{
  "block": 90672483,
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    {
      "amount": "0.002 HIVE",
      "from": "therealwolf",
      "memo": "Hey there xinta. I hope you don’t mind this short message, but I wanted to quickly share this update with you on my Hive-related work. For the past 7 years, I've been deeply committed to Hive, working on projects like hive.io, vessel, dhive & more to strengthen our community, while providing reliable witness infrastructure to secure our blockchain. Recently, I've released an upgraded witness toolkit (peakd.com/@therealwolf/major-hive-witness-essentials-upgrade-v2) and celebrated 7+ years on Hive (peakd.com/@therealwolf/year-8). If you'd like to support my work, I'd be honored to have your witness vote. Thank you! PS: You can vote for me here: peakd.com/witnesses",
      "to": "xinta"
    }
  ],
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  "timestamp": "2024-11-14T07:48:21",
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{
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    {
      "amount": "0.002 HIVE",
      "from": "howo",
      "memo": "Hey @xinta I am launching a new solo witness and am looking for support. If you are unfamiliar with what I do, I wrote a post announcing my witness here: https://peakd.com/witness/@howo/annoucing-my-solo-witness. The tl;dr is that I've been on Hive for 6 years and for the past 4 I've been working as a core developer meaning I'm working directly on the blockchain code to add features. You might have interacted with some of them already like RC delegations, recurrent transfers or more recently I've been working on updating communities (new update soon !). If you want to support me, could you vote for me as a witness ? You can do it on this page https://peakd.com/me/witnesses. Thank you !",
      "to": "xinta"
    }
  ],
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{
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      "memo": "Hi ! I've been a core developer on hive for three years now, working on features that are now powering the chain and improving user experience like RC delegations or recurrent transfers and currently wrapping up some features that will go live in hard fork 27. I'm also hosting the monthly core dev meeting. I would like to carry on working for hive for a fourth year. I am looking for support on my renewed proposal as the current one will expire soon. It's the same deal as the last one. Could you review it and maybe vote on it if it's worth your support ? https://peakd.com/me/proposals/261 Thanks a lot !",
      "to": "xinta"
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      "amount": "0.001 HIVE",
      "from": "earn.hive",
      "memo": "Did you know that you can get rewarded for your witness vote? Cast your witness vote on @earn.hive and start to receive HIVE tokens everyday.",
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      "memo": "Hi, I have been working for the past two years as a core developer on hive. I worked on a lot of things last year some which went live in hard fork 25 already or will go live soon with hard fork 26. To name a few, RC delegations, recurrent transfers or communities V2. I would love to continue working on hive for a third year on the next hard fork, communities and everything else. I am looking for support on my renewed proposal as the current one will expire soon. Could you review it and maybe vote on it if it's worth your support ? https://peakd.com/me/proposals/214 Thanks a lot !",
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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @xinta! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@xinta/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Steem Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@xinta) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=xinta)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "author": "contrabourdon",
      "body": "@xinta Here's my rendition of this piece :) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8ZUaPZ-DzU",
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      "body": "@@ -1,8 +1,5 @@\n-An o\n+O\n rgan\n@@ -3,18 +3,16 @@\n gan and \n-a \n piano ar\n",
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      "author": "xinta",
      "body": "An organ and a piano are very different. In case you haven't ever heard a (pipe) organ, try  listening to this famous piece: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ho9rZjlsyYY",
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      "body": "Quasi dimenticavo: la prossima settimana, più precisamente il 26 maggio dalle 7 alle 23, si vota per il rinnovo del parlamento europeo. \n\n> Si vota per eleggere i deputati che andranno a comporre il Parlamento europeo per i prossimi cinque anni e rappresenteranno gli interessi dei cittadini dell'Unione europea.\n\nCosì dicono: gli interessi dei cittadini dell'Unione europea… Ci concedono questo parlamento, che carini.\n\n> Il Parlamento europeo è l'unica istituzione europea i cui membri sono eletti direttamente dai cittadini […]\n\nCi sono due possibili approcci al voto europeo:\n\n- Non votare\n- Votare\n\nPer le elezioni nazionali dico sempre che bisogna andare a votare. Sempre. Anche per scarabocchiare la scheda, ma bisogna andare a votare.\n\nLe democrazie europee sono il frutto di un percorso storico, sono imperfette ma sono un equilibrio sorto dalla contrapposizione di forze e circostanze storiche. Non sono **macchinazioni nate a tavolino**, come è il caso dell'UE.\n\nQuindi è perfettamente lecito respingere questo “stato” senza territorio, è lecito persino considerarlo alla stregua di una nazione straniera (senza territorio) che sta provando a conquistarci, cioè a un'entità ostile.\n\nHanno persino messo la maschera della democrazia quando hanno provato a far votare la costituzione “europea”, che è stata sonoramente bastonata. Quindi hanno smesso di proporla ai cittadini e l'hanno incorporata nei trattati internazionali, la forma preferita usata per costruire l'UE. Una scelta “fortunata”, visto quant'è difficile per i processi democratici interferire con tali trattati internazionli…\n\nQuesto punto di vista estremo, chiamiamolo così, giustifica la scelta del non voto, perché andando a votare si legittimerebbe l'esistenza di questo progetto **sovversivo** — sovversivo in quanto sta alterando l'ordine democratico degli stati membri, trasformando la natura delle loro costituzioni e sottraendo loro sovranità.\n\nUn punto di vista diverso è quello dice che sì, l'UE non è bella, ma un'UE diversa **partendo da quella che già c'è** è possibile. Questo punto di vista giustifica il voto, proprio perché ha senso andare a votare per far andare nel parlamento dell'UE persone che spingono per il cambiamento necessario.\n\nPoi c'è ancora un altro punto di vista che giustifica il voto: quello dell'“europeismo” convinto.\n\nSecondo me non possono esistere persone sane di mente che siano anche “europeiste” convinte, cioè che pensano che questa UE sia veramente l'unione europea (notate le minuscole!) a cui devono ambiri gli stati che sorgono sul continente europeo.\n\nScrivo “europeo” tra virgolette per ricordare che l'Europa, il continente, e i suoi stati, non c'entrano: l'UE ha fagocitato l'aggettivo e diciamo “europeismo”, per esempio, ma leggiamo “promozione e supporto di **questa** UE”.\n\nUn sincero europeismo, cioè la “promozione e il supporto” degli stati che sono sul continente Europeo, non può che guardare con sospetto a quel carrozzone chiamato UE.\n\nPensando alla geopolitica mi viene in mente quanto è vicina la Russia e quanto sarebbe importante per l'Europa intrattenere con essa più solide e stabili relazioni — tra l'altro sapevate che in realtà parte del territorio russo è effettivamente sul continente europeo, e che comunque, pur essendo questa parte più piccola rispetto a quella asiatica, essa è la più popolata e lì si concentrano la maggior parte delle attività economiche e politiche?\n\nInvece dobbiamo barcamenarci tra la necessità di avere relazioni decenti con i russi e la sudditanza agli “Alleati” americani che sono, anche dopo la fine della Guerra Fredda che in realtà non è mai finita ma si è solo assopita per potersi trasformare e modernizzare, i loro arcinemici e s'indispettiscono se gli stati europei sono troppo gentili con i russi. L'UE ha avallato pure le sanzioni contro la Russia, per motivi legati all'egemonia americana, non certo perché è nel migliore interesse europeo nel medio e lungo periodo.\n\nPer questo e altri motivi gli “europeisti“ convinti non possono che essere insani, per un motivo o per l'altro. Non vuol dire che sono cattivi: la maggior parte di loro forse si è solo fatta abbindolare dalla retorica pro-UE, così bella, così da cartone animato per bambini… Sono appunto bambini in corpi adulti…\n\nPoi ci sono gli “europeisti” convinti e che sono parte del problema; un esempio su tutti che mi viene in mente adesso è la Bonino.\n\nOra, fatemi mettere da parte questa triste categoria e fatemi pensare un po' a quelli del voto per il cambiamento.\n\nVogliono cambiare l'UE dall'interno… ma chi sono questi che sarebbero in grado di farlo?\n\nI movimenti euroscettici hanno perso la loro spinta iniziale. Indossano ancora i loro mantelli da supereroi, ma purtroppo sono stati già assorbiti, sono diventati ingranaggi.\n\nPenso alla Lega, che è sistemica da molto tempo ormai, e penso al Movimento Cinque Stelle, che ha perso il suo *movimentismo* entrando in parlamento e si è trasformato in una forza politica come altre, almeno sulla questione UE. (Secondo alcuni non è mai stata euroscettica; altrove, anche all'estero, continuano a dipingerli come euroscettica e antisistema; penso che sia una strategia mediatica, l'esatto obiettivo mi sfugge ma dal punto di vista dell'elettorato non è affatto una cosa positiva.)\n\n**Non c'è modo di vincere questa battaglia usando gli strumenti messi a disposizione dallo stesso potere che si vorrebbe combattere**.\n\nIl potere ha imparato da secoli ad assorbire e gestire il dissenso. Ha imparato che in realtà è necessario che esista un certo **dissenso endemico**. E ha imparato a manipolarlo per i suoi fini. Per esempio anche per mantenere quella parvenza di diversità senza la quale stenteremmo a credere di essere *liberi*.\n\nFate caso però a quanto prepotentemente emerge il *problema* della libertà d'espressione quando un'*espressione* bollata come controversa raggiunge *troppe* persone *troppo* rapidamente, cioè quando non è sotto controllo. Ci stanno già preparando per stringere qualche vite e sigillare qualche porta: purtroppo vedo sempre più spesso, proprio tra le file di chi potrebbe diventare in futuro vittima, sostenitori della limitazione di diverse libertà sulla base del fatto che in questo modo ne risulterebbe una società migliore, più sana, più sicura. Quanti si accorgeranno di essere **liberi solo perché sono irrilevanti**?\n\n\n## Vi ricordate le elezioni “europee” del 2014?\n\nNel 2014 il PD prese un incredibile 40.81%. Un risultato eccezionale ottenuto anche grazie all'aiuto di Berlusconi, che in pratica fece campagna elettorale a loro favore (apparentemente per limitare l'ascesa del M5S e impedirne una vittoria che poteva essere problematica per gli equilibri europei).\n\nAnche a questo giro hanno provato a fare qualcosa di simile, ma ancora non hanno capito se gli conviene puntare i cannoni su Salvini o su Di Maio, cioè sulla Lega o sul M5S.\n\nPer questo stanno provando diverse strategie.\n\nDa una parte sottolineano costantemente le difficoltà di convivenza di queste due forze politiche nel governo. Questo è un punto morbido in cui è probabile l'affondo di una coltellata e perciò è diventata una costante.\n\nDa un'altra parte lanciano gli allarmi di razzismo, fascismo, crollo dei valori occidentali e altre cose del genere. Questo è per andare contro la Lega, più che altro.\n\nContro il M5S il solito tema dell'incompetenza, che ci stanno trascinando nel baratro perché inetti, incapaci e con idee pericolose come il reddito di cittadinanza, buoni solo a dire no. Sono i classici sempreverdi, insieme a dire a ogni occasione che il M5S sta perdendo terreno. Lo sento dire almeno dal boom del 2013.\n\nNel tentativo di compattare il centro destra e far tornare la Lega nel recinto dove giocherebbe a fare da spalla alla rinata Forza Italia, Berlusconi sfodera contro i Cinque Stelle una versione addolcita delle sue famose accuse di comunismo: presenta il M5S come forza di sinistra. E la Meloni gli fa eco. Tutto per allontanarla dalla Lega o, più esattamente, per allontanare la Lega dal M5S.\n\nGli elettori sprovveduti intanto si confondono: per Berlusconi e Meloni il M5S è di sinistra, per la sinistra il M5S è fascista o comunque destrorso, per il M5S il M5S non è né destra né sinistra, come diceva anche Macron per il suo En Marche, peraltro senza beccarsi l'accusa di fascimo — perché *gli storici denoialtri* dicono che né destra né sinistra era uno slogan fascista, quindi chi lo dice deve essere fascista…\n\nInsomma, c'è un bel po' di confusione, come al solito.\n\nAllora chi votare?\n\nNel dubbio, forse hanno ragione quelli che non andranno a votare.\n\nSe dovessi andare a votare, ho solo la certezza che non darò il voto al PD o qualunque forza politica che mostri o abbia mostrato entusiasmo per l'UE.\n\nLa vedo dura.\n\n\n![burning-UE.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQma6UTFbydnwvtDyPzQQ4h5pu5KmzXwZPf8hVrisLYykgh/burning-UE.jpg)",
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      "body": "![007-title.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRcXPVu9xhwNNPxFJfwtfvSSp38xQYnms5x2oekTYN4VF/007-title.png)\n\n\n# Generics\n\nAda has generics. I don't know about Ada of the ancient time, and I don't care — as programmer on the edge of exploration, I don't care about old revisions of a language, unless I have to maintain old code bases. (For example I've been stuck with C++03 and couldn't use C++17 features in my everyday job code.)\n\nOther languages has generics in these modern days: Java, C++ (templates), and several others.\n\nSyntax differences apart, what's peculiar in Ada is that Ada tends to need the programmer to be explicit in many thing: most of the time he has to express in plain sight what he wants to do and how.\n\nSo, Ada generics must be instantiated explicitly and you need to assign a name to them.\n\nYou can do generic packages as well as generic functions and procedures.\n\nFormal parameters for the generic are typed, of course, and can be specified so that the client (the programmer using the package, procedure or function) must use the proper type.\n\n\n## Generic subprograms and packages\n\nLet's roll an example:\n\n```ada\n   generic\n      type T is (<>);\n      N : in T;\n      with function \"*\" (A, B : T) return T is <>;\n   function Multiplier (X : T) return T;\n```\n\nWhat does it mean?\n\nWe are declaring a generic function `Multiplier`, which takes a single parameter of type `T` and return something of type `T` again.\n\nThe type T is\n\n```ada\ntype T is (<>);\n```\n\nWhich simply means that `T` can be any discrete type. Discrete types are integers, modular types, and enumeration. In our little exploration of [Ada's types](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-3-exploring-types) I've mentioned modular types (let's call the Ada way into unsigned integers), but didn't show an actual examples, and enumerations too.\n\nLet's recall these last two.\n\nAn example of modular type could be a byte. In Ada you can define the Byte type as follow:\n\n```ada\ntype Byte is mod 256;\n```\n\nIn modular arithmetic, the last value plus one is the first value. It is like a clock.\n\nAn enumeration is, well, an enumeration. We've seen the `Character` type. Its syntax is fairly simple:\n\n```ada\ntype Month is (January, February, March, ...);\n```\n\nGiven a certain value of an enumeration, we go to the next as shown below:\n\n```ada\nEnumeration_Type'Succ (Enum_Variable);\n```\n\nUsing the attribute `Prec` we go to the previous value.\n\nBack to the generics.\n\nWhen we'll instantiate the generic function, will use one of these kind as argument, because it is how the generic function is declared.\n\nNext line of the generic specification is\n\n```ada\nN : in T;\n```\n\nThis generic parameter is called `N`, is of type `T`, and looks like `in` parameter — we also say that it is, in fact, an `in` parameter.\n\nThe last line of the generic specification is\n\n```ada\nwith function \"*\" (A, B : T) return T is <>;\n```\n\nWe can pass functions to a generic. In this case we call this function as the binary operator `*`: it takes two T in input and spits out another T. The final `is <>` is quite interesting. It means roughly this: if you don't specify the function when you instantiate the generic, then look for a default for `*` given in the scope of where the generic has been instantiated.\n\nThe function's implementation will be:\n\n```ada\n   function Multiplier (X : T) return T is\n   begin\n      return N * X;\n   end;\n```\n\nNow let's try to instantiate this function:\n\n```ada\n   function Double_It is new Multiplier (Integer, 2);\n```\n\nThis is how we instantiate the generic `Multiplier`, so that `T` is an `Integer` and `N` is 2. We don't give a function `*` and the surrounding scope has already one (because in fact we can alraedy multiply two integers…)\n\nTherefore we can use the `Double_It` function like this:\n\n```ada\n R : Integer := Double_It (10);\n```\n\nThe variable `R` will hold 20.\n\nIf we try to instantiate the function with an incompatible type, we obtain a compile time error. For example, if we write\n\n```ada\nfunction Double_It is new Multiplier (Float, 2.0);\n```\n\nthe compiler stops and says: *expect discrete type in instantiation of \"T\", instantiation abandoned.*\n\nLet's try with this instead:\n\n```ada\n   type Num is (Zero, One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six);\n   function Double_It is new Multiplier (Num, Two);\n```\n\nThere isn't any problem with the type and the value Two, but unfortunately the surrounding scope doesn't have the function `*` for that type.\n\nWe can write one, like this (it must be before the instantiation):\n\n```ada\n   function \"*\" (A, B : Num) return Num is\n   begin\n      if Num'Pos (A) * Num'Pos (B) <= Num'Pos (Six) then\n         return Num'Val (Num'Pos (A) * Num'Pos (B));\n      else\n         return Six;\n      end if;\n   end;\n```\n\nGiven an enumeration type E, `E'Pos (NAME)` gives the number corrisponding to the “position” of the value NAME (for Num, `Zero` has position zero, for example), and `E'Val (N)` is the opposite: it gives the value at position N.\n\nWe don't need to use the operator as the name of the function. The following works perfectly:\n\n```ada\n   function Star_Op (A, B : Integer) return Integer is\n   begin\n      return A * (B + 1);\n   end Star_Op;\n   \n   function Strangeness is new Multiplier (Integer, 1, Star_Op);\n```\n\nIt is a good idea to use meaningful names for the generic arguments, and use them when instantiating. This clarifies the use especially when the generic arguments are more than one or two.\n\nIn the given example, names are too short, likely, to be qualified as acceptable. Anyway, our instantiation can be written like this:\n\n```ada\n   function Strangeness is new Multiplier (T   => Integer, \n                                           N   => 6, \n                                           \"*\" => Star_Op);\n```\n\nIn the generic function specification we should have use something more like `Value_Type` instead of `T`, and `Multiplication_Factor` instead of `N`.\n\nThe following table shows several kind of formal parameters for generics:\n\n\ntype|explanation\n---|---\n`type T is private`|Any *copiable*, definite type, also it doesn't need an initial value; most of the time you want to use this\n`type T is (<>)`|Any discrete type: integer, modular, enumeration\n`type T is range <>`|Any signed integer\n`type T is mod <>`|Any modular type\n`type T is delta <>`|Any non-decimal fixed-point type\n`type T is delta <> digits <>`|Any decimal fixed-point type\n`type T is digits <>`|Any floating point type\n`type T (<>) is private`|Any *copiable* type, definite or indefinite\n`type T (<>) is limited private`|Any type, copiable or not, definite or indefinite\n`type T (<>) is tagged private`|Any copiable, non-abstract tagged type\n`type T (<>) is new Parent`|Any non-abstract type derived from Parent.\n`type T (<>) is new Parent with private`|Any non-abstract type derived from tagged type Parent\n`type T (<>) is tagged limited private`|Any non-abstract tagged type, copiable or not\n`type T (<>) is abstract tagged private`|Any copiable tagged type, abstract or non-abstract\n`type T (<>) is abstract tagged limited private`|Any tagged type, abstract or not, copiable or not\n`type T is array (I) of E`|Any array type with index type I and elements' type E.\n\n![ada-formal-type-generics.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmW6c3hTcvyn6tBVwWenVBh9rHu1nxNxtt94LJREG6z2LH/ada-formal-type-generics.png)\n\nAbout types, we have just scratched the surface with a [previous lesson](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-3-exploring-types). These lessons aren't meant to cover every details — for those, you need a full-featured tutorial, or dig into the sites promoting Ada, where they also [list resources](https://www.adaic.org/learn/materials/) and you can also [download the standard](http://www.ada-auth.org/arm.html) — not an easy reading, but everything's there!\n\nHere a quick, not necessarily exact, tour to make sense of the table above.\n\nThink of `<>` (the diamond) as whatever.\n\nThe keyword `limited` means a type can't be copied (you can't do `A := B`), but in the context of a generic it means it can or it can't. We've seen it in the [lesson on the OO](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-5-object-oriented-paradigm).\n\nThe `tagged` type in Ada are those type on which the object orientation is built on. See [the fifth lesson](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-5-object-oriented-paradigm). In there I've also covered the `abstract` part. In the generic, it means the type can be abstract, not that it must be abstract.\n\nThe rest is mostly syntax. For example `private` means just that the generic doesn't know other details about the type, just those expressed by the rest of the clause.\n\nIn the [Ada 2012 Reference Manual](http://www.ada-europe.org/manuals/LRM-2012.pdf), chapter 12 (Generic Units), you can read other examples.\n\nWe can learn also a little bit of nomenclature: things like our `N` are called **formal objects**; when we have a type, it's called **formal type** — it's easy; the functions, or procedures, are called **formal subprograms**. When we “create” a specific **instance** of a generic package or subprogram, that's called **instantiation**, as you have already deduced.\n\nThe types or subprograms or object of a specific instantiation are called **the actuals**. Thus, in our `Double_It`, `Integer` and `2` are the actuals.\n\n## Standard generic package\n\nA typical usage of generics is in the containers of the Ada standard library. In these cases we have a generic package. For example *Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists*. And we instantiate it like this:\n\n```ada\npackage Ints is new Ada.Containers.Doubly_Linked_Lists (Integer);\n```\n\nNow we can have lists of integers:\n\n```ada\nA_List : Ints.List;\n```\n\nDon't forget that `Ints` it's an instance of a (generic) package, so it is, indeed, a package, not a type. That's why we need to write `Ints.List`.\n\nHere it is [the specifications of the generic package for the doubly linked lists](https://www.adaic.org/resources/add_content/standards/12rm/html/RM-A-18-3.html).\n\nWriting a generic package isn't very much different than writing a generic subprogram. You start with `generic`, followed by your formal types and objects and subprograms, then you can write the package as usual.\n\n```ada\ngeneric\n   type Element_Type is private;\npackage Elements_List is\n   -- ...\nend;\n```\n\nThis could be how a custom container package begins.\n\nAnother usage is shown for the IO subprograms. We have `Ada.Text_IO`, but it's `Put` works just for Strings. What about integers?\n\nHere how it can be done in code:\n\n```ada\n   package Int_IO is new Ada.Text_IO.Integer_IO (Integer);\n   use Int_IO;\n```\n\nSince that lines, the subprogram `Put` (and others) is **overloaded** so that it accept an Integer as input.\n\nIt is a very common need, so there are already these package that you can `with` (and `use`) when you need to output integer or others as text:\n\n```ada\nwith Ada.Integer_Text_IO; -- integer types\nwith Ada.Float_Text_IO;   -- float types\n```\n\nIf you don't use `use`, you have to write `Ada.Integer_Text_IO.Put`; so, likely you will `use` it somewhere. \n\nBoth\n\n```ada\nuse Ada.Integer_Text_IO;\nuse Ada.Float_Text_IO;\n```\n\nmakes visible a subprogram called `Put` (among others). That is, now `Put` is overloaded so that it can accept strings, integers and floats.\n\n\n# Overloading subprograms\n\nOverloading is often presented altogether with object oriented paradigm, **but it is a separated concept**. Ada had subprogram overloading *before* it embraced the object oriented paradigm!\n\nHere I talk about *overloading outside the OO world*. This is something which is done **statically**, at compile time: there's no need for runtime support. Thus it is different from *dynamic dispatching*, which works only on the first argument (explicit or implicit), i.e. on the object, to select the correct method of the correct “level” of the hierarchy of classes, and it is done at runtime. This wil be shown better in future lessons.\n\nBasically we can talk of *overloading* of subprograms when the names of several subprograms are the same, but the types of their parameters are not.\n\nLanguages like C++ and Java distinguish functions or methods only by their parameters. Ada does it considering also the return value!\n\n```C++\nint do_something(int i);\nint do_something(double i);\n```\n\nThese two C++ functions are different, but have the same name `do_something`. They return an `int`, and you **can't** add the following:\n\n```C++\ndouble do_something(int i);\n```\n\nThis conflicts with the previous declaration.\n\nAda thinks differently and the following is good:\n\n```ada\n   function Do_Something (A : Integer) return Integer;\n   function Do_Something (A : Integer) return Float;\n```\n\nWhich one will be actually called depends on the context of the call.\n\nThis\n\n```ada\nA : Integer := Do_Something (10);\n```\n\nwill call the first version; this\n\n```ada\nF : Float := Do_Something (10);\n```\n\nwill call the second version, because it's the one matching the type of the returned value.\n\nYou must pay attention to subtypes, though.\n\n```ada\n   subtype Alfa_Type is Integer range -10 .. 100;\n   subtype Beta_Type is Integer range -101 .. -11;\n   \n   function Do_Something (A : Alfa_Type) return Beta_Type is\n   begin\n      Put_Line (\"Alfa_Type returns Beta_Type\");\n      return (if A <= 0 then A - 11 else -A);\n   end;\n```\n\nThis gives **error** at compile time (**duplicate body**), because `Alfa_Type` and `Beta_Type` are, from the point of view of the type system, integers (i.e., they are of type `Integer`, even if range restricted), and we have already covered that case!\n\nIf we create a brand new type, instead, the we can do it:\n\n```ada\n   type Alfa_Type is new Integer range -10 .. 100;\n   type Beta_Type is new Integer range -101 .. -11;\n   \n   function Do_Something (A : Alfa_Type) return Beta_Type is\n   begin\n      Put_Line (\"Alfa_Type returns Beta_Type\");\n      return Beta_Type (if A <= 0 then A - 11 else -A);\n   end;\n```\n\nI've changed `subtype ... Integer ...` in `type ... new Integer`, and then we need an explicit conversion in the return statement. Now we can play with overloading `Do_Something` with the combination of `Alfa_Type` and `Beta_Type` and anything else!\n\nProcedure can be overloaded as well, of course.\n\n```ada\n   type Salute_Type is (Hello, Bye);\n   type Work_Type   is (Light, Heavy, Routine);\n   \n   procedure Do_Action (A : Salute_Type); -- (A)\n   procedure Do_Action (A : Work_Type);   -- (B)\n   \n   -- ... implementation ...\n   \n   -- ... use example ...\n   Do_Action (Hello); -- call (A)\n   Do_Action (Heavy); -- call (B)\n```\n\n\n# Code\n\nAs usual I am putting some test code [on github](https://github.com/xeenta/learning-ada).\n\nFor this lesson, take a look at [007](https://github.com/xeenta/learning-ada/tree/master/src/007).\n\n- [dll.adb](https://github.com/xeenta/learning-ada/blob/master/src/007/dll.adb): example of use of the standard generic package `Doubly_Linked_Lists`. It also shows the syntax `for E of L` for iterating over the elements of a container, and alternate use of the *dot* syntax already described in [lesson 5](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-5-object-oriented-paradigm) in *A matter of syntax*.\n- [generics.adb](https://github.com/xeenta/learning-ada/blob/master/src/007/generics.adb): playing with a generic function, overloading of instances of a generic function, instantiation of generic package, and you can learn also something about enumeration\n- [overlo.adb](https://github.com/xeenta/learning-ada/blob/master/src/007/overlo.adb): properly on overloading of subprograms **outside the OO world** (static overloading), addressing the quirk with subtypes, and showing that the overloading is done considering the return type too.\n\n\n# Previous lessons\n\nIn order to make it easier to track back to older lessons, here a list of the current lessons you can read.\n\n- [Hello world, basic greeter package, citing contract based programming, aspects, SPARK…](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-1-hello-world-basic-greeter-package-citing-contract-based-programming-aspects-spark)\n- [more on packages, naming conventions, and bits of types](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-2-more-on-packages-naming-conventions-and-bits-of-types)\n- [exploring types](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-3-exploring-types)\n- [predicates](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-4-predicates)\n- [object oriented paradigm](https://steemit.com/ada-lang/@xinta/learning-ada-5-object-oriented-paradigm)\n- [tasking](https://steemit.com/programming/@xinta/learning-ada-6-tasking)\n\n\n# Useful links\n\n- [Ada Programming wikibook](https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Ada_Programming)\n- [Ada information clearing house](https://www.adaic.org/)\n- [Ada conformity assessment authority](http://www.ada-auth.org/)\n- [Ada Europe](http://www.ada-europe.org/)\n- [Adacore](https://www.adacore.com/) is a company promoting Ada. Check the [GNAT Community Edition](https://www.adacore.com/download) and their [learn Ada subdomain](https://learn.adacore.com/)",
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