safe funds.  Oddly, as of June 2019, Binance is going to ban all U.S. participants.  That alone could be seen as a very telling sign.  Perhaps there is a lack of AML participation and perhaps that has reason.  Time, as we know, will tell.8\nSynthetix was most recently attacked on June 24, 2019.  It is a synthetic asset issuance platform built on Ethereum.  The oracle attack involved a compromised 37 Million sETH.  The true USD value is difficult to calculate both due to arbitrage bot trading and issuance as well as to the relative illiquidity of sETH.  CEO of Synthetix, Kain Warwick, is facilitating limited information sharing at this time.  From the Block Crypto, an earlier publication in June made it clear that while Synthetix was experiencing heightened popularity, the value of synthetic products still are difficult to value.  This is risky for holders to begin with.  We will keep an eye out as the story unfolds.9\n \nSo how do these hacks actually happen?  Largely, they are data security breaches that go unnoticed or enter systems with already sloppy security practices.  Some dangerous habits that preempt hacks include the storage of all assets in a third party exchange, either centralized or decentralized.  As the adage goes, if you don’t hold your private keys your assets are not secure.  Another indicator of risk to users is low or nonexistent two factor authentication, the misuse or absence of multiple signatures.  Additionally, leaving assets in a hot wallet, which means storing crypto in a simple wallet connected to the internet (yes, even Jaxx or Cobinhood) is dangerous.  There are no guarantees.  The best practice for cryptocurrency users is to store assets on a ledger, trezor, keepkey or somehow in cold offline storage.  This generally requires private keys, a seed code, a ledger, and a PIN.  Be wise!  Keep your assets safe!\n \nREFERENCES:\n1.\thttps://coiniq.com/cryptocurrency-exchange-hacks/\n2.\thttps://www.wired.com/2014/03/bitcoin-exchange/  (How Could Mt. Gox Happen TWICE?!)\n3.\thttps://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/crypto-exchange-giant-binance-reports-a-hack-of-7-000-bitcoin \n4.\thttps://www.cncryptonews.com/russian-hackers-may-have-carried-out-largest-ever-crypto-exchange-theft/\n5.\thttps://www.group-ib.com/\n6.\tWhat is Malware and Why is it Used? https://www.howtogeek.com/183642/who-is-making-all-this-malware-and-why/ \n7.\thttps://ciphertrace.com/\n8.\thttps://www.tronweekly.com/binance-hack/ \n9.\thttps://www.theblockcrypto.com/tiny/synthetix-suffers-oracle-attack-potentially-looting-37-million-synthetic-ether/",
      "title": "Profiling the Security Holes of Cryptocurrency Exchanges and Lost Billion$",
      "author": "cdwyatt",
      "permlink": "profiling-the-security-holes-of-cryptocurrency-exchanges-and-lost-billionusd",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"hacks\",\"exchanges\",\"finance\",\"loss\",\"security\"],\"links\":[\"https://coiniq.com/cryptocurrency-exchange-hacks/\",\"https://www.wired.com/2014/03/bitcoin-exchange/\",\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-05-08/crypto-exchange-giant-binance-reports-a-hack-of-7-000-bitcoin\",\"https://www.cncryptonews.com/russian-hackers-may-have-carried-out-largest-ever-crypto-exchange-theft/\",\"https://www.group-ib.com/\",\"https://www.howtogeek.com/183642/who-is-making-all-this-malware-and-why/\",\"https://ciphertrace.com/\",\"https://www.tronweekly.com/binance-hack/\",\"https://www.theblockcrypto.com/tiny/synthetix-suffers-oracle-attack-potentially-looting-37-million-synthetic-ether/\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
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      "body": "Beautifully written.  I concur one hundred percent.  Educating others organically is how we make this revolution solid.",
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      "body": "Congratulations @cdwyatt! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@cdwyatt/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@cdwyatt) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=cdwyatt)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/japanese/@steemitboard/new-japanese-speaking-community-steem-meetup-badge\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRWbAjbeETEaqSPLcpwYX1JN5pZhdPffv4q6DaBs6xvZm/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/japanese/@steemitboard/new-japanese-speaking-community-steem-meetup-badge\">New  japanese speaking community Steem Meetup badge</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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