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      "body": "![ \"1_KiTf6FgYwDroraA8yM3uvw.png\"](https://images.hive.blog/DQmaezu4HfkBzxAEn1QJLqxLALHABbhvwxUoU7s7QapbyeY/1_KiTf6FgYwDroraA8yM3uvw.png)\n In brief:\n\n- _How it all started._\n- _The pitch that led to Metamask._\n- _Consensys and Metamask._\n- _How revenue is generated._\n- _Problems that are yet to be solved._\n- _The future of DeFi and Metamask._\n\n## **It did not begin in a single place nor at a single period in time**\n\nLong before the debut of **Ethereum**, the first builders and co-founders met in late November 2014 in Berlin to describe their work and plans for the future of Ethereum at a meetup called **Devcon 0.**\n\nBy this point, approximately a year after Buterin wrote the original Ethereum whitepaper, The Ethereum team had reached a **fundamental** decision: it would be a **non-profit** venture.\n\nThat decision, led by **Buterin**, had splintered the leadership team and sent many members off to look for opportunities abroad.\nDespite remaining close to Buterin, **Joseph Lubin** was among many who began to look beyond the initiative and onto larger economic opportunities.\n\nJoseph Lubin, Vitalik Buterin, Anthony Di Iorio, and two other developers, Gavin Wood and Charles Hoskinson, met 11 months ago at a beach house in Miami.\nThey were there to attend the **North American Bitcoin Conference** and discuss Ethereum.\n\nDuring that stay in Miami, Lubin secured his presence at the vanguard of the Ethereum revolution and established himself as the commercially-minded counterbalance to Buterin’s humanitarian and emotional core.\n\nThis will prove crucial as around the time of **Devcon 0.** He had launched a new company called **ConsenSys**.\nThe firm was created to find and fund Ethereum-based businesses, assisting in the network’s adoption and delivering its benefits to large numbers of inexperienced customers and businesses.\n\n## **The conference room pitch, MetaMask origins**\n\nUnbeknownst to Lubin, in one of the conferences side rooms, Joel Dietz sat down with Buterin and pitched a precursor to Metamask.\n\nDietz argued he should receive one of the recently announced Ethereum Developer Grants and create a JavaScript-based crypto browser.\n\nButerin did not require much persuasion because Dietz had already established a notable presence in the ecosystem. Buterin even suggested a name for it: **Vapor**.\n\nFortunately for Dietz, finding developers to build projects with was not difficult because the only users of Ethereum at this point were, well, other developers. Not long after the talk with Buterin, a team forms with Joel Dietz, Aaron “Kumavis” Davis and Martin Becze.\n\nThe group quickly made an effort to get entry into **Y Combinator**, the organization that has supported so many unicorns, to raise money.\n\nYou can watch Becze, Dietz, and Kumavis describe exactly what they are attempting to construct in an application video that is still available on YouTube.\n\nSince it did not have the same connotations as it does today, the term “wallet” is not used once in the one-minute short. The team characterizes their project as combining “the browser with the blockchain” instead.\n\n > “Unfortunately, we’ve decided not to fund Vapor.\nWe were impressed by the three of you and the demo we saw, but we weren’t convinced that this would grow large among mainstream users.”\n— Trevor Blackwell, partner at YCombinator\n\nAlthough hindsight is always 20/20, YCombinators’ choice at the time was not unusual. Only a handful that dared to put themselves through the horrific user experience that was cryptocurrency back then saw its massive potential.\n\n## **ConsenSys and Metamask**\n\n > _Eventually, Vapor died._\n\nKumavis left the project, citing his co-founders’ lack of effort as the reason. He removed them from Vapor’s Github, Slack and eventually renamed the repositories to “**MetaMask**”.\n\nDietz allegedly never received the Ethereum Developer Grants to build Vapor, but Kumavis applied for another grant at the Ethereum Foundation to build Metamask and received $30,000 to support his work.\n\nFor a period of time, Kumavis worked alone until he decided to take the project to **ConsenSys**. There, MetaMask emerged with its future defined by Kumavis, Dan Finlay, and Joe Lubin.\n\nMetaMask became the baby of ConsenSys, a never-ending project built by developers for developers. Understanding the context, it makes sense why MetaMask is a scary tool for new users.\n\nTo fast forward, ConsenSys was hit pretty badly after the euphoric rise in prices back in 2017, and they had to fire many of their staff to survive.\n\nEthereum dropped from roughly $1,400 to $84, yet MetaMask survived the entire turmoil, demonstrating that it had already established itself as a key element of infrastructure.\n\nConsenSys eventually narrowed its focus, and “ConsenSys Software” would compile the organization’s top technology resources into a more understandable product.\n\nWith this newly discovered clarity, MetaMask will become a true priority when its traction surges in 2021, elevating it to the position of one of the most widely used blockchain applications worldwide.\n\n## **Monetization**\n\nAs consumers of social media, we use free applications on a daily basis. Facebook, Instagram and TikTok all work because their primary source of revenue is ad money. When you stop and think about it, the entire world of traditional Fintech runs on ad money.\n\nIn DeFi something like this is not possible. So how does a free wallet in the form of a web browser extension produce revenue?\n\nThe “**Swaps**” feature was introduced by the team in October of 2020.\n\nUsers can exchange currencies through swaps, and MetaMask will carry out the transaction on a different exchange. The average CEX would charge you in the range of 0.05–0.1 percent for this type of exchange, yet MetaMask charges a massive 0.875 percent fee for this service.\n\nDespite the significant variation in costs, the success in monetizing swaps has been of comparable size.\n\nAs DeFi exploded in 2021, Metamask reported revenue of $200 million in the same year. In comparison, DeFi staples like Sushi only made $70 million within the same time span.\n\n![](https://miro.medium.com/max/1400/0*uUfjTPpxkO0DLZia.png)There were reportedly 31 million users of crypto wallets three years ago; today, there are around 80 million.\n\nIt’s important to note that MetaMask’s customer acquisition cost is basically null. **Zero**. Since Metamask has no token incentives or emissions, their revenue is essentially **cost-free**. Their profit margins are very near 100%.\n\nOverall, MetaMask deserves a lot of praise for managing to survive and profit from the hyper-drive of 2021. But to maintain its position as the leader, it must change to meet new obstacles.\n\n## **Obstacles and challenges of the future**\n\nImagine being delivered a box of LEGOs. You have to open up the box and assemble your own LEGO piece before you can have some fun and really understand what’s going on.\nThe same goes for your first time using MetaMask, it takes time to use the application with some confidence and ease.\n\nFor some of us at Faculty, it took weeks or months before we became confident in using decentralized wallets. Even today, new chains pop up where you have to learn which bridge to use at what chain so you don’t lose your funds.\n\nBlockchain, DeFi and MetaMask use a ton of terminologies many are still not used to. Terms like tokens, approvals, staking, networks, chain, multi-chain, gas, DEX, CEX etc.\n\nAre you able to explain to your parents what the difference is between a network, account and a wallet in DeFi? Probably not.\n\n > _Every day, someone new falls victim to paying hundreds of dollars on a TX fee simply because they chose the wrong time to send some tokens across Ethereum._\n\nNot to mention all the wallets being drained simply because approval has been left open on some code on some app that has not been audited. This makes DeFi and extension, MetaMask, feel like the **wilder west** of the wild west that is crypto itself.\n\n**In conclusion**, MetaMask’s greatest weakness is that it isn’t user-friendly, and it does not offer an intuitive experience. But then again, it’s not its fault, that’s just how DeFi in its current state is.\n\n## **Onboarding the next 100 million users**\n\nMetaMask historically focused on developers. ConsenSys’ strategy for attracting users is to help developers build more dApps, attracting more users along with a handful of new developers.\n\nThis process then repeats with the new wave of developers.\n\nBearing this context in mind, and because of how MetaMask hasn’t changed in five years, makes it a good thing for the conservative mindset most institutions are in. This makes them much better positioned when it comes to forming regulatory compliance between TradFi and DeFi.\n\n > “I’m a believer in Metamask as a developer tool.”\n— Mike Demarais\n\nMetaMask doesn’t care, nor does it have the need to catch new waves coming into crypto. It has already established itself as the most popular option.\n\nUsers don’t download MetaMask to use MetaMask, they download it to use dApps that are integrated with it. Indirectly making the wallet even more popular.\nIn this logic, any future wallet that manages to onboard the next 100 million users with a user-friendly and intuitive interface will have to be integrated with MetaMask and any technology ConsenSys has to offer.\n\n > _MetaMask isn’t beautiful, but it works._\n\nAlthough MetaMask might not be able to snag every fresh wave of users entering the crypto space, it has positioned itself so that it won’t necessarily have to.\n\nIn a future with increased competition, adoption, demand across networks, and use cases, MetaMask is here to stay.\n\n This article is originally from [Medium ](https://medium.com/@Faculty.group/metamask-and-its-meteoric-rise-to-defis-number-1-wallet-65c0e7999f04)by [Faculty Group](https://www.faculty.group/)",
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      "body": "![tokamak header 9 copy (1).png](https://images.hive.blog/DQmZxDYfKJsPQ8RBHMP96oitG4PBJdTx14HaMm7vbdsqvqd/tokamak%20header%209%20copy%20(1).png)\n\nThe Ethereum blockchain is increasingly becoming the protocol of choice in the development of decentralised applications. Its groundbreaking features such as Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), smart contract capability and solidity programming language make it a more suitable alternative for building layer 2 applications. In terms of its usability, the Ethereum blockchain is comparable to the Swiss knife as it packs multiple functionalities within a single network.\n\nThis versatility has made the Ethereum blockchain a multi-faceted protocol with various use cases ranging from financial applications, gaming platforms, decentralised exchanges and governance hubs etc. The network has seen niche applications mushroom and gradually grow into multi-billion-dollar economic sectors like DeFi.\n\nThe increased on-chain activity, especially from the DeFi space has exposed the limitations of the Ethereum blockchain making its comparison with a Swiss knife quite accurate. The same way the multipurpose tool can perform multiple tasks, albeit with limited functionality, is the same manner that Ethereum performs when burdened with numerous layer 2 applications.\n\n**ETH 2.0 and competing scalability solutions**\n\nThe Ethereum developer community is working on a solution to expand the network’s capacity, improve its performance and effectively end the scalability problem. The solution, named ETH 2.0 is being implemented in multiple phases with the initial one just adopted in November. The complete upgrade is estimated to take about 5-6 years.\n\nThis is quite a protracted period, especially considering the fast-paced development of new Dapps on Ethereum. Simply put, it is not feasible to wait that long as new use cases emerge and various projects are keen on building Dapps on the network. But, the protocol currently lacks the capacity to host all these layer 2 applications.\n\nThe Ethereum community has taken the initiative to develop alternative solutions that can help the network scale whilst improving efficiency and security. Various projects are pursuing different potential solutions like plasm, state channels, side chains and rollups among others. With each project racing to become the first to deliver a viable solution, the search for layer 2 scaling solutions has turned into a ‘war’.\n\nCompeting teams have often criticised and poked holes into their rivals’ solutions and questioned their sustainability. Though these checks are ultimately beneficial to the network, the intense rivalry and aggressive competition could be detrimental to the community and adversely affect development. \n\n**Tokamak Network focused on collaboration not competition**\n\nThe Tokamak Network team led by CEO Kevin Jeong understands the need for cooperation in the quest for a lasting solution to Ethereum’s shortcomings. Jeong has made public Tokamak’s dedication to establishing a platform where different projects and teams can come together and work towards the common goal of improving Ethereum in readiness for its widespread adoption.\nHe reiterated this vision during Korea Blockchain Week 2020, a place where blockchain leaders from different fields of expertise gather to share knowledge and discuss challenges surrounding the blockchain industry.\n\nJeong explained the reason behind the rebrand to an on-demand layer 2 platform. The Tokamak Network CEO highlighted the dilemma that developers face in selecting the appropriate layer 2 protocol on which to build their application. Accordingly, each of the existing platforms has its core strengths and value proposition that stands out from the rest.\n\nFor instance, StarkWare has better scalability with zk proofs, Optimism offers better composability, Aztec is more suitable for projects seeking strong privacy and zkSync has better smart contract functionality.\n\nSince each of these protocols is independent, developers will need to buy the native tokens to access the platform and maintain their application there. They have to repeat this process and build afresh whenever they want to incorporate a feature from any of these varying architectures. \n\nThis a laborious and quite hectic process that may put off some organisations interested in adopting blockchain technology by building Ethereum-based Dapps. \n\nIn this respect, Jeong outlined the plans to aggregate all these solutions under one on-demand platform.\nTokamak on-demand layer 2 platform\n\nUnder this recently announced plan, the Tokamak Network will serve as the aggregator and its native currency, TON, powering the ecosystem economy. Tokamak Network has a unique feature that makes it an ideal aggregator. It is the first Turing complete layer 2 plasma protocol. This means that each plasma chain created on the Tokamak Network has similar functionality as the Ethereum main chain. Therefore, other layer 2 applications, Dapps and smart contracts can be transferred across in a seamless manner.\n\nInterested developers, projects and organisations will be able to access all these alternative layer 2 solutions on Tokamak Network easily and conveniently. Most importantly, users will not be required to purchase the tokens for each protocol to access it. Rather, all these native tokens will be integrated in the Tokamak token economy meaning users will only need to buy TON to access any tool and resource on the platform.\n\nThe aggregation of all these solutions under the Tokamak protocol will also save developers time, efforts, and resources presently needed to build Dapps on each of these layer 2 networks. Developers will be able to access the preferred features, on-demand and easily integrate them in their application. \n\n**Conclusion**\nTokamak will accelerate the development of new Dapps on the Ethereum blockchain by providing easy access to the tools and resources needed in the process. By acting as an aggregator, Tokamak will encourage collaboration among competing projects which will help drive the network’s progress forward. The Ethereum community will achieve more through cooperation with different players contributing to the improvement of the network in readiness to its eventual mass adoption globally. \n\nThis article was first published on LiveBitcoinNews; https://www.livebitcoinnews.com/accelerating-the-creation-of-ethereum-dapps-with-tokamak-network-on-demand-platform/\n\n^ I'm the Author of this article and syndicated this to Hive for more Exposure",
      "title": "Accelerating the creation of Ethereum Dapps with Tokamak Network On-Demand Platform",
      "author": "joetron",
      "permlink": "accelerating-the-creation-of-ethereum-dapps-with-tokamak-network-on-demand-platform",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"tokamak\",\"ethereum\",\"blockchain\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"layer2\"],\"image\":[\"https://images.hive.blog/DQmZxDYfKJsPQ8RBHMP96oitG4PBJdTx14HaMm7vbdsqvqd/tokamak%20header%209%20copy%20(1).png\"],\"links\":[\"https://www.livebitcoinnews.com/accelerating-the-creation-of-ethereum-dapps-with-tokamak-network-on-demand-platform/\"],\"app\":\"hiveblog/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
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