{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "therealwolf",
      "memo": "Hey there nuls. I hope you don’t mind this short message, but I wanted to quickly share this update with you on my Hive-related work. For the past 7 years, I've been deeply committed to Hive, working on projects like hive.io, vessel, dhive & more to strengthen our community, while providing reliable witness infrastructure to secure our blockchain. Recently, I've released an upgraded witness toolkit (peakd.com/@therealwolf/major-hive-witness-essentials-upgrade-v2) and celebrated 7+ years on Hive (peakd.com/@therealwolf/year-8). If you'd like to support my work, I'd be honored to have your witness vote. Thank you! PS: You can vote for me here: peakd.com/witnesses",
      "amount": "0.002 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 90682551,
  "trx_id": "891c700771c3d190ccc06cbc119a6af204a6497c",
  "op_in_trx": 6,
  "timestamp": "2024-11-14T16:12:30",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 17
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "howo",
      "memo": "Hey @nuls I am launching a new solo witness and am looking for support. If you are unfamiliar with what I do, I wrote a post announcing my witness here: https://peakd.com/witness/@howo/annoucing-my-solo-witness. The tl;dr is that I've been on Hive for 6 years and for the past 4 I've been working as a core developer meaning I'm working directly on the blockchain code to add features. You might have interacted with some of them already like RC delegations, recurrent transfers or more recently I've been working on updating communities (new update soon !). If you want to support me, could you vote for me as a witness ? You can do it on this page https://peakd.com/me/witnesses. Thank you !",
      "amount": "0.002 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 80622784,
  "trx_id": "215084f206b2620b22987e868c9a7308226ca1ac",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-11-30T19:30:33",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 38
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "earn.hive",
      "memo": "Did you know that you can get rewarded for your witness vote? Cast your witness vote on @earn.hive and start to receive HIVE tokens everyday.",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 74381849,
  "trx_id": "05257f57462e3a46cc35f2cef3563d957826786f",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-04-27T20:25:54",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 11
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "howo",
      "memo": "Hi ! I've been a core developer on hive for three years now, working on features that are now powering the chain and improving user experience like RC delegations or recurrent transfers and currently wrapping up some features that will go live in hard fork 27. I'm also hosting the monthly core dev meeting. I would like to carry on working for hive for a fourth year. I am looking for support on my renewed proposal as the current one will expire soon. It's the same deal as the last one. Could you review it and maybe vote on it if it's worth your support ? https://peakd.com/me/proposals/261 Thanks a lot !",
      "amount": "0.001 HBD"
    }
  ],
  "block": 74233388,
  "trx_id": "509ab2a923b3baa2aad671de3963fc1850b89607",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2023-04-22T16:34:00",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 36
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "howo",
      "memo": "Hi, I have been working for the past two years as a core developer on hive. I worked on a lot of things last year some which went live in hard fork 25 already or will go live soon with hard fork 26. To name a few, RC delegations, recurrent transfers or communities V2. I would love to continue working on hive for a third year on the next hard fork, communities and everything else. I am looking for support on my renewed proposal as the current one will expire soon. Could you review it and maybe vote on it if it's worth your support ? https://peakd.com/me/proposals/214 Thanks a lot !",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 63350938,
  "trx_id": "608950bc2a0414cf7c9e4634849e540202765598",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-04-09T03:38:39",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 26
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "tipu",
      "memo": "@tipU investor payout - check out https://tipu.online/hive for detailed info - thank you!",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 46435038,
  "trx_id": "60fa309fb6842be70aa0816e7ffd3fdef5384be4",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-08-28T08:54:45",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 25
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "engrave",
      "memo": "I've noticed you have a recovery account set to @steem, which is not secure anymore. Review your recovery account if you don't want to lose your tokens! Read more: https://peakd.com/witness-update/@engrave/review-your-recovery-account-if-you-dont-want-to-lose-your-assets",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 42276500,
  "trx_id": "c07ad2352515d1f1157da7fe11ef0c1248aece87",
  "op_in_trx": 70,
  "timestamp": "2020-04-05T13:44:15",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 0
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "tipu",
      "memo": "@tipU investor payout - check out https://tipu.online/hive for detailed info - thank you!",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 42058358,
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-28T23:10:03",
  "virtual_op": false,
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}

{
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  ],
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}

{
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  ],
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{
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{
  "op": [
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      "author": "nuls",
      "payout": "0.032 HBD",
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry",
      "author_rewards": 66,
      "total_payout_value": "0.016 HBD",
      "curator_payout_value": "0.016 HBD",
      "beneficiary_payout_value": "0.000 HBD"
    }
  ],
  "block": 42011584,
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{
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      "author": "nuls",
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry",
      "hbd_payout": "0.008 HBD",
      "hive_payout": "0.000 HIVE",
      "vesting_payout": "64.599568 VESTS",
      "payout_must_be_claimed": true,
      "curators_vesting_payout": "125.284011 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "block": 42011584,
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{
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{
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{
  "op": [
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      "permlink": "two-days-left-to-swap-your-nuls-erc20-tokens"
    }
  ],
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{
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{
  "op": [
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      "author": "nuls",
      "payout": "0.060 HBD",
      "permlink": "excellent-ama-nuls-western-regional-director-answered-so-many-questions-about-nuls",
      "author_rewards": 152,
      "total_payout_value": "0.030 HBD",
      "curator_payout_value": "0.030 HBD",
      "beneficiary_payout_value": "0.000 HBD"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41984433,
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{
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      "author": "nuls",
      "permlink": "excellent-ama-nuls-western-regional-director-answered-so-many-questions-about-nuls",
      "hbd_payout": "0.015 HBD",
      "hive_payout": "0.000 HIVE",
      "vesting_payout": "148.784922 VESTS",
      "payout_must_be_claimed": true,
      "curators_vesting_payout": "293.654451 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41984433,
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  "timestamp": "2020-03-26T09:15:15",
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{
  "op": [
    "effective_comment_vote",
    {
      "voter": "joklahoma",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 5572,
      "rshares": 11530784403,
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry",
      "pending_payout": "0.021 HBD",
      "total_vote_weight": 71307
    }
  ],
  "block": 41816592,
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  "op_in_trx": 1,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T12:11:51",
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}

{
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "joklahoma",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 2500,
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry"
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  ],
  "block": 41816592,
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T12:11:51",
  "virtual_op": false,
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}

{
  "op": [
    "effective_comment_vote",
    {
      "voter": "kaminchan",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 12539,
      "rshares": 25832141154,
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      "pending_payout": "0.020 HBD",
      "total_vote_weight": 65735
    }
  ],
  "block": 41816490,
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  "op_in_trx": 1,
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{
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "kaminchan",
      "author": "nuls",
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      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41816490,
  "trx_id": "61707720fbe94ab37d7a06f7fa6bbb33090b3ae9",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T12:06:45",
  "virtual_op": false,
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}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "raise-me-up",
      "memo": "Now more than 45,000+ Followers! Promote your new post with the biggest resteem service @raise-me-up. Send 1 SBD/1.5 STEEM or more. Invest in your account to succeed! Find new friends/voters who will vote your posts daily. Put post's url in memo and @raise-me-up will resteem your post + 100% upvote. Weekly subscribe 6 SBD or 8 STEEM. 365 days Active.[Return 'stop' as memo if you don't want to receive message like this.]",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41814588,
  "trx_id": "40e0d11d9401bf6f5df46a7a584572ce782dcd18",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T10:31:27",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 12
}

{
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "to": "nuls",
      "from": "obaku",
      "memo": "This is small gift from me. Share your post with more than 14.000+ followers and get 50+ upvote from me and my followers. The price is 0.7 SBD / 0.8 STEEM. ",
      "amount": "0.001 HIVE"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41814587,
  "trx_id": "40c28ce3c46bfe7f40a0994fc02423f9e095b9e5",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T10:31:24",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 16
}

{
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "body": "https://i.imgur.com/CBqCEo5.png<br><br>Join the community in our migration to Hive, a community built blockchain for the community.  All Steem account holders will receive equivalent stake on the new Hive blockchain.<br><br>Please [follow @innerhive on twitter](https://twitter.com/innerhive) for more information.",
      "title": "",
      "author": "innerhive",
      "permlink": "innerhive-re-nulsthe-first-quarter-contributors-selection",
      "json_metadata": "",
      "parent_author": "nuls",
      "parent_permlink": "the-first-quarter-contributors-selection"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41812919,
  "trx_id": "4124643168cf90fd2e7361b90b3e3314c7008087",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T09:07:45",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 22
}

{
  "op": [
    "effective_comment_vote",
    {
      "voter": "innerhive",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 0,
      "rshares": 47941811,
      "permlink": "the-first-quarter-contributors-selection",
      "pending_payout": "0.000 HBD",
      "total_vote_weight": 23
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  ],
  "block": 41812919,
  "trx_id": "75d26d2f005e352eb946c26608c4963a917a0f5d",
  "op_in_trx": 1,
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  "virtual_op": true,
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}

{
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "innerhive",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 1,
      "permlink": "the-first-quarter-contributors-selection"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41812919,
  "trx_id": "75d26d2f005e352eb946c26608c4963a917a0f5d",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T09:07:45",
  "virtual_op": false,
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}

{
  "op": [
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    {
      "body": "![微信图片_20200320162609.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbpBen4mxkWKskxfugEkCAdA3BwgUSxVArbpDFWDBCu9G/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20200320162609.png)\n\nYou have worked alongside NULS for one year, we are now entering another year of our cooperation. Even as the market witnessed a significant drawback, you have always believed in the NULS community. The selection of contributors for NULS in the first quarter of 2020 has officially began.\n\nThe quarterly community contributor selection is a traditional activity for the community and has been a reoccurrence since the establishment of NULS.\n\nThe significance of the selection is in the importance this will have for our future. We are grateful to every community member who has contributed to NULS. We look forward to the contributions made by community members in support of NULS.\n\nIn the first quarter of 2020, whether it is a virus or a race against the market, the NULS community is fearless. In the past quarter, the NULS ecosystem and community grew. \n\nThis is the result of joint efforts with the NULS team and community. The quarterly contributors will generate no more than 5 quarterly contributors through a voting process. These contributors will be formally announced to the community once chosen.\n\nSelection rules and rewards:\n\nSelection Rules\n1. All NULS community members\n(Except for core team members, NTC members and ambassadors);\n\n2. Members who have relatively outstanding contribution in the selection quarter. Which include: content (article / video / picture), community building (community / forum /), activities (offline participation or organization / online participation or organization), promotion (cooperation / publication), etc.;\n\n3. Quarterly Contribution Awards are selected once a quarter, and are self-selected or recommended by community members, and  voted on the community;\n\n4. All relevant members, please submit the application forms in the following link （https://jinshuju.net/f/YA3KLv）, by the deadline of March 31st, 2020.\n\n5. Self-selected based on a recommendation, please describe the events in the first quarter, no less than 200 words;\n\n6. The final vote produced no more than 5 quarterly contributors.\n\n7. From the beginning of nominations, the community proposes and discusses the main plan. After the nomination period, voting starts after March 31st.\n\nReward\n\n1.The reward for NULS community quarterly contribution derives from community funds;\n\n2.The outstanding contributors that are voted on will receive 100 NULS rewards;\n\n                                                                                     \n\n—Join our social media and explore NULS!\n●Twitter Follow now: https://twitter.com/Nuls\n●Reddit Subscribe now: https://www.reddit.com/r/nulsservice/\n●Telegram Join now: https://t.me/Nulsio\n●Facebook Subscribe now: https://www.facebook.com/nulscommunity",
      "title": "The First Quarter Contributors Selection",
      "author": "nuls",
      "permlink": "the-first-quarter-contributors-selection",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blockchain\",\"digitalasset\",\"crypto\",\"cryptocurrency\",\"btc\",\"eth\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbpBen4mxkWKskxfugEkCAdA3BwgUSxVArbpDFWDBCu9G/%E5%BE%AE%E4%BF%A1%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87_20200320162609.png\"],\"links\":[\"https://jinshuju.net/f/YA3KLv）\",\"https://twitter.com/Nuls\",\"https://www.reddit.com/r/nulsservice/\",\"https://t.me/Nulsio\",\"https://www.facebook.com/nulscommunity\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.2\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "blockchain"
    }
  ],
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T09:07:39",
  "virtual_op": false,
  "trx_in_block": 11
}

{
  "op": [
    "effective_comment_vote",
    {
      "voter": "shares",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 1289,
      "rshares": 2646386277,
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry",
      "pending_payout": "0.016 HBD",
      "total_vote_weight": 53196
    }
  ],
  "block": 41812835,
  "trx_id": "0ff396bf02d182ccb62e3a706cbb3da876487a37",
  "op_in_trx": 1,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T09:03:33",
  "virtual_op": true,
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}

{
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "shares",
      "author": "nuls",
      "weight": 500,
      "permlink": "atchk-the-consortium-blockchain-will-become-the-main-focus-of-china-s-blockchain-industry"
    }
  ],
  "block": 41812835,
  "trx_id": "0ff396bf02d182ccb62e3a706cbb3da876487a37",
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-20T09:03:33",
  "virtual_op": false,
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}

{
  "op": [
    "effective_comment_vote",
    {
      "voter": "yehey",
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      "body": "@@ -11221,31 +11221,31 @@\n ment.%0A%0ANULS \n-c\n+C\n hain \n-f\n+F\n actory can e\n",
      "title": "The Consortium Blockchain will Become the Main Focus of China's Blockchain Industry",
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      "title": "The Consortium Blockchain will Become the Main Focus of China's Blockchain Industry",
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      "body": "Exploration of Application of Blockchain Technology\n\nBy the end of 2018, nine Chinese provinces had launched blockchain industry funds totaling nearly 40 billion yuan ($% ~6B US). By February 2019, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and other cities had issue blockchain policies to encourage and support blockchain development for relevant industries.\n\nAs early as 2017, Chen Chun, an academic of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that blockchain technology has evolved to support a consortium chain. At this year's CCF, China Computer Federation, Blockchain Technology Conference, August 2019, academician Chen once again spoke about the consortium chain. He pointed out: 1) the consortium chain supports collaborative administration, and provides high performance, high availability, and high security and privacy; 2) the consortium chain is the main focus of China's blockchain development for now and the foreseeable future.\n\nOvernight, Chinese major mainstream media is highlighting blockchain and unprecedented opportunities for the development of blockchain.\n\nAcademician Chen Chun restated his opinions about the promise of blockchain at an October 2019 meeting and has become a \"Web academician star\". China sees the future of blockchain and its benefits for China through Chen Chun words. \n![图片111111.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVEEa5Ru1FVxQBJS21GxA8kjYrCob83kC5sphWfQ7gtCq/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87111111.png)\nWhat is the consortium chain? What is the reason for Mr. Chen optimism about the consortium chain?\n\nWhat is the Consortium Chain?\n\nBlockchain can be classified into two types: public blockchain and permissioned blockchain.\n\nFor the public chain, its entire ledger is open to the public, and anyone can query or send transactions on the public chain. Anyone can create and cancel their nodes on the public chain without notification or requesting authorization. The public chain has the highest degree of decentralization and the strongest degree of anonymity.\n\nThere are two types of the permissioned chain: private chain and consortium chain. The private chain typically belongs to one organization, which owns the security rules of the private chain and decides who has the read and/or write authority to the ledger. The degree of decentralization and anonymity of a private chain is the lowest.\n\nThe consortium chain is between the private chain and the public chain. The consortium chain is a multi-centralized system, and the nodes are maintained by several authorized centralized organizations. The accounting rules and read-write permissions of the consortium chain are jointly agreed to by all members of the consortium chain. Different members may have different read-write permissions.\n\nAt this point, you may still be confused about the consortium chain. The comparison of the data transmission methods between fixed and separate systems and the consortium chain below may help you have a better understanding.\n\n![图片123.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTe4DpwH55SiTcXquwWzmAsXo2mmJK53GxeRcTJqHB3aR/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87123.png)\n\nTo compare a traditional data processing model with a Consortium Chain: consider a structure of separate business systems sequentially connected, so the business decision and data flows from system 1 to system 2, to eventually the last system.  All parties involved in the business process have their independent systems and databases.  To transfer data from one system to the next, all parties in the system need to develop an interface that links  each system with the previous and the next system. If the link is broken during the transfer – due to authorization issues or interface issues, the data cannot be transferred further. and the transaction is halted.\n\nConsider that data can be processed in parallel in the consortium chain, and those actions that are dependent on previous actions will execute in the required sequential order. For the same business process as discussed in the previous paragraph, each party (system) has a consistent ledger (database) and the same set of interfaces. All parties manage nodes and synchronize data changes in real-time. Compared with the serial information system (first example), the consortium chain only changes the method  of managing and storing data and how the data decisions flow through the system.\nWhy can’t public and private chains be as simple as the consortium chain?\n Consortium Chain accommodate shared central administration while utilizing the advantages of blockchain.\n\nMost or all public chains in the world incorporate cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is the most widely-used application of the public chain. However, the public chain and cryptocurrencies do not meet the current legal and regulatory requirements in China, and in principle, cannot be legally used and operated in China. The private chain has no cryptocurrency value because it operates within a certain organization with limited scope and scenarios.\n\nThe consortium chain is different. It has a wide range of application scenarios and can effectively leverage the blockchain technology. \n\n![图片1122.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVq8mexuE6zTKfsmRhmuEGF82c7Nn7hNrS9rDVaBKozMd/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%871122.png)\nFor example: in 2019 the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the China Construction Bank set up a PF (provident fund) consortium chain to manage the interconnection of the provident fund management systems in 491 cities across the country. How does China benefit from this?\n\nSuppose Xiao Ming has worked in Beijing for three years, and now he wants to work in Hangzhou. He needs to transfer the PF to Hangzhou. If there was no PF consortium chain, Hangzhou's PF center would have to obtain Hangzhou's provident fund data from Beijing’s PF center, which would be time consuming and require authorization. Now with the PF consortium chain, Hangzhou’s PF center can directly query Beijing's PF data. PF consortium chain greatly improves the query efficiency of PF data.\n\nPF consortium chain also cuts off a lot of intermediate links thus helping people get things done more efficiently. Suppose Xiaoming wants to buy a house in his hometown, Chongqing, with his girlfriend after working in Hangzhou for 2 years. Xiaoming needs to apply for the certificate of PF deposit. Without the PF consortium chain Xiaoming needs to apply for paper certificates in Hangzhou and then hand them over to the PF center in Chongqing, which is time-consuming and labor intensive. Now Xiaoming can authorize the Chongqing PF center directly online to query his Hangzhou PF deposit certificate, quickly addressing the situation.\n\nAfter the establishment of the PF consortium chain, the PF systems in different cities adopt the same database mechanism and data transmission with no need for separate interfaces, which results in the cost savings of developing interfaces.\n\nFurthermore, centralizing the administration of the PF Fund expands the supervision scope but reduces the total supervision cost.\n\nFrom the above example, we can see that by establishing a shared ledger (shared database) mechanism among multiple business parties, the consortium chain consolidates the security administration among all business parties, and also has many advantages such as improving data query efficiency, reducing intermediate links, reducing development costs, etc.\n\nAt present, due to the high technology threshold of blockchain, we must be able to effectively apply the consortium chain technology to different industries – without “reinventing the wheel”, thus saving the development cost.\n\n\nRealize one-stop chain building and reduce the development cost of a consortium chain\n\nBlockchain is still in the early stage of development, and domestic consortium chain solutions are very scarce. As a one-stop chain building provider, NULS chain factory provides a comprehensive consortium chain solution, while reducing the development cost.\nNULS chain factory reduces development cost from three aspects:\n1.NULS microservice architecture enables blockchain customization.\n2.NULS provides general application functional components to enable re-use of functional components for different customers and applications. \n3.Connecting with a cloud service provider to utilize the automatic deployment of nodes. \n\nNULS chain factory is a graphical chain building platform. Based on the microservice architecture, the chain factory team separates the underlying functions such as consensus, ledger, block into different modules. The microservice architecture reduces the development difficulty and time for NULS to enhance existing features and add new features to the consortium chain.  \n\nThe integration of microservices enables the NULS blockchain system to incorporate loosely coupled modules each independent from other modules with respect to software and function. The chain factory will provide a rich module warehouse. Users can assemble a consortium chain by selecting the desired modules from the module warehouse. If a function/module is not available, the user can develop the business module, upload the module, and incorporate the module to complete building the chain. The independence of the modules enables the chain factory to customize any consortium chain.\n\nIn order to provide the application scenarios required by a consortium chain, the chain factory will provide the general functional components: account authorization -- users can set different permissions for different roles;  supervision mechanism -- users can introduce supervision nodes to monitor the data on the chain and inappropriate usage; on-chain governance -- consortium members can vote for a proposal such as blockchain maintenance, member management, and other governance tasks.\n\nThe chain factory will provide various general application models of consortium chains based on these functional components. With the help of these models, users can quickly tailor the consortium chain to their application requirements, deploy their configured consortium chain,  develop applications to meet their needs, and migrate their applications to their chain.\n\nIn addition to the chain building, the chain factory will also help users “walk the last mile”. After the customization of the consortium chain, users need to deploy the nodes of the consortium chain. By selecting the appropriate Cloud Server package, the chain factory will connect with the cloud service provider so that users can easily complete the deployment and management of nodes in the chain factory.\n\nNULS chain factory provides full customization, application portability, and automatic deployment of nodes, making it possible to achieve one-stop chain building. This will effectively help the growth and usability of consortium chain technology.\n\n\nConclusion\n\nThe mainstream media once pointed out that the popularity of the consortium chain will have a tremendous impact on the global information industry, and blockchain technology is a new information revolution. But in the early stage of blockchain, the high cost of chain building is the biggest hurdle. Therefore, reducing the development cost of the blockchain is the overriding task for blockchain technology development.\n\nNULS chain factory can effectively reduce the cost of building a consortium chain. With the help of products such as the chain factory, different industries can combine consortium chain technology with existing businesses to improve efficiency and save costs.\n\nThe application of consortium chain technology is conducive to accelerating China's exploration of blockchain technology, positioning China to play a leadership role  in the information revolution of blockchain.\n\nReference:\n“Clarify Matters: Why blockchain is a new information revolution”, Shan Zhiguang, He Yifan, from people.cn.",
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      "body": "https://i.imgur.com/CBqCEo5.png<br><br>Join the community in our migration to Hive, a community built blockchain for the community.  All Steem account holders will receive equivalent stake on the new Hive blockchain.<br><br>Please [follow @innerhive on twitter](https://twitter.com/innerhive) for more information.",
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      "body": "Exploration of Application of Blockchain Technology\n\nBy the end of 2018, nine Chinese provinces had launched blockchain industry funds totaling nearly 40 billion yuan ($% ~6B US). By February 2019, Beijing, Shanghai, Chongqing, and other cities had issue blockchain policies to encourage and support blockchain development for relevant industries.\n\nAs early as 2017, Chen Chun, an academic of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, said that blockchain technology has evolved to support a consortium chain. At this year's CCF, China Computer Federation, Blockchain Technology Conference, August 2019, academician Chen once again spoke about the consortium chain. He pointed out: 1) the consortium chain supports collaborative administration, and provides high performance, high availability, and high security and privacy; 2) the consortium chain is the main focus of China's blockchain development for now and the foreseeable future.\n\nOvernight, Chinese major mainstream media is highlighting blockchain and unprecedented opportunities for the development of blockchain.\n\nAcademician Chen Chun restated his opinions about the promise of blockchain at an October 2019 meeting and has become a \"Web academician star\". China sees the future of blockchain and its benefits for China through Chen Chun words. \n![图片111111.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVEEa5Ru1FVxQBJS21GxA8kjYrCob83kC5sphWfQ7gtCq/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87111111.png)\nWhat is the consortium chain? What is the reason for Mr. Chen optimism about the consortium chain?\n\nWhat is the Consortium Chain?\n\nBlockchain can be classified into two types: public blockchain and permissioned blockchain.\n\nFor the public chain, its entire ledger is open to the public, and anyone can query or send transactions on the public chain. Anyone can create and cancel their nodes on the public chain without notification or requesting authorization. The public chain has the highest degree of decentralization and the strongest degree of anonymity.\n\nThere are two types of the permissioned chain: private chain and consortium chain. The private chain typically belongs to one organization, which owns the security rules of the private chain and decides who has the read and/or write authority to the ledger. The degree of decentralization and anonymity of a private chain is the lowest.\n\nThe consortium chain is between the private chain and the public chain. The consortium chain is a multi-centralized system, and the nodes are maintained by several authorized centralized organizations. The accounting rules and read-write permissions of the consortium chain are jointly agreed to by all members of the consortium chain. Different members may have different read-write permissions.\n\nAt this point, you may still be confused about the consortium chain. The comparison of the data transmission methods between fixed and separate systems and the consortium chain below may help you have a better understanding.\n\n![图片123.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTe4DpwH55SiTcXquwWzmAsXo2mmJK53GxeRcTJqHB3aR/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%87123.png)\n\nTo compare a traditional data processing model with a Consortium Chain: consider a structure of separate business systems sequentially connected, so the business decision and data flows from system 1 to system 2, to eventually the last system.  All parties involved in the business process have their independent systems and databases.  To transfer data from one system to the next, all parties in the system need to develop an interface that links  each system with the previous and the next system. If the link is broken during the transfer – due to authorization issues or interface issues, the data cannot be transferred further. and the transaction is halted.\n\nConsider that data can be processed in parallel in the consortium chain, and those actions that are dependent on previous actions will execute in the required sequential order. For the same business process as discussed in the previous paragraph, each party (system) has a consistent ledger (database) and the same set of interfaces. All parties manage nodes and synchronize data changes in real-time. Compared with the serial information system (first example), the consortium chain only changes the method  of managing and storing data and how the data decisions flow through the system.\nWhy can’t public and private chains be as simple as the consortium chain?\n Consortium Chain accommodate shared central administration while utilizing the advantages of blockchain.\n\nMost or all public chains in the world incorporate cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency is the most widely-used application of the public chain. However, the public chain and cryptocurrencies do not meet the current legal and regulatory requirements in China, and in principle, cannot be legally used and operated in China. The private chain has no cryptocurrency value because it operates within a certain organization with limited scope and scenarios.\n\nThe consortium chain is different. It has a wide range of application scenarios and can effectively leverage the blockchain technology. \n\n![图片1122.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVq8mexuE6zTKfsmRhmuEGF82c7Nn7hNrS9rDVaBKozMd/%E5%9B%BE%E7%89%871122.png)\nFor example: in 2019 the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, and the China Construction Bank set up a PF (provident fund) consortium chain to manage the interconnection of the provident fund management systems in 491 cities across the country. How does China benefit from this?\n\nSuppose Xiao Ming has worked in Beijing for three years, and now he wants to work in Hangzhou. He needs to transfer the PF to Hangzhou. If there was no PF consortium chain, Hangzhou's PF center would have to obtain Hangzhou's provident fund data from Beijing’s PF center, which would be time consuming and require authorization. Now with the PF consortium chain, Hangzhou’s PF center can directly query Beijing's PF data. PF consortium chain greatly improves the query efficiency of PF data.\n\nPF consortium chain also cuts off a lot of intermediate links thus helping people get things done more efficiently. Suppose Xiaoming wants to buy a house in his hometown, Chongqing, with his girlfriend after working in Hangzhou for 2 years. Xiaoming needs to apply for the certificate of PF deposit. Without the PF consortium chain Xiaoming needs to apply for paper certificates in Hangzhou and then hand them over to the PF center in Chongqing, which is time-consuming and labor intensive. Now Xiaoming can authorize the Chongqing PF center directly online to query his Hangzhou PF deposit certificate, quickly addressing the situation.\n\nAfter the establishment of the PF consortium chain, the PF systems in different cities adopt the same database mechanism and data transmission with no need for separate interfaces, which results in the cost savings of developing interfaces.\n\nFurthermore, centralizing the administration of the PF Fund expands the supervision scope but reduces the total supervision cost.\n\nFrom the above example, we can see that by establishing a shared ledger (shared database) mechanism among multiple business parties, the consortium chain consolidates the security administration among all business parties, and also has many advantages such as improving data query efficiency, reducing intermediate links, reducing development costs, etc.\n\nAt present, due to the high technology threshold of blockchain, we must be able to effectively apply the consortium chain technology to different industries – without “reinventing the wheel”, thus saving the development cost.\n\n\nRealize one-stop chain building and reduce the development cost of a consortium chain\n\nBlockchain is still in the early stage of development, and domestic consortium chain solutions are very scarce. As a one-stop chain building provider, NULS chain factory provides a comprehensive consortium chain solution, while reducing the development cost.\nNULS chain factory reduces development cost from three aspects:\n1.NULS microservice architecture enables blockchain customization.\n2.NULS provides general application functional components to enable re-use of functional components for different customers and applications. \n3.Connecting with a cloud service provider to utilize the automatic deployment of nodes. \n\nNULS chain factory is a graphical chain building platform. Based on the microservice architecture, the chain factory team separates the underlying functions such as consensus, ledger, block into different modules. The microservice architecture reduces the development difficulty and time for NULS to enhance existing features and add new features to the consortium chain.  \n\nThe integration of microservices enables the NULS blockchain system to incorporate loosely coupled modules each independent from other modules with respect to software and function. The chain factory will provide a rich module warehouse. Users can assemble a consortium chain by selecting the desired modules from the module warehouse. If a function/module is not available, the user can develop the business module, upload the module, and incorporate the module to complete building the chain. The independence of the modules enables the chain factory to customize any consortium chain.\n\nIn order to provide the application scenarios required by a consortium chain, the chain factory will provide the general functional components: account authorization -- users can set different permissions for different roles;  supervision mechanism -- users can introduce supervision nodes to monitor the data on the chain and inappropriate usage; on-chain governance -- consortium members can vote for a proposal such as blockchain maintenance, member management, and other governance tasks.\n\nThe chain factory will provide various general application models of consortium chains based on these functional components. With the help of these models, users can quickly tailor the consortium chain to their application requirements, deploy their configured consortium chain,  develop applications to meet their needs, and migrate their applications to their chain.\n\nIn addition to the chain building, the chain factory will also help users “walk the last mile”. After the customization of the consortium chain, users need to deploy the nodes of the consortium chain. By selecting the appropriate Cloud Server package, the chain factory will connect with the cloud service provider so that users can easily complete the deployment and management of nodes in the chain factory.\n\nNULS chain factory provides full customization, application portability, and automatic deployment of nodes, making it possible to achieve one-stop chain building. This will effectively help the growth and usability of consortium chain technology.\n\n\nConclusion\n\nThe mainstream media once pointed out that the popularity of the consortium chain will have a tremendous impact on the global information industry, and blockchain technology is a new information revolution. But in the early stage of blockchain, the high cost of chain building is the biggest hurdle. Therefore, reducing the development cost of the blockchain is the overriding task for blockchain technology development.\n\nNULS chain factory can effectively reduce the cost of building a consortium chain. With the help of products such as the chain factory, different industries can combine consortium chain technology with existing businesses to improve efficiency and save costs.\n\nThe application of consortium chain technology is conducive to accelerating China's exploration of blockchain technology, positioning China to play a leadership role  in the information revolution of blockchain.\n\nReference:\n“Clarify Matters: Why blockchain is a new information revolution”, Shan Zhiguang, He Yifan, from people.cn.",
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