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      "body": "Hello! For budget-conscious shoppers, Walmart becomes a top choice due to its affordable prices. Everyone who visits their store will certainly find the product they need, and the quality of the product will be good, for which they are highly appreciated by many customers. Among their large assortment of products, it is sometimes difficult to find everything you need, and in this case, <a href=\"https://walmart.pissedconsumer.com/customer-service.html\">walmart customer service</a> employees will be useful, who are always nearby and ready to help with quality advice.",
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      "body": "http://amazonasatual.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/supermercado.jpg\n\n        The word “anarchy”, in its simplest definition, means government absence. Its simplicity is similar to the simplicity of the definition of atheism, which means a lack of belief in a god. There are many more things in common between these two concepts, but this would be a topic for another post. What I want to address here is how anarchy, seen in its simplest definition, is present in various interactions and voluntary organizations. \n\n\tContrary to what common sense says, anarchy would not generate chaos and destruction. Believe in that is to believe that the only reason the humans have to stay alive and to auto-preserve is because there is a government that forces them to do so. Instead, real life shows abundant examples of how anarchy generates organization in society. Yes, anarchy generates organization. An example of this fact can be seen in a supermarket. A supermarket works with people organizing with themselves voluntarily, according to their selfish interests. There are no laws, nor any guarantee imposed by the state that there will be people willing to produce and selling food, clothing, electronics, appliances, cleaning supplies and other multitude of products that are sold there. There is no guarantee that people will plant vegetables on farms, raising cattle, transport these to distribution centers, from these centers to supermarkets, arrange the products on shelves, and other endless activities that would allow these products to be available in one place for people to acquire them. Absolutely all the steps that allow someone to get a product in a supermarket is the result of voluntary interaction between individuals. The state does not force these interactions, they occur spontaneously. So it can be said that all this occurs in an anarchic way, i.e., without the presence of the state. Ironically, in countries where the state interferes with this arrangement significantly (as Venezuela, North Korea - countries that close and nationalize supermarkets) there is a lack of food. In African countries, which suffer with wars between proto-states, voluntary interactions that generate the availability of food is also prevented, which also creates hunger and chaos. It is ironic to imagine that, contrary to what the statists think, is the anarchy that generates welfare and organization, while the state is a chaos generator. \n\nhttp://www.mises.org.br/images/articles/2016/Maio/Venezuela/saqueos-venezuela_0.jpg\nA supermarket in Venezuela\n\n\t  The same demonstration of anarchy seen in the supermarket can be seen on the internet and in various technologies that have emerged in it: peer-to-peer services (Uber, Grabr, Airbnb), cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin, Monero), social networks (Facebook, Steemit) and messaging applications (Whatsapp and Telegram) are examples. As in the case of the supermarket, the government did not force or guarantee the emergence of these technologies. On the contrary, governments often try to prevent these technologies to exist and to develop, through bizarre laws.\n\n\tTo consider that the welfare that these technologies created were provided by government is as ridiculous as saying “thank god” when doctors heal a patient. There is much in common between statist and religious people. In fact, we can say that statism, i.e., the belief that the state is required to organize humanity, is itself a religion. People who call themselves atheists and believe in this myth are not really atheists. I intend to make a more specific post on this subject. For now, for those who want to know more about this idea, I recommend the amazing book \"The Most Dangerous Superstition\" by Larken Rose.",
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      "parent_permlink": "anarchism",
      "author": "billcrypton",
      "permlink": "how-selfishness-can-lead-to-cooperation-the-selfish-gene-theory-and-human-cooperation",
      "title": "How Selfishness Can Lead To Cooperation: The Selfish Gene Theory And Human Cooperation",
      "body": "<p><img src=\"https://userscontent2.emaze.com/images/31d3d7ac-b0c8-4b19-88da-38ac824c6de0/2793cfb9-b9e5-42e8-acb7-7f3196037756.jpg\" /></p>\n<p>The book “The Selfish Gene”, written by the biologist Richard Dawkins, brilliantly summarizes an idea that would change the way that evolutionary processes would be seen. This idea is based on the fact that the natural selection &quot;acts&quot; on the genes, so the genes that confer their holders advantages over other beings survive, and are passed on hereditarily. So, to make a more didactic explanation, Richard Dawkins says that genes are selfish because they would “act” only in order to survive and multiply, trying to spread as many copies of themselves in future generations. However, to achieve their selfish goals, the genes have to cooperate with other genes within living beings. This complex relationship between various selfish genes results in different organisms, with their natural tendencies to fight for survival and procreate. Seen in this way, the living beings would be mere puppets of the genes, used solely as a means of transporting genes to future generations. The genes survive in copies within the new puppets created, while the old puppets die.</p>\n<p><br />\nThus, individuals also have the selfish goals to survive and to procreate. But for this, they often must cooperate with others to increase the chances of achieving their goals. Examples of these cooperation abound in nature, just watch a few minutes of National Geographic to see animals of different species cooperating in groups in any activity that increases their chances to survive and to procreate. A careless look at these scenes could lead one to think that animals are cooperating for the sake of its species survival, but the only motivation for this cooperation comes from the selfish interests of individuals, which comes from the selfish interests of their genes.</p>\n<p> <br />\nBased on the premise that individuals are selfish, we can think about the question: why the trees are large and have several meters high instead of being as low as bushes? The answer is because they grow in order to compete for sunlight with each other. If there was a collective mind of all the trees, they could  decide to have the same low size. Thus, all could get sunlight, no one would shadow the other, and the species would benefit as a whole. But it is obvious that this is not what happens. Being irrational, trees can not decide to stop growing. There is absolutely nothing to prevent the emergence of a mutation that makes a tree grow a little more than others and benefit more from this condition than their neighbors. The trees grow because of competition, there is no progress for the good of the species, but for the good of the individuals and their genes.</p>\n<p><br />\nNow, many people think that this reasoning can not be applied to humans, because they say that man must act for the good of society, the nation, or any abstract entity representing a group. And that is a big mistake. Despite humans being able to create laws and try to plan the economy aiming that all men, as the trees of the hypothetical forest, &quot;have the same size&quot; (have equal opportunities, rights and wealth), there is absolutely nothing to prevent the emergence of humans who try to take advantage of the conditions in which they are to increase their well-being and wealth according their selfish interests. So the socialists are wrong in trying to prevent the growth of personal wealth, with its measures that end up making everyone equally poor. People with governmental power will use it to satisfy their selfish desires, and not for the good of society, because men are, as any other living thing, selfish.</p>\n<p><br />\nBeing selfish, humans respond to incentives in order to increase their well-being. In a civilized and peaceful society, there must be only constructive incentives, which do not diminish the welfare of others. A great incentive for this to happen is to make possible the free market, without any restriction to it. In a free market, people trade goods in order to improve their conditions. In an exchange of goods for money between two human beings, both end up cooperating, even though they are acting solely for their selfish goals, to increase their personal satisfactions. The two sides, at the end of trading, increase their satisfaction over the previous period. It is a win-win situation - the person who bought the product gladly accepted to exchange his money for the goods; the seller agreed to exchange the goods for money. </p>\n<p><br /></p>\n<p>In a society that prohibits cooperation and free trade, the only incentives that individuals have to improve their conditions are theft and coercion. Those who have the power can easily steal the rest of the population, which has few ways to increase their welfare. There is only one way out for those who are at the base of this pyramid: to join the government team and steal the rest of the population. This is one reason why socialism does not work and generates violence and suffering to their populations. </p>",
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      "body": "The only true and viable form of anarchism is anarcho-capitalism. Anarcho-socialism is a contradictory mess.",
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      "body": "\"Bitcoin will do to banks what email did to the postal industry\" - Rick Falkvinge",
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      "title": "7 Bitcoin network effects that makes its value increase",
      "body": "<html>\n<p><img src=\"http://www.insiderfinancial.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/Two-Bitcoins.png\" width=\"920\" height=\"526\"/></p>\n<p>What is a network effect?&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br>\nA network effect is a externality caused by an increase in use of a technology. A network effect can be positive, when it causes an increase in the value of a technology, or negative, when it decreases it. An example of a technology that created a lot of positive network effects is the Internet. In the beginning, it was used only by the military community, therefore, it had a limited user base. As more users were gaining access to this technology, more websites were created, and more people were able to communicate with each other by the Internet. That increased the Internet value. However, the increasing use of the technology can also cause a negative externality, such as a decrease in speed that occurs in some websites when they receive many visitors. That would be an example of a negative network effect.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>Bitcoin network effects</p>\n<p>Trace Mayer, an Austrian economist and Bitcoin expert, lists 7 network effects that happen with the increasing adoption of bitcoins. All these effects happen simultaneously, and have the potential to increase the value and the number of users of that cryptocurrency, in a retro-feeding virtuous cycle. Here is the list:<br>\n</p>\n<p>- Speculation</p>\n<p>It happens when the people buy bitcoins aiming to sell them for a higher price in the future. They can also buy bitcoin as a safe have investment, like gold. The facilitators of the speculation process are the exchanges, which enable trading bitcoins for another currencies, and the wallets, which provides a safe storage of the bitcoins.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>- Merchants</p>\n<p>Because speculators have bitcoins, companies start to accept bitcoins. Thousands of companies, such as Dell and Microsoft, already accept bitcoins as payment currency. Bitpay is an example of a platform that facilitates bitcoin payments.<br>\n</p>\n<p>- Consumers</p>\n<p>Because many companies start accepting bitcoins as a payment currency, the people start using bitcoins to buy their products. An example of a service that allows buying products with bitcoins is Purse.io. This platform allows buying Amazon products by trading bitcoins for gift cards. Purse.io enables saving 15% off Amazon with bitcoins.<br>\n</p>\n<p>- Miners</p>\n<p>The increase in value of bitcoins attracts miners, which ensure the correct functioning of bitcoin transactions among users. Today, bitcoin mining network is the network with the biggest processing power of the world. That turns the bitcoin transactions extremely safe.<br>\n</p>\n<p>- Developers</p>\n<p>The companies tend to develop softwares that are compatible with the safest blockchain protocol, and with the ones with more users. Therefore, Bitcoin tends to attract the best and biggest tech entrepreneurs to its blockchain.<br>\n</p>\n<p>- Financiers</p>\n<p>When Bitcoin rise in popularity, it starts to gain financial tools like other currencies, like futures, puts and calls. Financial institutions become interested &nbsp;by the technology, offering loans and investment in bitcoins. The Winklevoss brothers Bitcoin ETF is an example of that.</p>\n<p><br></p>\n<p>- World reserve currency</p>\n<p>Every government in the world have international reserves in US Dollar, which is the current world reserve currency. Because Dollar is the most used currency in the world, it is used to precify commodities in the global market. The countries also maintain these reserves to be able to export without paying conversion fees. Maybe one day bitcoins could be used as world reserve currency. One small scale example of bitcoin being used as reserve occurs by the Liquid protocol. This sidechain allows exchanges to trade bitcoins among them, keeping a bitcoin reserve for these trades.<br>\n</p>\n<p>Conclusion</p>\n<p>Considering all these factors, one may ask: will another cryptocurrency overcome Bitcoin network effects? Trace Mayers consider this highly unlikely, due to the fact that Bitcoin was a first mover that accumulated these effects a lot earlier and in bigger scale than any other cryptocurrency. If the Bitcoin positive network effects will surpass the negatives ones, which according to part of the Bitcoin community, threaten the future of the cryptocurrency, only time will tell. But the future of Bitcoin looks promising.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><br>\nReferences:&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/network-effect.asp\">http://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/network-effect.asp</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"http://www.runtogold.com/\">www.runtogold.com</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/CrushTheStreet\">https://www.youtube.com/user/CrushTheStreet</a>&nbsp;</p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCllXn7E-SJ2L5WoXzaarCSA\">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCllXn7E-SJ2L5WoXzaarCSA</a></p>\n</html>",
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