VOTING POWER95.04%
DOWNVOTE POWER0.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS0.00%
Net Worth
0.000USD
HIVE
0.000HIVE
HBD
0.000HBD
Own HP
0.000HP
Detailed Balance
| HIVE | ||
| balance | 0.000HIVE | HIVE |
| market_balance | 0.000HIVE | HIVE |
| savings_balance | 0.000HIVE | HIVE |
| reward_hive_balance | 0.000HIVE | HIVE |
| HIVE POWER | ||
| Own HP | 0.000HP | HP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000HP | HP |
| Delegation In | 0.000HP | HP |
| Effective Power | 0.000HP | HP |
| Reward HP (pending) | 0.000HP | HP |
| HBD | ||
| hbd_balance | 0.000HBD | HBD |
| hbd_conversions | 0.000HBD | HBD |
| hbd_market_balance | 0.000HBD | HBD |
| savings_hbd_balance | 0.000HBD | HBD |
| reward_hbd_balance | 0.000HBD | HBD |
{
"balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"savings_balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"reward_hive_balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD",
"savings_hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD",
"reward_hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD"
}Account Info
| name | proje |
| id | 589351 |
| rank | 0 |
| reputation | 0 |
| created | 2018-01-09T10:41:54 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| invited_by | null |
| post_count | 3 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-08-07T21:01:48 |
| last_root_post | 2018-08-07T21:01:48 |
| last_vote_time | 2018-04-28T01:35:30 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 9,504 |
| delayed_votes | None |
| governance_vote_expiration_ts | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| balance | 0.000 HIVE |
| savings_balance | 0.000 HIVE |
| hbd_balance | 0.000 HBD |
| savings_hbd_balance | 0.000 HBD |
| vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 0.000000 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 HIVE |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 1 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| mined | No |
| hbd_seconds | 17,173,848 |
| hbd_last_interest_payment | 2018-08-07T22:26:18 |
| savings_hbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7qyToB8wczafviDJosG3hNtGfgKKSiU1jepVBE4BPq1aEeCR2e",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"can_vote": true,
"comment_count": 0,
"created": "2018-01-09T10:41:54",
"curation_rewards": 25,
"delayed_votes": [],
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 0,
"last_update_time": 1515494511
},
"governance_vote_expiration_ts": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"guest_bloggers": [],
"hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD",
"hbd_last_interest_payment": "2018-08-07T22:26:18",
"hbd_seconds": "17173848",
"hbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-08-09T01:10:12",
"id": 589351,
"json_metadata": "",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_post": "2018-08-07T21:01:48",
"last_root_post": "2018-08-07T21:01:48",
"last_vote_time": "2018-04-28T01:35:30",
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"market_history": [],
"memo_key": "STM6VJZm3t2TPEpCVYoaxV6kW6aHCdcHRxXKcB7HkYMW6HDkyA98n",
"mined": false,
"name": "proje",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"open_recurrent_transfers": 0,
"other_history": [],
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6Xxx4VuuoX58Y9ssbZxFTv3kfcduxw3HDd39pg5cdojTtdt1Bi",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"pending_transfers": 0,
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"post_count": 3,
"post_history": [],
"post_voting_power": "0.000000 VESTS",
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6KM9K5vx4HSaeWhGvaEsuttRBTKKuwWpRaESUyesHRV1BzRMfR",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting_json_metadata": "",
"posting_rewards": 0,
"previous_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"proxy": "",
"received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"recovery_account": "steem",
"reputation": 0,
"reset_account": "null",
"reward_hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD",
"reward_hive_balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_hive": "0.000 HIVE",
"savings_balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"savings_hbd_balance": "0.000 HBD",
"savings_hbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_hbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_hbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"tags_usage": [],
"to_withdraw": 0,
"transfer_history": [],
"vesting_balance": "0.000 HIVE",
"vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"vote_history": [],
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": 9504,
"last_update_time": 1524879330
},
"voting_power": 9504,
"withdraw_routes": 1,
"withdrawn": 0,
"witness_votes": [],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"rank": 0
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing | |
|---|---|---|
Empty |
|
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": [
{
"auto_vest": false,
"from_account": "proje",
"id": 39236,
"percent": 10000,
"to_account": "luckdiver"
}
]
}From Date
To Date
2020/01/09 12:34:12
2020/01/09 12:34:12
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @proje! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@proje/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@proje) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=proje)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | proje |
| parent permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-proje-20200109t123409000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #39777350/Trx ca9e726ce9aae725c6d40203fe2e7468fd38c736 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 39777350,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "steemitboard",
"body": "Congratulations @proje! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@proje/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@proje) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=proje)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
"json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
"parent_author": "proje",
"parent_permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"permlink": "steemitboard-notify-proje-20200109t123409000z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-01-09T12:34:12",
"trx_id": "ca9e726ce9aae725c6d40203fe2e7468fd38c736",
"trx_in_block": 8,
"virtual_op": false
}2019/01/09 12:33:00
2019/01/09 12:33:00
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @proje! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@proje/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@proje)_</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/steemwhales-has-officially-moved-to-steemitboard-ranking"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfRVpHQhLDhnjDtqck8GPv9NPvNKPfMsDaAFDE1D9Er2Z/header_ranking.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/steemwhales-has-officially-moved-to-steemitboard-ranking">SteemWhales has officially moved to SteemitBoard Ranking</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-01-07"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/7CiQEO.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-01-07">SteemitBoard - Witness Update</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | proje |
| parent permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-proje-20190109t123256000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #29304379/Trx 54cb5f582fbb2f86d0b9c60fc6a145310cbc2265 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 29304379,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "steemitboard",
"body": "Congratulations @proje! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@proje/birthday1.png</td><td>1 Year on Steemit</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@proje)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/steemwhales-has-officially-moved-to-steemitboard-ranking\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfRVpHQhLDhnjDtqck8GPv9NPvNKPfMsDaAFDE1D9Er2Z/header_ranking.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steem/@steemitboard/steemwhales-has-officially-moved-to-steemitboard-ranking\">SteemWhales has officially moved to SteemitBoard Ranking</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-01-07\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/7CiQEO.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-01-07\">SteemitBoard - Witness Update</a></td></tr></table>\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
"json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
"parent_author": "proje",
"parent_permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"permlink": "steemitboard-notify-proje-20190109t123256000z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-01-09T12:33:00",
"trx_id": "54cb5f582fbb2f86d0b9c60fc6a145310cbc2265",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": false
}projesent 0.000 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.000 HP)2019/01/07 17:06:57
projesent 0.000 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.000 HP)
2019/01/07 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.000 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 0.000008 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #29252286/Virtual Operation 4294967295:17 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 29252286,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.000 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "0.000008 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 17,
"timestamp": "2019-01-07T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/12/31 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/12/31 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #29050937/Virtual Operation 4294967295:40 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 29050937,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 40,
"timestamp": "2018-12-31T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/12/24 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/12/24 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28849430/Virtual Operation 4294967295:35 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28849430,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 35,
"timestamp": "2018-12-24T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/12/17 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/12/17 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28647964/Virtual Operation 4294967295:11 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28647964,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 11,
"timestamp": "2018-12-17T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/12/10 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/12/10 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28446497/Virtual Operation 4294967295:27 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28446497,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 27,
"timestamp": "2018-12-10T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/12/03 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/12/03 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28245004/Virtual Operation 4294967295:10 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28245004,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 10,
"timestamp": "2018-12-03T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/11/26 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/11/26 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28043479/Virtual Operation 4294967295:28 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28043479,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 28,
"timestamp": "2018-11-26T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/11/19 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/11/19 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #27841981/Virtual Operation 4294967295:12 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27841981,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 12,
"timestamp": "2018-11-19T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/11/12 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/11/12 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #27640518/Virtual Operation 4294967295:29 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27640518,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 29,
"timestamp": "2018-11-12T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/11/05 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/11/05 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #27439048/Virtual Operation 4294967295:42 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27439048,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 42,
"timestamp": "2018-11-05T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/10/29 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/10/29 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #27237621/Virtual Operation 4294967295:60 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27237621,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 60,
"timestamp": "2018-10-29T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/10/22 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/10/22 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #27036162/Virtual Operation 4294967295:10 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 27036162,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 10,
"timestamp": "2018-10-22T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/10/15 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/10/15 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #26834724/Virtual Operation 4294967295:14 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 26834724,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 14,
"timestamp": "2018-10-15T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)2018/10/08 17:06:57
projesent 0.001 HIVE to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.002 HP)
2018/10/08 17:06:57
| deposited | 0.001 HIVE |
| from account | proje |
| to account | luckdiver |
| withdrawn | 3.928979 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #26633262/Virtual Operation 4294967295:10 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 26633262,
"op": [
"fill_vesting_withdraw",
{
"deposited": "0.001 HIVE",
"from_account": "proje",
"to_account": "luckdiver",
"withdrawn": "3.928979 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 10,
"timestamp": "2018-10-08T17:06:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}projeset power down withdrawal route to @luckdiver (100.00%)2018/10/01 17:07:00
projeset power down withdrawal route to @luckdiver (100.00%)
2018/10/01 17:07:00
| auto vest | false |
| from account | proje |
| percent | 10000 |
| to account | luckdiver |
| Transaction Info | Block #26431782/Trx 94fee1854cc50eee2c05c634445110c759ff12ab |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 26431782,
"op": [
"set_withdraw_vesting_route",
{
"auto_vest": false,
"from_account": "proje",
"percent": 10000,
"to_account": "luckdiver"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-10-01T17:07:00",
"trx_id": "94fee1854cc50eee2c05c634445110c759ff12ab",
"trx_in_block": 44,
"virtual_op": false
}projestarted power down of 0.031 HP2018/10/01 17:07:00
projestarted power down of 0.031 HP
2018/10/01 17:07:00
| account | proje |
| vesting shares | 51.076735 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #26431782/Trx da2a008c784a611121eff9af03376648c868da88 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 26431782,
"op": [
"withdraw_vesting",
{
"account": "proje",
"vesting_shares": "51.076735 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-10-01T17:07:00",
"trx_id": "da2a008c784a611121eff9af03376648c868da88",
"trx_in_block": 43,
"virtual_op": false
}projeupdated payout for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/14 21:01:48
projeupdated payout for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/14 21:01:48
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| Transaction Info | Block #25070551/Virtual Operation 4294967295:5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25070551,
"op": [
"comment_payout_update",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 5,
"timestamp": "2018-08-14T21:01:48",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}spaminatoreffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/14 16:13:57
spaminatoreffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/14 16:13:57
| author | proje |
| pending payout | 0.000 HBD |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| rshares | -598699202492 |
| total vote weight | 648620 |
| voter | spaminator |
| weight | 0 (0.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #25064797/Trx 3d590b8ca412eb86f597841caebc0460ef81706a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25064797,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"pending_payout": "0.000 HBD",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"rshares": -598699202492,
"total_vote_weight": 648620,
"voter": "spaminator",
"weight": 0
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-08-14T16:13:57",
"trx_id": "3d590b8ca412eb86f597841caebc0460ef81706a",
"trx_in_block": 43,
"virtual_op": true
}2018/08/14 16:13:57
2018/08/14 16:13:57
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| voter | spaminator |
| weight | -37 (-0.37%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #25064797/Trx 3d590b8ca412eb86f597841caebc0460ef81706a |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25064797,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"voter": "spaminator",
"weight": -37
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-14T16:13:57",
"trx_id": "3d590b8ca412eb86f597841caebc0460ef81706a",
"trx_in_block": 43,
"virtual_op": false
}prowlereffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/14 16:13:54
prowlereffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/14 16:13:54
| author | proje |
| pending payout | 0.588 HBD |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| rshares | -81675574 |
| total vote weight | 648620 |
| voter | prowler |
| weight | 0 (0.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #25064796/Trx ea6c0f4c179480db97e85f5baa5e3dc09239abe4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25064796,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"pending_payout": "0.588 HBD",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"rshares": -81675574,
"total_vote_weight": 648620,
"voter": "prowler",
"weight": 0
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-08-14T16:13:54",
"trx_id": "ea6c0f4c179480db97e85f5baa5e3dc09239abe4",
"trx_in_block": 55,
"virtual_op": true
}2018/08/14 16:13:54
2018/08/14 16:13:54
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| voter | prowler |
| weight | -100 (-1.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #25064796/Trx ea6c0f4c179480db97e85f5baa5e3dc09239abe4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25064796,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"voter": "prowler",
"weight": -100
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-14T16:13:54",
"trx_id": "ea6c0f4c179480db97e85f5baa5e3dc09239abe4",
"trx_in_block": 55,
"virtual_op": false
}projesent 0.155 HBD to @avdvla1984- "round"2018/08/09 01:10:15
projesent 0.155 HBD to @avdvla1984- "round"
2018/08/09 01:10:15
| amount | 0.155 HBD |
| from | proje |
| memo | round |
| to | avdvla1984 |
| Transaction Info | Block #24902771/Trx b1237f3805d8eb1e98e02ef966aad2362829fa89 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24902771,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.155 HBD",
"from": "proje",
"memo": "round",
"to": "avdvla1984"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-09T01:10:15",
"trx_id": "b1237f3805d8eb1e98e02ef966aad2362829fa89",
"trx_in_block": 33,
"virtual_op": false
}minnowboostersent 0.001 HBD to @proje- "You got an upgoat that will be done by pedrojunior. We refund an open value of 0.001 SBD! Request-Id: 1447178"2018/08/08 01:20:33
minnowboostersent 0.001 HBD to @proje- "You got an upgoat that will be done by pedrojunior. We refund an open value of 0.001 SBD! Request-Id: 1447178"
2018/08/08 01:20:33
| amount | 0.001 HBD |
| from | minnowbooster |
| memo | You got an upgoat that will be done by pedrojunior. We refund an open value of 0.001 SBD! Request-Id: 1447178 |
| to | proje |
| Transaction Info | Block #24874208/Trx 0e3b20fb03e3278ba11263b7085ea4863e4497b3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24874208,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.001 HBD",
"from": "minnowbooster",
"memo": "You got an upgoat that will be done by pedrojunior. We refund an open value of 0.001 SBD! Request-Id: 1447178",
"to": "proje"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-08T01:20:33",
"trx_id": "0e3b20fb03e3278ba11263b7085ea4863e4497b3",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": false
}pedrojunioreffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/08 01:20:33
pedrojunioreffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/08 01:20:33
| author | proje |
| pending payout | 0.682 HBD |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| rshares | 130001363427 |
| total vote weight | 648620 |
| voter | pedrojunior |
| weight | 123979 |
| Transaction Info | Block #24874208/Trx 23d81350b6a1ad9160919400e62d539e50fcdc77 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24874208,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"pending_payout": "0.682 HBD",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"rshares": 130001363427,
"total_vote_weight": 648620,
"voter": "pedrojunior",
"weight": 123979
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-08-08T01:20:33",
"trx_id": "23d81350b6a1ad9160919400e62d539e50fcdc77",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": true
}2018/08/08 01:20:33
2018/08/08 01:20:33
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| voter | pedrojunior |
| weight | 8900 (89.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24874208/Trx 23d81350b6a1ad9160919400e62d539e50fcdc77 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24874208,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"voter": "pedrojunior",
"weight": 8900
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-08T01:20:33",
"trx_id": "23d81350b6a1ad9160919400e62d539e50fcdc77",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": false
}projesent 0.150 HBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"2018/08/08 01:19:36
projesent 0.150 HBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"
2018/08/08 01:19:36
| amount | 0.150 HBD |
| from | proje |
| memo | https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| to | minnowbooster |
| Transaction Info | Block #24874189/Trx f361c0a710cc94824d55d4457a5ff704a0726c9e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24874189,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.150 HBD",
"from": "proje",
"memo": "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"to": "minnowbooster"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-08T01:19:36",
"trx_id": "f361c0a710cc94824d55d4457a5ff704a0726c9e",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": false
}minnowboostersent 0.003 HBD to @proje- "You got an upgoat that will be done by angelol. We refund an open value of 0.003 SBD! Request-Id: 1446665"2018/08/07 23:08:39
minnowboostersent 0.003 HBD to @proje- "You got an upgoat that will be done by angelol. We refund an open value of 0.003 SBD! Request-Id: 1446665"
2018/08/07 23:08:39
| amount | 0.003 HBD |
| from | minnowbooster |
| memo | You got an upgoat that will be done by angelol. We refund an open value of 0.003 SBD! Request-Id: 1446665 |
| to | proje |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871570/Trx b8042ba49845925a6534e0124c4db46db8fd54e0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871570,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.003 HBD",
"from": "minnowbooster",
"memo": "You got an upgoat that will be done by angelol. We refund an open value of 0.003 SBD! Request-Id: 1446665",
"to": "proje"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:08:39",
"trx_id": "b8042ba49845925a6534e0124c4db46db8fd54e0",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": false
}angeloleffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/07 23:08:39
angeloleffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/07 23:08:39
| author | proje |
| pending payout | 0.464 HBD |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| rshares | 258537404543 |
| total vote weight | 524641 |
| voter | angelol |
| weight | 395357 |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871570/Trx 4a8582c9004502729c0a3e3c1c85820f6cd218c3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871570,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"pending_payout": "0.464 HBD",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"rshares": 258537404543,
"total_vote_weight": 524641,
"voter": "angelol",
"weight": 395357
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:08:39",
"trx_id": "4a8582c9004502729c0a3e3c1c85820f6cd218c3",
"trx_in_block": 10,
"virtual_op": true
}2018/08/07 23:08:39
2018/08/07 23:08:39
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| voter | angelol |
| weight | 7300 (73.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871570/Trx 4a8582c9004502729c0a3e3c1c85820f6cd218c3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871570,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"voter": "angelol",
"weight": 7300
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:08:39",
"trx_id": "4a8582c9004502729c0a3e3c1c85820f6cd218c3",
"trx_in_block": 10,
"virtual_op": false
}mshahabieffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/07 23:07:21
mshahabieffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/07 23:07:21
| author | proje |
| pending payout | 0.028 HBD |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| rshares | 16644434277 |
| total vote weight | 129284 |
| voter | mshahabi |
| weight | 121102 |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871544/Trx 5c053bbf4e41c5e5b7c9f08f3879482612521956 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871544,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"pending_payout": "0.028 HBD",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"rshares": 16644434277,
"total_vote_weight": 129284,
"voter": "mshahabi",
"weight": 121102
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:07:21",
"trx_id": "5c053bbf4e41c5e5b7c9f08f3879482612521956",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": true
}2018/08/07 23:07:21
2018/08/07 23:07:21
| author | proje |
| permlink | unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| voter | mshahabi |
| weight | 265 (2.65%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871544/Trx 5c053bbf4e41c5e5b7c9f08f3879482612521956 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871544,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "proje",
"permlink": "unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"voter": "mshahabi",
"weight": 265
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:07:21",
"trx_id": "5c053bbf4e41c5e5b7c9f08f3879482612521956",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": false
}projesent 0.300 HBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"2018/08/07 23:07:18
projesent 0.300 HBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"
2018/08/07 23:07:18
| amount | 0.300 HBD |
| from | proje |
| memo | https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity |
| to | minnowbooster |
| Transaction Info | Block #24871543/Trx 5d0077c3ae00ad20e56c080af4dd851204baf975 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24871543,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.300 HBD",
"from": "proje",
"memo": "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity",
"to": "minnowbooster"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T23:07:18",
"trx_id": "5d0077c3ae00ad20e56c080af4dd851204baf975",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": false
}minnowboostersent 0.300 HBD to @proje- "Sorry, we could not upvote you with 0.300 SBD โ $0.444. Our website https://www.minnowbooster.net has a graph with what sends are currently working, refunding request with id: 1446501!."2018/08/07 22:27:30
minnowboostersent 0.300 HBD to @proje- "Sorry, we could not upvote you with 0.300 SBD โ $0.444. Our website https://www.minnowbooster.net has a graph with what sends are currently working, refunding request with id: 1446501!."
2018/08/07 22:27:30
| amount | 0.300 HBD |
| from | minnowbooster |
| memo | Sorry, we could not upvote you with 0.300 SBD โ $0.444. Our website https://www.minnowbooster.net has a graph with what sends are currently working, refunding request with id: 1446501!. |
| to | proje |
| Transaction Info | Block #24870747/Trx 822e9aa4d4db3870cb1bea26bbfb57467f19fb55 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24870747,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.300 HBD",
"from": "minnowbooster",
"memo": "Sorry, we could not upvote you with 0.300 SBD โ $0.444. Our website https://www.minnowbooster.net has a graph with what sends are currently working, refunding request with id: 1446501!.",
"to": "proje"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-07T22:27:30",
"trx_id": "822e9aa4d4db3870cb1bea26bbfb57467f19fb55",
"trx_in_block": 19,
"virtual_op": false
}2018/08/07 22:26:27
2018/08/07 22:26:27
| amount | 0.001 HBD |
| from | haji |
| memo | ๐นHello my dear friend ๐ Resteem your post โ 9,500 Followers โ +ReSteem in 5 Accounts ( 28,000 Followers ) ๐ฑ+100 Upvote @haji ๐ฅ+New followers โ +Loyality bonus FREE. โ Send 1 SBD or 1 STEEM To haji URL as Memo Service ACTIVE |
| to | proje |
| Transaction Info | Block #24870726/Trx 8da304390192f969f89fa6dbd79792363295cfe7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24870726,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.001 HBD",
"from": "haji",
"memo": "๐นHello my dear friend ๐ Resteem your post โ
9,500 Followers โ
+ReSteem in 5 Accounts ( 28,000 Followers ) ๐ฑ+100 Upvote @haji ๐ฅ+New followers โ
+Loyality bonus FREE. โ
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projesent 0.300 HBD to @minnowbooster- "https://steemit.com/news/@proje/unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity"
2018/08/07 22:26:21
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2018/08/07 21:34:21
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}ax3effective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/07 21:02:15
ax3effective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/07 21:02:15
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}projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/07 21:01:51
projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/07 21:01:51
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}projepublished a new post: unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/07 21:01:51
projepublished a new post: unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/07 21:01:51
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| body | <html> <p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWurKB493DETjXQQW1iQuyszXz8FgTmYi76DuVST7gzSD/image.png</p> <p><strong>Subthreshold direction selectivity is inherited from synaptic conductances when co-tuned. Differential tuning of excitation (Ge) and inhibition (Gi) can preferentially suppress excitation and enhance subthreshold selectivity. With differential tuning, inhibition can be either bidirectional or oppositely tunned for direction relative to excitation.</strong></p> <p><br></p> <p>Our brains do a remarkable job of encoding visual information about the world around us, providing an almost instantaneous report about rapidly changing conditions that is critical for guiding our behavior. Integral to the brain's encoding mechanism is the presence of neurons that respond selectively to specific visual features, generating electrical activity that reliably signals properties such as the orientation of edges, their position in space, and their direction of motion. By using new tools to probe the principles of connectivity that neural circuits use to generate selective responses, scientists at the <strong>Max Planck</strong> Florida Institute for Neuroscience are gaining a host of new insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying brain function.</p> <p>Understanding how neural circuits build response selectivity poses an enormous challenge since a single neuron receives thousands of synaptic inputs derived from other neurons and these inputs can differ in their response properties and how they can affect the neuron. Some inputs are excitatory, making the neuron more likely to generate an electrical signal, while others are inhibitory, reducing the likelihood that the neuron generates a signal. Somehow a neuron integrates all of these excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to generate responses that are selective, a mysterious 'input/output transform' that has been the subject of intense research interest.</p> <p>Previous studies have suggested that there are some simple rules that govern excitatory and inhibitory functional connections. A prominent rule that has emerged for excitatory connections is the notion '<em>like connects with like.</em>' For example, in the visual cortex, neurons that respond selectively to a particular direction of motion are thought to receive their excitatory inputs from other neurons that respond selectively to the same direction of motion. An equally important rule has been postulated for inhibitory inputs: the idea that the properties of the inhibitory inputs a neuron receives match the properties of its excitatory inputs. Because of the '<em>matching rule</em>,' inhibitory inputs are thought to adjust the strength of the excitatory inputs, but not to alter the selectivity conveyed to the neuron by its excitatory inputs.</p> <p>Now in a recent publication in Nature, researchers in<strong> David Fitzpatrick's</strong> Lab, <strong>Daniel Wilson</strong>, Ph.D., and <strong>Benjamin Scholl</strong>, Ph.D., have accumulated multiple lines of evidence that challenge both of these principles, providing a new perspective on how circuits in visual cortex employ excitation and inhibition to generate neuronal responses that are selective for an object's direction of motion.</p> <p>MPFI researchers first needed a better picture of the direction selectivity supplied by a neuron's excitatory synaptic inputs. To do this they used in vivo two-photon microscopy to characterize the direction selectivity of individual excitatory synaptic inputs onto the dendrites of a neuron, comparing this with the neuron's overall direction preference. Surprisingly, what they discovered goes against the grain of traditional thinking. Although, many of the synapses aligned with the overall directional preference of the neuron, a large number were found to respond best to the opposite (null) direction of motion, a pattern of connectivity that contrasts sharply with '<em>like connects with like</em>' rule. They also noticed a conspicuous mismatch between the strength of a neuron's direction selectivity, and that predicted by its excitatory synaptic inputs. The degree of direction selectivity that the neurons exhibited was significantly greater than what would have been expected from such a broad range of excitatory inputs.</p> <p>To further probe the factor(s) responsible for this puzzling difference between the neuron's excitatory inputs and its output, they turned to a different set of experiments using in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. This technique makes it possible to measure the total sum of synaptic inputs contributing to a neuron's response and to compare the contribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. The results for the excitatory inputs were consistent with the two-photon imaging data confirming a significant amount of excitatory input for both the preferred and the null direction of motion. The results for inhibition provided the team with another challenge to traditional thinking and a potential explanation for the puzzling input/output difference: In fact, the tuning of the inhibitory inputs did not match the excitatory inputs. For many neurons the strength of inhibition was greatest for the null direction of motion, suggesting that excitatory synaptic inputs to the null direction were being selectively dampened through inhibition.</p> <p>These findings predict that cortical inhibitory neurons make a substantial number of synaptic inputs to excitatory neurons that prefer the opposite direction of motion. The researchers applied two novel approaches to examine this question, first charting the anatomical connections of functionally defined inhibitory neurons, and then using optogenetics (selectively activating inhibitory neurons with light) to map the source of inhibitory inputs to single excitatory neurons. In tandem, these techniques confirmed that inhibitory connections to excitatory neurons often originated from neurons that preferred the opposite direction of motion.</p> <p>Beyond disentangling the mechanism responsible for direction selectivity, these discoveries emphasize the flexible ways in which neural circuits can integrate excitatory and inhibitory inputs to build the variety of selective response properties critical for neural coding. Like doesn't always connect with like and excitation doesn't always match inhibition, but you can count on brain circuits to have evolved the combination of inputs necessary to ensure high levels of functional performance.</p> <p><br></p> </html> |
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projedeleted a comment or post
2018/08/07 20:58:27
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}mack-boteffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/06 23:23:33
mack-boteffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 23:23:33
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}projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/06 21:25:27
projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 21:25:27
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projepublished a new post: unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 21:25:27
| author | proje |
| body | <html> <p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWurKB493DETjXQQW1iQuyszXz8FgTmYi76DuVST7gzSD/image.png</p> <p><strong>Subthreshold direction selectivity is inherited from synaptic conductances when co-tuned. Differential tuning of excitation (Ge) and inhibition (Gi) can preferentially suppress excitation and enhance subthreshold selectivity. With differential tuning, inhibition can be either bidirectional or oppositely tunned for direction relative to excitation.</strong></p> <p><br></p> <p>Our brains do a remarkable job of encoding visual information about the world around us, providing an almost instantaneous report about rapidly changing conditions that is critical for guiding our behavior. Integral to the brain's encoding mechanism is the presence of neurons that respond selectively to specific visual features, generating electrical activity that reliably signals properties such as the orientation of edges, their position in space, and their direction of motion. 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The results for inhibition provided the team with another challenge to traditional thinking and a potential explanation for the puzzling input/output difference: In fact, the tuning of the inhibitory inputs did not match the excitatory inputs. For many neurons the strength of inhibition was greatest for the null direction of motion, suggesting that excitatory synaptic inputs to the null direction were being selectively dampened through inhibition.</p> <p>These findings predict that cortical inhibitory neurons make a substantial number of synaptic inputs to excitatory neurons that prefer the opposite direction of motion. The researchers applied two novel approaches to examine this question, first charting the anatomical connections of functionally defined inhibitory neurons, and then using optogenetics (selectively activating inhibitory neurons with light) to map the source of inhibitory inputs to single excitatory neurons. 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"body": "<html> <p>https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWurKB493DETjXQQW1iQuyszXz8FgTmYi76DuVST7gzSD/image.png</p> <p><strong>Subthreshold direction selectivity is inherited from synaptic conductances when co-tuned. Differential tuning of excitation (Ge) and inhibition (Gi) can preferentially suppress excitation and enhance subthreshold selectivity. With differential tuning, inhibition can be either bidirectional or oppositely tunned for direction relative to excitation.</strong></p> <p><br></p> <p>Our brains do a remarkable job of encoding visual information about the world around us, providing an almost instantaneous report about rapidly changing conditions that is critical for guiding our behavior. Integral to the brain's encoding mechanism is the presence of neurons that respond selectively to specific visual features, generating electrical activity that reliably signals properties such as the orientation of edges, their position in space, and their direction of motion. By using new tools to probe the principles of connectivity that neural circuits use to generate selective responses, scientists at the <strong>Max Planck</strong> Florida Institute for Neuroscience are gaining a host of new insights into the fundamental mechanisms underlying brain function.</p> <p>Understanding how neural circuits build response selectivity poses an enormous challenge since a single neuron receives thousands of synaptic inputs derived from other neurons and these inputs can differ in their response properties and how they can affect the neuron. Some inputs are excitatory, making the neuron more likely to generate an electrical signal, while others are inhibitory, reducing the likelihood that the neuron generates a signal. Somehow a neuron integrates all of these excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs to generate responses that are selective, a mysterious 'input/output transform' that has been the subject of intense research interest.</p> <p>Previous studies have suggested that there are some simple rules that govern excitatory and inhibitory functional connections. A prominent rule that has emerged for excitatory connections is the notion '<em>like connects with like.</em>' For example, in the visual cortex, neurons that respond selectively to a particular direction of motion are thought to receive their excitatory inputs from other neurons that respond selectively to the same direction of motion. An equally important rule has been postulated for inhibitory inputs: the idea that the properties of the inhibitory inputs a neuron receives match the properties of its excitatory inputs. Because of the '<em>matching rule</em>,' inhibitory inputs are thought to adjust the strength of the excitatory inputs, but not to alter the selectivity conveyed to the neuron by its excitatory inputs.</p> <p>Now in a recent publication in Nature, researchers in<strong> David Fitzpatrick's</strong> Lab, <strong>Daniel Wilson</strong>, Ph.D., and <strong>Benjamin Scholl</strong>, Ph.D., have accumulated multiple lines of evidence that challenge both of these principles, providing a new perspective on how circuits in visual cortex employ excitation and inhibition to generate neuronal responses that are selective for an object's direction of motion.</p> <p>MPFI researchers first needed a better picture of the direction selectivity supplied by a neuron's excitatory synaptic inputs. To do this they used in vivo two-photon microscopy to characterize the direction selectivity of individual excitatory synaptic inputs onto the dendrites of a neuron, comparing this with the neuron's overall direction preference. Surprisingly, what they discovered goes against the grain of traditional thinking. Although, many of the synapses aligned with the overall directional preference of the neuron, a large number were found to respond best to the opposite (null) direction of motion, a pattern of connectivity that contrasts sharply with '<em>like connects with like</em>' rule. They also noticed a conspicuous mismatch between the strength of a neuron's direction selectivity, and that predicted by its excitatory synaptic inputs. The degree of direction selectivity that the neurons exhibited was significantly greater than what would have been expected from such a broad range of excitatory inputs.</p> <p>To further probe the factor(s) responsible for this puzzling difference between the neuron's excitatory inputs and its output, they turned to a different set of experiments using in vivo whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology. This technique makes it possible to measure the total sum of synaptic inputs contributing to a neuron's response and to compare the contribution of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. The results for the excitatory inputs were consistent with the two-photon imaging data confirming a significant amount of excitatory input for both the preferred and the null direction of motion. The results for inhibition provided the team with another challenge to traditional thinking and a potential explanation for the puzzling input/output difference: In fact, the tuning of the inhibitory inputs did not match the excitatory inputs. For many neurons the strength of inhibition was greatest for the null direction of motion, suggesting that excitatory synaptic inputs to the null direction were being selectively dampened through inhibition.</p> <p>These findings predict that cortical inhibitory neurons make a substantial number of synaptic inputs to excitatory neurons that prefer the opposite direction of motion. The researchers applied two novel approaches to examine this question, first charting the anatomical connections of functionally defined inhibitory neurons, and then using optogenetics (selectively activating inhibitory neurons with light) to map the source of inhibitory inputs to single excitatory neurons. In tandem, these techniques confirmed that inhibitory connections to excitatory neurons often originated from neurons that preferred the opposite direction of motion.</p> <p>Beyond disentangling the mechanism responsible for direction selectivity, these discoveries emphasize the flexible ways in which neural circuits can integrate excitatory and inhibitory inputs to build the variety of selective response properties critical for neural coding. Like doesn't always connect with like and excitation doesn't always match inhibition, but you can count on brain circuits to have evolved the combination of inputs necessary to ensure high levels of functional performance.</p> <p><br></p> </html>",
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projedeleted a comment or post
2018/08/06 21:22:12
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}mack-boteffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/06 21:21:18
mack-boteffective vote applied for @proje / unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 21:21:18
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2018/08/06 21:21:18
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}projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/06 21:19:54
projeupdated options for unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 21:19:54
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}projepublished a new post: unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity2018/08/06 21:19:54
projepublished a new post: unconventional-connections-how-inhibition-hones-cortical-selectivity
2018/08/06 21:19:54
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projeclaimed reward balance: 0.013 HP
2018/06/01 10:31:36
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projesent 0.000 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.000 HP)
2018/05/29 17:28:57
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projesent 157.385 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.097 HP)
2018/05/22 17:28:57
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projesent 157.385 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.097 HP)
2018/05/15 17:28:57
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projesent 157.385 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.097 HP)
2018/05/08 17:28:57
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @arhersost / kyf-thmy-nfsk-dhd-amlyat-bamb-w-damb
2018/05/04 23:10:54
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}projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @kenmelendez / b37b7ed0-4a34-11e8-aa5b-83da28bb4ae32018/05/04 16:35:39
projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @kenmelendez / b37b7ed0-4a34-11e8-aa5b-83da28bb4ae3
2018/05/04 16:35:39
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2018/05/04 03:50:48
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @mers / meatballs-how-to-make-them-one-perfect-way-plus-the-blue-cheese-sauce
2018/05/03 22:07:06
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @litigious / banca-the-wall-street-on-blockchain
2018/05/03 18:22:24
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @brotherhood / fvxsk7zj
2018/05/02 13:00:54
| author | brotherhood |
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}projesent 157.385 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.097 HP)2018/05/01 17:28:57
projesent 157.385 VESTS to @luckdiver from power down installment (0.097 HP)
2018/05/01 17:28:57
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @cryptodelos / eeb1c2b0-46a7-11e8-a699-f3be07be675a
2018/04/30 04:02:39
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projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @cryptno / bullish-on-decentraland
2018/04/30 01:54:12
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2018/04/28 22:53:45
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"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
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}projeset power down withdrawal route to @luckdiver (100.00%)2018/04/28 11:18:03
projeset power down withdrawal route to @luckdiver (100.00%)
2018/04/28 11:18:03
| auto vest | true |
| from account | proje |
| percent | 10000 |
| to account | luckdiver |
| Transaction Info | Block #21960769/Trx eabe6b208cf2b8c8f1fc6675eb12b1433d84316b |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21960769,
"op": [
"set_withdraw_vesting_route",
{
"auto_vest": true,
"from_account": "proje",
"percent": 10000,
"to_account": "luckdiver"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T11:18:03",
"trx_id": "eabe6b208cf2b8c8f1fc6675eb12b1433d84316b",
"trx_in_block": 38,
"virtual_op": false
}2018/04/28 09:18:21
2018/04/28 09:18:21
| amount | 0.154 HIVE |
| from | proje |
| memo | goodbye |
| to | rock1 |
| Transaction Info | Block #21958375/Trx 8b15dc6fd80c4b36159c8a1ec763edb613b80595 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21958375,
"op": [
"transfer",
{
"amount": "0.154 HIVE",
"from": "proje",
"memo": "goodbye",
"to": "rock1"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T09:18:21",
"trx_id": "8b15dc6fd80c4b36159c8a1ec763edb613b80595",
"trx_in_block": 39,
"virtual_op": false
}projeclaimed reward balance: 0.019 HP2018/04/28 06:50:15
projeclaimed reward balance: 0.019 HP
2018/04/28 06:50:15
| account | proje |
| reward hbd | 0.000 HBD |
| reward hive | 0.000 HIVE |
| reward vests | 30.555843 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21955413/Trx 49b9b74bbbddf8206b3209133f8730d78cba55d9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21955413,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "proje",
"reward_hbd": "0.000 HBD",
"reward_hive": "0.000 HIVE",
"reward_vests": "30.555843 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T06:50:15",
"trx_id": "49b9b74bbbddf8206b3209133f8730d78cba55d9",
"trx_in_block": 32,
"virtual_op": false
}2018/04/28 03:21:12
2018/04/28 03:21:12
| delegatee | proje |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21951232/Trx e0caa75c566c3cf732576d59234f8bc3a3e01217 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21951232,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "proje",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 4,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T03:21:12",
"trx_id": "e0caa75c566c3cf732576d59234f8bc3a3e01217",
"trx_in_block": 13,
"virtual_op": false
}projeeffective vote applied for @angeltirado / u-c-v-art-school2018/04/28 01:35:33
projeeffective vote applied for @angeltirado / u-c-v-art-school
2018/04/28 01:35:33
| author | angeltirado |
| pending payout | 2.503 HBD |
| permlink | u-c-v-art-school |
| rshares | 567318849 |
| total vote weight | 667681 |
| voter | proje |
| weight | 541 (5.41%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #21949120/Trx a188d8e70b09cbee82429fe57ba0d6d34e6eaddc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21949120,
"op": [
"effective_comment_vote",
{
"author": "angeltirado",
"pending_payout": "2.503 HBD",
"permlink": "u-c-v-art-school",
"rshares": 567318849,
"total_vote_weight": 667681,
"voter": "proje",
"weight": 541
}
],
"op_in_trx": 1,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T01:35:33",
"trx_id": "a188d8e70b09cbee82429fe57ba0d6d34e6eaddc",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": true
}projeupvoted (100.00%) @angeltirado / u-c-v-art-school2018/04/28 01:35:33
projeupvoted (100.00%) @angeltirado / u-c-v-art-school
2018/04/28 01:35:33
| author | angeltirado |
| permlink | u-c-v-art-school |
| voter | proje |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #21949120/Trx a188d8e70b09cbee82429fe57ba0d6d34e6eaddc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21949120,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "angeltirado",
"permlink": "u-c-v-art-school",
"voter": "proje",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T01:35:33",
"trx_id": "a188d8e70b09cbee82429fe57ba0d6d34e6eaddc",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": false
}projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @pbgreenpoint / tips-for-starting-out-with-a-standing-desk2018/04/28 00:46:09
projereceived 0.001 HP curation reward for @pbgreenpoint / tips-for-starting-out-with-a-standing-desk
2018/04/28 00:46:09
| author | pbgreenpoint |
| curator | proje |
| payout must be claimed | true |
| permlink | tips-for-starting-out-with-a-standing-desk |
| reward | 2.036840 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21948132/Virtual Operation 4294967295:27 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 21948132,
"op": [
"curation_reward",
{
"author": "pbgreenpoint",
"curator": "proje",
"payout_must_be_claimed": true,
"permlink": "tips-for-starting-out-with-a-standing-desk",
"reward": "2.036840 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 27,
"timestamp": "2018-04-28T00:46:09",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": true
}Manabar
Voting Power95.04%
Downvote Power0.00%
Resource Credits100.00%
Reputation Progress0.00%
{
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": 9504,
"last_update_time": 1524879330
},
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 0,
"last_update_time": 1515494511
},
"rc_account": {
"account": "proje",
"delegated_rc": 0,
"max_rc": 2020748973,
"max_rc_creation_adjustment": {
"amount": "2020748973",
"nai": "@@000000037",
"precision": 6
},
"rc_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2020748973,
"last_update_time": 1546880817
},
"received_delegated_rc": 0
}
}Account Metadata
| POSTING JSON METADATA | |
| None | |
| JSON METADATA | |
| None |
{
"posting_json_metadata": {},
"json_metadata": {}
}Auth Keys
Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6Xxx4VuuoX58Y9ssbZxFTv3kfcduxw3HDd39pg5cdojTtdt1Bi1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM7qyToB8wczafviDJosG3hNtGfgKKSiU1jepVBE4BPq1aEeCR2e1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM6KM9K5vx4HSaeWhGvaEsuttRBTKKuwWpRaESUyesHRV1BzRMfR1/1
Memo
STM6VJZm3t2TPEpCVYoaxV6kW6aHCdcHRxXKcB7HkYMW6HDkyA98n
{
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6Xxx4VuuoX58Y9ssbZxFTv3kfcduxw3HDd39pg5cdojTtdt1Bi",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM7qyToB8wczafviDJosG3hNtGfgKKSiU1jepVBE4BPq1aEeCR2e",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM6KM9K5vx4HSaeWhGvaEsuttRBTKKuwWpRaESUyesHRV1BzRMfR",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"memo": "STM6VJZm3t2TPEpCVYoaxV6kW6aHCdcHRxXKcB7HkYMW6HDkyA98n"
}Witness Votes
0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]