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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-bluetegu-20191230t122729000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @bluetegu! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@bluetegu/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@bluetegu) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=bluetegu)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "body": "The cost of the setup above is high. Especially the memory part, which charges $50 for 500G per month.\nSince the LN node eventually doesn't use the btcd Bitcoin node, there is no need for such a large disk. I believe 8G is enough, and also a micro instance with 1G RAM is enough for LN. \nDecreasing memory in AWS is a pain. I used MATT BERTHER's 'How to Resize AWS EC2 EBS volumes' for that, but make sure to take the advice in the comments.\nThe other more troubling aspect is the payment for data traffic. I got charged almost $60 for the last month, with around 800GB download. I suspect that it was mostly new Bitcoin nodes asking for download of the whole blockchain.\nTo try and limit the possible traffic I added maxuploadtarget=144 to bitcoin.conf and restarted the daemon. This limits the number of full-blockchain downloads in a smart way. I'm hoping this will keep the bills somewhat sain.",
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      "title": "Lighting Network: Import the topology to the Neo4j Graph database",
      "body": "@@ -8689,24 +8689,16 @@\n version \n-use the \n follow t\n",
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      "title": "Lighting Network: Import the topology to the Neo4j Graph database",
      "body": "@@ -8643,12 +8643,883 @@\n t the guide.\n+%0A%0A## Installing %0A%0ATo install this version use the follow the instructions of the LND project, but use the neo4j branch from my repository.  My detailed installation instructions %5Bhere%5D(https://steemit.com/lightning/@bluetegu/lightning-network-get-your-sticker-a-detailed-howto) may be helpful. %0A%0A%60%60%60%0Aubuntu@x:~$ git clone https://github.com/bluetegu/lnd $GOPATH/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd%0Aubuntu@x:~$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd%0Aubuntu@x:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ git checkout neo4j%0ABranch neo4j set up to track remote branch neo4j from origin.%0ASwitched to a new branch 'neo4j'%0Aubuntu@x:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ %0Aubuntu@x:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ dep ensure%0Aubuntu@x:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ go install . ./cmd/...%0Aubuntu@x:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ %0A%60%60%60%0A%0A%0A%60%60%60\n",
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      "body": "@@ -1250,16 +1250,27 @@\n tegu/lnd\n+/tree/neo4j\n ) and in\n",
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      "permlink": "lighting-network-import-the-topology-to-the-neo4j-graph-database",
      "title": "Lighting Network: Import the topology to the Neo4j Graph database",
      "body": "# Overview\n\nEach node in the Lightning network use channel discovery to create and maintain a local view of the network's topology, so that it can discover routes to desired destinations. Source-routing is utilized in order to give nodes full control over the route their payment follows within the network. Routes are selected based on total cumulative fee and other criteria. Route selection algorithms is an area of active research. \n\nGraph databases are optimized to represent a set of nodes connected to each other by relationships, and for queries that transverse the graph, i.e. start from a (set of) specific nodes and search for patterns across the graph, and in particular to find paths between two nodes, i.e. for route calculations. Neo4j is one of the prominent open source Graph database out there. See [What is a Graph database?](https://neo4j.com/developer/graph-database) and [From Relational to Neo4j](https://neo4j.com/developer/graph-db-vs-rdbms) for more details.\n\nHere we describe how to export a node's local view of the network topology to a Neo4j database.  The Lightning Network Daemon ([LND](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd)) implementation is used. The branch is currently available [here](https://github.com/bluetegu/lnd) and includes three components:\n1. A new command added to the command line tool **lncli** to create a snapshot of the channels database (the node's local view of the network's topology)\n\n1. A new command line tool **lnneo4j** to import the snapshot to the Neo4j database\n\n1. A tutorial LN guide that can be loaded on the Neo4j browser to investigate the Lightning Network snapshot.\n\nThis is work in progress, and hopefully some of this will be useful enough to be merged to the main LND code. Comments, corrections and contributions are welcomed.\n\n # Examples\n\nThese examples are taken from the LN guide (item 3 above) for the Neo4j browser. \n\nGraph databases use the Cypher query language (similar to SQL in relational databases). [Cypher](https://neo4j.com/docs/developer-manual/current/cypher/) is a declarative graph query language that allows for expressive and efficient querying and updating of the graph store. The first example uses the following query:\n\n`MATCH p = (s:LNNode)-[*1..3]-(n:LNNode) WHERE s.alias = \"FederalReserve\" AND ALL (c IN relationships(p) WHERE c.capacity > 10000000) RETURN DISTINCT n, s LIMIT 20`\n\nThe query looks for all nodes connected to the 'FederalReserve' node with 'fat' channels with capacity larger than 0.1BTC up to 3 hops away. It selects all paths up to 3 hops from the node, and filters those paths without enough capacity. The Neo4j browser displays the results graphically below.\n\n![neo4jfatpipes3-federalreserve.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTBexBveU4ZC1n5gzgnGivYGeduaqRtW4zsqxcZB4hF6N/neo4jfatpipes3-federalreserve.png)\n\nThe browser allows you to modify the query and resubmit it, which is ideal for experimentation. [Neo4j Cypher Refcard](https://neo4j.com/docs/cypher-refcard/current/) may be useful for that.\n\nThe second example uses the build-in shortest path query to calculate all the shortest paths between the the node LN.BLUETEGU.CC and the Blockstream Store node. The query used is:\n\n`MATCH (s:LNNode { alias: 'SLEEPYARK-6-11-21-2612-gf083a699' }),(t:LNNode { alias: 'LN.BLUETEGU.CC' }), p = allShortestPaths((s)-[:CHANNEL*]-(t))\n WHERE ALL (c IN relationships(p) WHERE c.disabled = false)\n RETURN p`\n\n\nAnd the resulting graph (after some manual stretching) looks as follows:\n\n![allshortestpaths-bluetegu-blockstream.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQme5o1uXfAXraabLScBuxiv1aZMiK6x8Y3txAnUnjBk62a/allshortestpaths-bluetegu-blockstream.png)\n\nNote that the browser has limitations; it is slow to present graphs with many nodes and relationships, and hence its always advised to add a **LIMIT** clause. It has a built in limit on the number of nodes it retrieves, and in order to present graphs, it 'complements' queries to get information about relationships between nodes, even if you don't include those in the **RETURN** clause. \n\n# Try it yourself\n\nInstalling Neo4j is straight forward, so it shouldn't be too hard to span an instance, take a snapshot of the channels database and import it to Neo4j, and run the guide through the browser. But at least for a limited period, you can try out the browser at my server at: \n\n`http://ln.bluetegu.cc:7474/browser/`\n\nAnd use user 'guest' and password 'guest'.  Unfortunately the open source edition of Neo4j doesn't allow controlling access per user so the guest user can also modify or delete data, so please play nice, and understand that the server may be down or slow. Below is the login screen.\n\n![neo4jbrowserlogin.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYGFBNjtv5riy1mLRX1usEq8VhWoaWZzWuwRN7VJVGuwa/neo4jbrowserlogin.png)\n\nOnce in, you have several guides you can run. If you press 'Jump into Code', you'll see two guides. You can run the 'Movie Graph' guide that walk you through Cypher basics. No need to do the 'Create' commands, as the database will probably be already populated with the movie graph nodes. Similarly, no need to do the  'Drop' command at end. Below is a screen capture of the available guides.\n\n![neo4jjumpintocode.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdBqytKzR8nYGstoz5yEHdPsZKQdc9X9zEJ4mNbcA2HXL/neo4jjumpintocode.png)\n\nYou can run the Lightning Network guide, by entering the following play command and pressing run (like any other command on the browser):\n\n`:play http://ln.bluetegu.cc:80/html/ln.html`\n\nTo start the Lightning Networks guide. The first page of the guide looks as follows:\n\n![neo4jguide1.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmf5vDRVMTW5wfvyAJCxuwDtZDoykjXRZJLsguNXVo7gDS/neo4jguide1.png)\n\n# Technical Details\n\n## Creating snapshots\n\nThe command to create a snapshot of the channels database is:\n\n`$ lncli snapshotchannels`\n\nIt creates, or overwrites the previous snapshot of the channels database at **[lnddir]/snapshot/graph/[network]/channel.db**. For example, **~/.lnd/snapshot/graph/mainnet/channel.db** in Linux when the Bitcoin mainnet network is used.\n\n## Importing to Neo4j\n\nThe Neo4j command line tool first empties the Neo4j database from previous snapshot, and then imports the nodes and channels to the Neo4j database. The tool has the following configuration options:\n\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lnneo4j --help\nNAME:\n   lnneo4j - import a snapshot of your channel databse to neo4js\n\nUSAGE:\n   lnneo4j [global options] command [command options] [arguments...]\n   \nVERSION:\n   0.1.1 commit=\n   \nCOMMANDS:\n     help, h  Shows a list of commands or help for one command\n\nGLOBAL OPTIONS:\n   --lnddir value   path to lnd's base directory (default: \"/home/ubuntu/.lnd\")\n   --network value  either mainnet, testnet, simnet, regtest, etc. (default: \"mainnet\")\n   --neouser value  neo4j user for authentication (default: \"neo4j\")\n   --neopass value  neo4j password for authentication. Required unless neo4j authentication is disabled, e.g. dbms.security.auth_enabled=false is set in neo4j.conf\n   --neohost value  neo4j hostname (default: \"localhost\")\n   --neoport value  neo4j port number (default: \"7687\")\n   --help, -h       show help\n   --version, -v    print the version\n ```\n\\\nWhen run, it provides the following output. Note that it takes a while for the import process to complete:\n\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lnneo4j -neopass <password>\n[lnneo4j] 15615 nodes and channels deleted.\n[lnneo4j] Added 2313 detailed nodes and 6 nodes known only by public key.\n[lnneo4j] Added 6541 bi-directional channels, 314 uni-directional channels and 0 channels without edges dropped.\nubuntu@ln:~$ \n```\n\\\nNodes are assigned the **LNNode** label. A node for which an announcement was received is also labeled with **Detailed** label. The following properties are modelled per detailed node:\n* pubKey\n* alias  \n* addresses\n* color\n* lastUpdate\n\nOnly open channels are included in the database (not pending or waiting-to-close). Channels are modelled as **CHANNEL** relationships with the following properties:\n* channelID\n* capacity\n* lastUpdate\n* disabled\n* minHTLC\n* feeBaseMsat\n* timeLockDelta\n* feeRateMilliMsat\n\n## Neo4j Guide\n\nThe guide is written according to [Create a Custom Neo4j Browser Guide](https://neo4j.com/developer/guide-create-neo4j-browser-guide). In particular, the guide is written in adoc format, and is compiled to html form. The minimal set of files required for the compilation of the guide from the [neo4j-guides repository](https://github.com/neo4j-contrib/neo4j-guides) are copied to the project. The readme.doc at **/lnd/cmd/lnneo4j/guide/readme.adoc** includes all  details on how to edit, compile and host the guide.",
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      "body": "Got them! Nice touch on the envelope.\n![Blockstreamstickers.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVqZ7BgEtnzUNpwdyobPn8Pv1qbKorXG7Ga8jDHRUjUgX/Blockstreamstickers.jpg)\n![Blockstreamenvelope.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmP91t9T8JecoWa9F3ETSahgDLxpDMUhCRe5hjVM8xQe3d/Blockstreamenvelope.jpg)",
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      "permlink": "lightning-network-get-your-sticker-a-detailed-howto",
      "title": "Lightning network: get your sticker, a detailed howto.",
      "body": "## Overview\n\nI document how to setup a Lightning node on mainnet and purchase a sticker from Blockstream's store. This is not necessarily the recommended approach, the cheapest or most efficient one. The figure below describes the final setup.\n\n![ln-setup1.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTMNiH2m5iTdimmkXqXrRHHbZC4BAK7L5oWHnLB69cVxm/ln-setup1.png)\n\nThe setup is composed of  two AWS virtual machines, one running Bitcoin's core node, *bitcoind*, and one running Lightning Lab's node, *lnd*. A Lightning channel to a well connected LN node (FederalReserve) is opened, which facilitates the payment of the invoice (QR code) provide by Blockstream's store.\n\nPlease comment so I can improve the tutorial. \n\nAll commands shown on servers are run on top of the terminal multiplexer tmux. \n\n## Setup\n### Setting up the VMs\nI use two VMs, one for running the lightning node *lnd* and the special 'roastbeef' branch of the Go Bitcoin daemon *btcd* (which I didn't use eventually), and one for Bitcoin's core *bitcoind* server. \n\nIf you don't have an account with Amazon's AWS, open one and add a payment method. Login to the AWS console.\nSelect the region you'd like to install the servers on the right top of the AWS amazon (N. Virginia in my setup).\nSelect the EC2 service on the services menu to open the EC2 dashboard. Here we do 3 things; define a security group, add two VMs (instances) and buy two Elastic IPs. \n\nSelect the *Security group* section, add a security group, and add rules until you get something similar to:\n\n![ln-policy-group.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdN2C6njXzurCrHYCSM6SmFy4XcVBRuQENnA4Qg1tzw3g/ln-policy-group.png)\n\nBTC and LN ports are necessary to communicate with the nework. RPC and ZMQ ports are for local communication between your LN and BTC servers, therefore can be left out if you run a single VM running both.\nIt is not a good practice to leave RPC and ZMQ ports open for everyone to connect. To close those, it is possible to define a Network Access List. I left that for later. Give the group a meaningful name, e.g. 'LN and BTC network'. \n\nSelect the *Instances* section, and launch an instance for the LN node. Choose 'Ubuntu Server 16.04 LTS (HVM), SSD Volume Type' AMI. Select 'General Purpose' t2.small instance type. This is the cheapest instance type that has 2G memory, the minimum recommended for running *bitcoind*. Leave the instance details at their default. Choose to 'Add Storage' and change the default (8G) to 500G. The Blockchain size is over 160G and we need at least twice. No need to add tags in 'Add tags'. Select the security group created before on the 'Configure Security Group' step. Select Launch the instance. Before launching it'll ask you to select and existing pair or a new key pair. Create a new key pair and save the downloaded pem file as *ln.pem*. The instance will then start the launch process. To easily identify the instance, add a name for the instance by inline editing the 'Name' left most column of the instance in the instance list (e.g. LN node).\n\nSelect the *Elastic IPs* section and allocate new address. Select the address and select *Associate address* from the action menu. Associate the IP address to the new instance created.\n\nRepeat this process for the second VM for the BTC node. You can reuse the key pair if you wish. \n\n### Setup domain names\nIts not mandatory to have a domain name associated with your servers. I purchased bluetegu.cc domain through [Namecheap](https://www.namecheap.com). Namecheap are cheap, accept payments in Bitcoin, and are easy to use. I moved the actual domain name work to AWS, using their Route 53 domain name service.\nFrom AWS' services menu select Route 53 under 'Networking & Content Delivery' section. Select 'Hosted Zones' and 'Create Hosted Zone'. Add the domain name (bluetegu.cc) and create a public hosted zone.  An NS (Name Server) and SOA records will be created automatically. Create A records for both ln.bluetegu.cc and btc.bluetegu.cc, mapping each to its Elastic IP.  Add an A record for the domain itself, pointing to one of the Elastic IPs (at this point not really important which). \nUse [How can I change the nameservers for my domain?](https://www.namecheap.com/support/knowledgebase/article.aspx/767/10/how-can-i-change-the-nameservers-for-my-domain) to set Route 53 names servers as the names servers of the bluetegu.cc domain. Basically its selecting the DOMAIN tab on namecheap for the domain, changing 'Nameservers' to 'Custom DNS', and copying the name servers from AWS to the list here. In AWS Route 53 screens, select the domain name (don't go into the record details) and the list of nameservers are available on the right.\nIt takes a few minutes for the domain names to propagate across the Internet. \n\n### Setup access to servers\nThe pem key file downloaded from AWS should be used to access the servers. To easily access the servers without referencing the pem file each time, shortcuts should be added to the ssh configuration. The commands below are for unix. Similar commands are available for window-based or Mac-based machines. \nMove the downloaded key file and make sure its read only by the system.\n```\nronc@laptop:~/.ssh$ mv ~/Downloads/ln.pem .\nronc@laptop:~/.ssh$ chmod 400 ln.pem\n```\nNow add entries mapping the domain name to its IP and the pem file for each of the servers in config file in this directory.\n```\nronc@laptop:~/.ssh$ tail -n 5 config\n\nHost ln.bluetegu.cc  *.bluetegu.cc\n  HostName 18.233.54.241\n  User ubuntu\n  IdentityFile \"~/.ssh/ln.pem\"\n```\nOnce its done you should be able to open a terminal (ssh) or copy files from/to the servers (scp) mentioning only their domain names.\n```\nronc@laptop:~$ ssh btc.bluetegu.cc\nWelcome to Ubuntu 16.04.4 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-1052-aws x86_64)\n\n * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com\n * Management:     https://landscape.canonical.com\n * Support:        https://ubuntu.com/advantage\n\n  Get cloud support with Ubuntu Advantage Cloud Guest:\n    http://www.ubuntu.com/business/services/cloud\n\n8 packages can be updated.\n0 updates are security updates.\n\n\n*** System restart required ***\nLast login: Wed Apr 11 11:45:40 2018 from 109.186.111.9\nubuntu@btc:~$ \nubuntu@btc:~$ tmux attach -t 0\n```\nTwo things to note here. The server prompt by default is not *btc*, rather it'll be the IP address assigned to it. Its quite confusing to have the internal IP addresses as the prompts. Fortunately its easy to change the prompt as described [here](https://aws.amazon.com/premiumsupport/knowledge-center/linux-static-hostname/).\n\nChange the loopback hostname:\n```\nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ sudo vim /etc/hosts\nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ \nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ head -n 2 /etc/hosts\n#127.0.0.1 localhost\n127.0.0.1 btc.bluetegu.cc\n```\nChange the hostname:\n```\nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ sudo vim /etc/hostname\nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ cat /etc/hostname\nbtc.bluetegu.cc\n```\nUse hostname without restart:\n```\nubuntu@ip-172-31-80-222:~$ sudo hostname btc.bluetegu.cc\n```\nexit and ssh again, and now the prompt is:\n```\nubuntu@btc:~$ \n```\nOnce this is set, use tmux to multiplex terminals to each server, and run all commands over tmux. The tmux command 'tmux attach -t 0' reattached the already open tmux session. Learn to love tmux; its great.\n\n## Installation\n\n### BTC node\n\nInstalling Bitcoin's core on Ubuntu is a breeze. it is well documented on [Running a full node](https://bitcoin.org/en/full-node) Add the repository and install it. No need for the GUI part. All commands are entered over tmux.\n```\nubuntu@btc:~$ sudo apt-add-repository ppa:bitcoin/bitcoin\nubuntu@btc:~$ sudo apt-get update\nubuntu@btc:~$ sudo apt-get install bitcoind\n```\n\n*bitcoind* options can be controlled through a bitcoin.conf configuration file. [Running Bitcoin](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Running_Bitcoin#Bitcoin.conf_Configuration_File) explains the available options. The bitcoin.conf in linux should be placed in ~/.bitcoin/ . It is not automatically created if you run the daemon. Create the file and add something similar to the commands below\n\n```\nubuntu@btc:~/.bitcoin$ tail -n 14 bitcoin.conf\ndaemon=1\n# Enable RPC\nserver=1\nrpcbind=0.0.0.0\n# Must list IP addresses (subnets) that are allowed to access RPC\n# Unfortunately rpcallowip doesn't support hostnames (rpcallowip=ln.bluetegu.cc) \n# hence Elastic IP of LN node must be specified here explicitly\nrpcallowip=18.233.54.241\nrpcuser=<YOUR RPC USERNAME>\nrpcpassword=<YOUR RPC PASSWORD>\nzmqpubrawblock=tcp://0.0.0.0:28332\nzmqpubrawtx=tcp://0.0.0.0:28332\ntxindex=1\n```\nSet the RPC username and password, and change the IP address of LN node accordingly. The rpcallowip is not needed if you run *bitcoind* together with *lnd* on the same node.\n \nbitcoin-cli is a command line tool to access *bitcoind* daemon (through RPC). The list of available commands can be found [here](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Original_Bitcoin_client/API_calls_list). In particular the daemon is stopped via the bitcoin-cli interface:\n```\nubuntu@btc:~/.bitcoin$ bitcoind\nBitcoin server starting\nubuntu@btc:~/.bitcoin$ bitcoin-cli stop\nBitcoin server stopping\n```\nAs well as getting basic status, e.g. figuring out the current block height (check if synchronized)\n```\nubuntu@btc:~/.bitcoin$ bitcoin-cli getblockchaininfo | head\n{\n  \"chain\": \"main\",\n  \"blocks\": 518447,\n  \"headers\": 518447,\n  \"bestblockhash\": \"0000000000000000001a604a691af594c65dd8dd86d35ff75215b8ee09e823b8\",\n  \"difficulty\": 3839316899029.672,\n  \"mediantime\": 1523865116,\n  \"verificationprogress\": 0.999989053864647,\n  \"initialblockdownload\": false,\n  \"chainwork\": \"0000000000000000000000000000000000000000018380ba95e0067cdbd9a690\",\n```\n\nNote though that LN commands, even those commands that eventually are fulfilled by the Bitcoin daemon are all controlled via the LN node and its cli, so there isn't a real need to get familiar with the bitcoin-cli for the purpose of LN operations.\n\n### LN node\nInstallation and other relevant information are available on Lightning Lab's site [installation guide](https://dev.lightning.community/guides/installation/)  and [release notes](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/releases/tag/v0.4.1-beta). All commands are entered over tmux.\n\nInstall Golang to usr/local:\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ mkdir tmp\nubuntu@ln:~$ cd tmp\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ wget https://dl.google.com/go/go1.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ sudo tar -C /usr/local -xzf go1.10.linux-amd64.tar.gz\n```\nSet the path to golang globally (as su and exit mode at end) by adding golang.sh file.\n```\nubuntu@ln:/etc/profile.d$ sudo su\nroot@ln:/etc/profile.d# vim golang.sh\nroot@ln:/etc/profile.d# cat golang.sh \n#!/bin/sh\nexport PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin\nroot@ln:/etc/profile.d# exit\nubuntu@ln:/etc/profile.d$ source golang.sh \n```\nAdd $GOPATH by editing .bashrc file. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ vim .bashrc \nubuntu@ln:~$ tail -n 4 .bashrc \nexport GOPATH=~/go\nexport PATH=$PATH:$GOPATH/bin\n\nubuntu@ln:~$ source .bashrc \nubuntu@ln:~$ echo $GOPATH\n/home/ubuntu/go\n```\n\nGet *lnd* Lightning node code:\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ git clone https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd $GOPATH/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd\nubuntu@ln:~$ cd $GOPATH/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd\n```\n\nGet (new) dependency manager, *dep*, and run it to get all *lnd* dependencies\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ go get -u github.com/golang/dep/cmd/dep\nubuntu@ln:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ dep ensure\n```\n\nCompile code (takes a while...)\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/go/src/github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd$ go install . ./cmd/...\n```\n\nYou can use git pull to update the code, and rerun dep and the installation to update *lnd*. \n\n*lnd* options can be controlled through a lnd.conf configuration file. A sample configuration file is available [here](https://github.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/blob/master/sample-lnd.conf).  Copy the sample file and make similar changes to the ones below to connect it to the *bitcoind* daemon. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ mkdir .lnd\nubuntu@ln:~$ cd .lnd\nubuntu@ln:~/.lnd$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/lightningnetwork/lnd/master/sample-lnd.conf\nubuntu@ln:~/.lnd$ cp sample-lnd.conf lnd.conf\n```\n\nNow edit the various configuration such that the following options are set:\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/.lnd$ diff sample-lnd.conf lnd.conf | grep '>'\n> externalip=ln.bluetegu.cc\n> alias=LN.BLUETEGU.CC\n> color=#003366\n> ; bitcoin.simnet=1\n> bitcoin.mainnet=1\n> ; bitcoin.node=btcd\n> bitcoin.node=bitcoind \n> bitcoind.rpchost=btc.bluetegu.cc\n> bitcoind.rpcuser=<YOUR RPC USERNAME>\n> bitcoind.rpcpass=<YOUR RPC PASSWORD>\n> bitcoind.zmqpath=tcp://btc.bluetegu.cc:28332 \n```\nNote that the settings supports using hostnames instead of explicit IP addresses, which is nice. externalip, alias and color are not mandatory. I did not enable autopilot and similar. \n\nlncli is a command line tool to access *lnd* process (through RPC). Use \"lncli --help\" to get a list of available commands and options.\nThere isn't much point in running *lnd* before it can be connected to a synchronized Bitcoin node. Running and further setup of *lnd* is documented in a later section (after sync).\n\nInitially I thought of using *btcd* as the Bitcoin node, so below are the installation instruction for it too, although I haven't used it yet with the LN network.\n\nInstall older dependency manager, glide: \n```\nubuntu@ln:~/go$ go get -u github.com/Masterminds/glide\n```\n\nInstall *btcd* (relevant roastbeaf and dependencies):\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ git clone https://github.com/roasbeef/btcd $GOPATH/src/github.com/roasbeef/btcd\nubuntu@ln:~/go$ cd src/github.com/roasbeef/btcd\nubuntu@ln:~/go/src/github.com/roasbeef/btcd$ glide install\nubuntu@ln:~/go/src/github.com/roasbeef/btcd$ go install . ./cmd/...\n```\n\n*btcd* options can be controlled through a btcd.conf configuration file. A sample configuration file is available [here](https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blob/master/sample-btcd.conf).\nbtcctl is a command line tool to access *btcd* process (through RPC). Use \"btcctl -l\" to get a list of available commands.\nThe minimal configuration files I am using include only the RPC username and password.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/.btcd$ cat btcd.conf \n[Application Options]\nrpcuser=<YOUR RPC USERNAME>\nrpcpass=<YOUR RPC PASSWORD>\n\nubuntu@ln:~/.btcd$ cat btcctl.conf\n[Application Options]\nrpcuser=<YOUR RPC USERNAME>\nrpcpass=<YOUR RPC PASSWORD>\n```\n\nFor LN to work btcd should be run with the --txindex. \n\n## Blockchain sync\n### Overview\n\nBefore LN node can start operating, it has to have access to a fully synchronized Bitcoin node. This step can be frustrating. What I eventually did was install *bitcoind*, Bitcoin core's implementation, and let it sync with the network for 4 days. Initially I planned to use *btcd*, as it supports also LN light client, the neutrino mode, and various other LN specific optimization, but synchronization took so long to complete that I ended up using *bitcoind* instead.\n\nI document below the synchronization of both *btcd* and *bitcoind*. I had several failed attempts to synchronize both,  each attempt took hours to several days before I realized its going nowhere, which added to the frustration.\n\n![7587865942_76679d8450_z.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNNg3nRkHk15ZHS45qMhvcAucfkSFfx7Lnh4CDefN9iWa/7587865942_76679d8450_z.jpg)\nPicture by [Dez](https://www.flickr.com/photos/botunda/)\n\n### Download or Sync\nThe blockchain size is over 160GB. If you simply hook up your new Bitcoin node it'll request from its peers the entire +160G. Both *bitcoind* and *btcd* implementations support initial bootstraping using a file that contains the blockchain data from the genesis block through a relatively recent one, leaving only few GB of recent blocks to be actively synced from the network.\n\nThe approach differs though. For *btcd*, [bootstraping](https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd/blob/master/docs/using_bootstrap_dat.md) an addblock utility is used to import the blocks from a file to the database. You don't need to worry that someone tampered with the bootstrap file, as the \"addblock utility verifies every block using the same rules that are used when downloading the block chain normally through the Bitcoin protocol\". \n\n*bitcoind* doesn't have a special utility for import, rather you can [simply copy the database files](https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Data_directory) from the bootstap files to the *bitcoind*'s home directory, and it'll work from there. Unlike btcd, here you must have full trust in the bootstrap files \"The database files in the \"blocks\" and \"chainstate\" directories are cross-platform, and can be copied between different installations. These files, known collectively as a node's \"block database\", represent all of the information downloaded by a node during the syncing process. In other words, if you copy installation A's block database into installation B, installation B will then have the same syncing percentage as installation A. This is usually far faster than doing the normal initial sync over again. However, when you copy someone's database in this way, you are trusting them absolutely. Bitcoin Core treats its block database files as 100% accurate and trustworthy, whereas during the normal initial sync it treats each block offered by a peer as invalid until proven otherwise.\" \n\n### Synchronizing *btcd*\n\nI started out setting *btcd* per LN documentation and tried to sync to the network.  I monitored the advance of the block height and soon enough advance almost halted. I googled and found an issue and discussion on slow sync [here](https://github.com/btcsuite/btcd/issues/1024).  The title of the issue is \"Bad sync peer stalls sync\". It describes situations were bad or malfunctioning peers halt the sync process. It is suggested there to limit the number of peers and manually connect to a trusted peer, etc. Other reasons for slow sync are discussed in this issue as well. Since the issue was not resolved, I decided to try out the bootstrap approach instead. In hindsight I don't think that was the problem for my sync, as I got the same crawling synchronization using the bootstrap file attempt, as described below.\n\nI got the bootstrap file from [Blockchain download](https://www.blockchaindownload.eu/). I selected bootstrap.rar (for btcd), paid around $5.5 in Bitcoin and got instructions,  file signatures and a download link. \n\n![Screenshot from 2018-03-28 06:55:39.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmZDbM8swiSYqCQZJJxWcHDRChmiiPsrZMWp7Q1r8xNxe1/Screenshot%20from%202018-03-28%2006%3A55%3A39.png)\n\nI downloaded the giant file and started importing using addblock (see detailed instructions below). At the beginning blocks were added in a rapid pace, yet after a while the rate trickled to approximately 2 block per 10 seconds. 7days later it finished import at block 513601. Unfortunately, the instruction I followed for importing the blocks did not include creating a transaction index, and hence once I started the daemon with transaction indexing enabled (required for LN), it started indexing the imported blockchain data for another 5 days, and then synchronized the rest of the blocks online for another 2 days.\nThis convinced me that the slowness of synchronization is not related to network affects, its an implementation issue handling big data. I'm going to guess here that its related to the SQlite database. The guess is based on a [comment from 2013 by Dave Collins](https://blog.conformal.com/btcd-not-your-moms-bitcoin-daemon/) explaining the database optimization they did in order to improve performance. I think that further optimizations are required.\n\nHere are the detailed commands I used:\n\nBlockchaindownload provide a torrent link to download the file. Something of the sort:\nhttps://www.blockchaindownload.eu/download-btcd-bootstrap-rar/?gourldownload_file=<A number here>\n\nSince the file is huge, it should be download directly to the server. I downloaded the torrent file, moved it to the server, and used a torrent client to download it to the server.\n\nMoving the torrent file from local Download folder to move it to the remote server:\n```\nronc@laptop:~/Downloads$ scp btc.bootstrap.rar.torrent [email protected]://home/ubuntu/tmp/btc.bootstrap.rar.torrent \nbtc.bootstrap.rar.torrent                                                                                                                     100%  142KB 142.0KB/s   00:00    \n```\n\nInstall aria2 torrent client and use it to download the file to the tmp directory. Create the tmp directory if not already created. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ sudo apt install aria2\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ aria2c btc.bootstrap.rar.torrent \n```\nThe download takes +3 hours. aria provides progress report. Once done, cntr-C once to exit. \n\nVerify that file's checksum is as written on the download page\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ sha256sum btc.bootstrap.rar\n57a98efa8f51298c9c13f0c41b2a3f8660dab7aad275a09aa348939c07a46bab  btc.bootstrap.rar\n```\n\nUnpack\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ sudo apt-get install unrar\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ unrar x btc.bootstrap.rar \nCreating    btc.bootstrap                                             OK\nCreating    btc.bootstrap/bootstrap                                   OK\nExtracting  btc.bootstrap/bootstrap/hashlist.txt                      OK \nExtracting  btc.bootstrap/bootstrap/bootstrap.dat                     OK \nExtracting  btc.bootstrap/bootstrap/hashlist.txt.sha256.txt           OK \nExtracting  btc.bootstrap/bootstrap/bootstrap.dat.sha256.txt          OK \nAll OK\n```\n\nAnd import to the database\n**Note: you may want to use --txindex option here to create the transaction index during import and save time when running the daemon. If you do, please share your experience in the comments**\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ $GOPATH/bin/addblock -i btc.bootstrap/bootstrap/bootstrap.dat\n2018-03-22 07:48:08.614 [INF] MAIN: Loading block database from '/home/ubuntu/.btcd/data/mainnet/blocks_ffldb'\n2018-03-22 07:48:08.849 [INF] MAIN: Block database loaded\n2018-03-22 07:48:08.849 [INF] CHAN: Loading block index.  This might take a while...\n2018-03-22 07:48:34.393 [INF] CHAN: Chain state (height 260958, hash 0000000000000017b6133e976a69bb25c1c5dd8539b85ee8a9f9555f8c5b6824, totaltx 24665326, work 6011413434372599859916)\n2018-03-22 07:48:34.393 [INF] MAIN: Starting import\n2018-03-22 07:48:44.394 [INF] MAIN: Processed 148713 blocks in the last 10s (1659268 transactions, height 148713,  2011-10-09 18:05:08 +0000 UTC)\n2018-03-22 07:48:54.398 [INF] MAIN: Processed 30609 blocks in the last 10s (1404164 transactions, height 179322, 2012-05-08 21:28:11 +0000 UTC)\n...\n```\nImport completed after 7 days.\n```\n2018-03-29 18:15:52.087 [INF] MAIN: Processed 5 blocks in the last 10.31s (4742 transactions, height 513597, 2018-03-15 06:12:38 +0000 UTC)\n2018-03-29 18:15:57.675 [INF] MAIN: Processed a total of 513601 blocks (252642 imported, 260959 already known)\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ \n```\n\nSince I didn't use the --txindex option during import, running *btcd* indexed all blocks, and then completed synchronization with the network, taking another extra 7 days.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/tmp$ btcd --txindex \n2018-03-30 10:00:38.785 [INF] BTCD: Version 0.12.0-beta\n2018-03-30 10:00:38.791 [INF] BTCD: Loading block database from '/home/ubuntu/.btcd/data/mainnet/blocks_ffldb'\n2018-03-30 10:00:42.528 [INF] BTCD: Block database loaded\n2018-03-30 10:00:42.556 [INF] INDX: Transaction index is enabled\n2018-03-30 10:00:42.556 [INF] INDX: cf index is enabled\n2018-03-30 10:00:42.556 [INF] CHAN: Loading block index.  This might take a while...\n2018-03-30 10:01:34.081 [INF] INDX: Catching up indexes from height 260958 to 513600\n2018-03-30 10:01:44.161 [INF] INDX: Indexed 196 blocks in the last 10.08s (56791 transactions, height 261154, 2013-10-01 20:42:48 +0000 UTC)\n2018-03-30 10:01:54.240 [INF] INDX: Indexed 158 blocks in the last 10.07s (52408 transactions, height 261312, 2013-10-02 17:47:04 +0000 UTC)\n...\n```\n\nBut finally it is synchronized. Compare the blocks to the block height available in blockchain.info.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/.btcd$ btcctl getinfo\n{\n  \"version\": 120000,\n  \"protocolversion\": 70002,\n  \"blocks\": 518456,\n  \"timeoffset\": 0,\n  \"connections\": 8,\n  \"proxy\": \"\",\n  \"difficulty\": 3839316899029.672,\n  \"testnet\": false,\n  \"relayfee\": 0.00001,\n  \"errors\": \"\"\n}\n```\n\n### Synchronizing *bitcoind*\n\nI did attempt to bootstrap *bitcoind* too, but failed miserably. I believe the failure is due to my incompetence. Each attempt lasted days until I gave up. Eventually I simply run the daemon until after 4 days it synchronized directly from the network.\n\n## LN finally\n### Initialize\nRun the LN node. A wallet must be defined at the first run, or unlcoked whenever the node is rerun. The LN node will not connect to the network beforehand.\nHere I'm running *lnd* with higher debug level. This is not required.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~/.lnd$ lnd --debuglevel=debug\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.404 [INF] LTND: Version 0.4.1-beta commit=\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.404 [INF] LTND: Active chain: Bitcoin (network=mainnet)\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.406 [INF] CHDB: Checking for schema update: latest_version=0, db_version=0\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.460 [INF] RPCS: password RPC server listening on 127.0.0.1:10009\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.462 [INF] RPCS: password gRPC proxy started at 127.0.0.1:8080\n2018-04-08 17:45:40.462 [INF] LTND: Waiting for wallet encryption password. Use `lncli create` to create wallet, or `lncli unlock` to unlock already created wallet.\n```\n\nOn a different tmux terminal create the wallet, insert a password, and write down the menemonics in a safe place. The password is needed each time the *lnd* node is reset or restarted, i.e. whenever the wallet needs to be unlocked.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli create\nInput wallet password: \nConfirm wallet password: \n\nDo you have an existing cipher seed mnemonic you want to use? (Enter y/n): n\nYour cipher seed can optionally be encrypted.\nInput your passphrase you wish to encrypt it (or press enter to proceed without a cipher seed passphrase): \n\nGenerating fresh cipher seed...\n!!!YOU MUST WRITE DOWN THIS SEED TO BE ABLE TO RESTORE THE WALLET!!!\n---------------BEGIN LND CIPHER SEED--------------- \n\n<THIS PART REMOVED>\n\n---------------END LND CIPHER SEED-----------------\n!!!YOU MUST WRITE DOWN THIS SEED TO BE ABLE TO RESTORE THE WALLET!!!\nlnd successfully initialized!\nubuntu@ln:~$ \n```\n\nOnce the wallet is created (or unlocked), *lnd* will attempt to connect to the Bitcoin node and to its peers. \n\n### Check Sync\nCheck the connection to the bitcoin node is working and the bitcoin node is synchronized.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli getinfo\n{\n    \"identity_pubkey\": \"03c42d3b66012697d078eae412c3b4806df274b7e6a18dacac474cd7c4bfa28849\",\n    \"alias\": \"03c42d3b66012697d078\",\n    \"num_pending_channels\": 0,\n    \"num_active_channels\": 0,\n    \"num_peers\": 3,\n    \"block_height\": 517400,\n    \"block_hash\": \"0000000000000000000f76b44f8d4c27586259b3460d41a88e5d7c39a76d0dca\",\n    \"synced_to_chain\": true,\n    \"testnet\": false,\n    \"chains\": [\n        \"bitcoin\"\n    ],\n    \"uris\": [\n    ],\n    \"best_header_timestamp\": \"1523282595\"\n}\n```\nIndeed \"synced_to_chain\" indicates the Bitcoin node is connected and synced. 3 peers are already connected. Those were added automatically. \n\n### Create address and fund wallet\n\nLet's now add an address, and send some bitcoins.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli newaddress np2wkh\n{\n    \"address\": \"3FvDCiAa7BWDfCU93zccdPynrpFpsqHX9w\"\n}\n```\nAn address starting with 3 can be funded also by wallets that do not support Segwit. \n\nI sent $10 from my wallet to this address. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli walletbalance\n{\n    \"total_balance\": \"147654\",\n    \"confirmed_balance\": \"0\",\n    \"unconfirmed_balance\": \"147654\"\n}\n```\nNow we have to wait a bit for it to be confirmed. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli walletbalance\n{\n    \"total_balance\": \"147654\",\n    \"confirmed_balance\": \"147654\",\n    \"unconfirmed_balance\": \"0\"\n}\n```\n\n### Opening a channel\n\nI did not enabled 'autopilot' mode that is supposed to open channels and manage them automatically. Instead I opened a channel to a major LN node, in the hope that it'll be able to route my payment to Blockstream. Fortunately this naive approach worked. \n\nTo select a major LN hub I used [1ML](https://1ml.com/), Lightning Network Search and Analysis Engine. 1ML lists the latest nodes and channels, and if you scroll further down, also lists the largest nodes and channels. I selected one of the largest nodes; [Federval Reserve](https://1ml.com/node/0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf\n). \n\n![federalReserve.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmeNLqgauAR4DR8D4db65pVLBAdwpjgmjkXWUFHWzxagPZ/federalReserve.png) \n\nThe information needed is the public key and IP address (and port) of the node:\n```\n0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf@35.184.46.254:9735\n```\n\nTo open a channel to a node you have to first connected to it as a peer. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli connect 0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf@35.184.46.254:9735\n{\n\n}\n```\n\nAnd indeed it was added to the other 3 peers that were already auto-connected.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli listpeers\n{\n    \"peers\": [\n        {\n            \"pub_key\": \"0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf\",\n            \"address\": \"35.184.46.254:9735\",\n            \"bytes_sent\": \"6\",\n            \"bytes_recv\": \"6\",\n            \"sat_sent\": \"0\",\n            \"sat_recv\": \"0\",\n            \"inbound\": false,\n            \"ping_time\": \"0\"\n        },\n```\n\nWhen a channel is opened in LN, a funding transaction is sent to the Bitcoin network. The transaction takes times to confirm, and requires a miners fee. Hence it wasn't possible to commit my entire $10 to the channel. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli openchannel --node_key=0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf --local_amt=147654\n[lncli] rpc error: code = Unknown desc = not enough witness outputs to create funding transaction, need 0.00148534 BTC only have 0.00147654 BTC  available\n```\n\nThe difference, 880 satoshies, is required for the funding transaction fee. Committing the rest to the channel worked:\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli openchannel --node_key=0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf --local_amt=146774\n{\n        \"funding_txid\": \"a9ec8645c78415dad54a600fba7eb70212b1dfe793b13bfa44ba55554c7a9143\"\n}\n```\n\nAnd the channel moved to pending to wait for confirmations.\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli pendingchannels \n{\n    \"total_limbo_balance\": \"0\",\n    \"pending_open_channels\": [\n        {\n            \"channel\": {\n                \"remote_node_pub\": \"0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf\",\n                \"channel_point\": \"a9ec8645c78415dad54a600fba7eb70212b1dfe793b13bfa44ba55554c7a9143:0\",\n                \"capacity\": \"146774\",\n                \"local_balance\": \"145688\",\n                \"remote_balance\": \"0\"\n            },\n            \"confirmation_height\": 0,\n            \"commit_fee\": \"1086\",\n            \"commit_weight\": \"600\",\n            \"fee_per_kw\": \"1500\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"pending_closing_channels\": [\n    ],\n    \"pending_force_closing_channels\": [\n    ]\n}\n```\n\nAfter two confirmations, the channel became active. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli listchannels\n{\n    \"channels\": [\n        {\n            \"active\": true,\n            \"remote_pubkey\": \"0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf\",\n            \"channel_point\": \"a9ec8645c78415dad54a600fba7eb70212b1dfe793b13bfa44ba55554c7a9143:0\",\n            \"chan_id\": \"569235861522219008\",\n            \"capacity\": \"146774\",\n            \"local_balance\": \"145507\",\n            \"remote_balance\": \"0\",\n            \"commit_fee\": \"1267\",\n            \"commit_weight\": \"600\",\n            \"fee_per_kw\": \"1750\",\n            \"unsettled_balance\": \"0\",\n            \"total_satoshis_sent\": \"0\",\n            \"total_satoshis_received\": \"0\",\n            \"num_updates\": \"1\",\n            \"pending_htlcs\": [\n            ],\n            \"csv_delay\": 144,\n            \"private\": false\n        }\n    ]\n}\n```\n\nThe difference between the capacity and the local balance is 1086 which is the commit_fee. The commit fee is reserved as the fee to paid to miners for the Bitcoin transaction that will be used to close the channel. \n\nOnce a channel is enabled. The LN node is able to calculate routes to destinations.\n\n## Buying the sticker\n\nFinally we can buy a sticker or two. Go to the [Blockstream Shop](https://store.blockstream.com/), and press the 'Shop' tab. Select the sticker and add it to the cart. Each sticker is $1.99 plus mailing for $3. \n\n![blockstream-front-shop.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmVinxqTAFPWGKhP699txikhhjQgZFEGWa1rZfENbm1on6/blockstream-front-shop.png)\n\nPress 'view cart', and then proceed to checkout. Fill in your mail details and proceed to 'Proceed to Lightning Payment'. An invoice will be presented with a one hour expiration timer to complete payment.\n\n![lightning-network-sell-sticker.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmf7iw2VLkcdmyVbkGtSRX848Ws8WesLAHUNK49XUsn3QW/lightning-network-sell-sticker.png)\n\nCopy the invoice. You can decode the invoice locally. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli decodepayreq lnbc738842420p1pdvhthapp5p74hlu02z7v0nns22dk7f9wn6y8j6tkez5dxlvz59a4kyfrz9hkqdrdgfkx7cmtwd68yetpd5s9xar0wfjn5gp59cunjgz42dzzqen0ypskuepqgfkx7cmtwd68yetpd5s9xct5v4kxc6t5v5s9xarfvd4k2u3q0qsrzcqpgtdnykkcrc6guwr8kxvmt50swc06ef520hldja5kj9u522ujra36kk762xvj8kyn4r6rs6438d29j2068umenn5pdflgm988t7u6f9gcp6amw9q\n{\n    \"destination\": \"02f6725f9c1c40333b67faea92fd211c183050f28df32cac3f9d69685fe9665432\",\n    \"payment_hash\": \"7b9547f34773e911f58c1ac4a521b175dfa7868770d84519685fa6749940dc0b\",\n    \"num_satoshis\": \"100674\",\n    \"timestamp\": \"1523463650\",\n    \"expiry\": \"3600\",\n    \"description\": \"Blockstream Store: 6.98 USD fo and Blockstream Satellite Sticker x 2\",\n    \"description_hash\": \"\",\n    \"fallback_addr\": \"\",\n    \"cltv_expiry\": \"8\"\n}\n```\n\nAnd now the payment itself. \n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli payinvoice --pay_req lnbc1006748420p1pdvud0zpp50w250u68w053ravvrtz22gd3wh060p58wrvy2xtgt7n8fx2qms9sdrdgfkx7cmtwd68yetpd5s9xar0wfjn5gpk9cunsgz42dzzqen0ypskuepqgfkx7cmtwd68yetpd5s9xct5v4kxc6t5v5s9xarfvd4k2u3q0qsrycqpg34duz4cfaln3d342hrpsph40ftk79wh9mntavdaskx0spquljjlny6kczwkelg53jhwfmhj08cq6pphk7ur888e20hk5l4ndj4a2dyqqc6auq4\n\n```\n\nAnd it went through. No need to wait for confirmation. I almost immediately got an invoice email from Blockstream.  \n![blocstream-invoice.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmc5fx53MedDo4viTCFW9Mr8CsMepDNaa4Rn8ZKtbG6B4i/blocstream-invoice.png)\n\nIt is interesting to check the channel balance now.\n\n```\nubuntu@ln:~$ lncli listchannels\n{\n    \"channels\": [\n        {\n            \"active\": true,\n            \"remote_pubkey\": \"0327049d8d63f0c40193cdf3afc61817c8647808a4e482de0716fcef74e6d92ebf\",\n            \"channel_point\": \"a9ec8645c78415dad54a600fba7eb70212b1dfe793b13bfa44ba55554c7a9143:0\",\n            \"chan_id\": \"569235861522219008\",\n            \"capacity\": \"146774\",\n            \"local_balance\": \"45010\",\n            \"remote_balance\": \"100677\",\n            \"commit_fee\": \"1087\",\n            \"commit_weight\": \"724\",\n            \"fee_per_kw\": \"1500\",\n            \"unsettled_balance\": \"0\",\n            \"total_satoshis_sent\": \"100677\",\n            \"total_satoshis_received\": \"0\",\n            \"num_updates\": \"92\",\n            \"pending_htlcs\": [\n            ],\n            \"csv_delay\": 144,\n            \"private\": false\n        }\n    ]\n}\n```\nThe channel capacity stayed the same. The total Satoshis sent, is equal to the remote balance, and is 3 Satoshis higher than the price of the sticker. I believe these 3 Satoshis were paid to the routing LN nodes. \n\n## That it!\n\nNow I'm waiting for the sticker. \nLet me know if you have comments, improvements suggestions or questions.",
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      "title": "Pre LN setup. Tools I decided to use",
      "body": "@@ -3496,16 +3496,17 @@\n se Tmux*\n+:\n %0AIf you \n",
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      "body": "Once Lightning Lab announced (and surprised many) that they are [releasing a beta version for mainnet](https://blog.lightning.engineering/announcement/2018/03/15/lnd-beta.html), I decided that I want to deploy a node and work from there. My thoughts were to document the progress here once I successfully run the LN node and experiment with paying and receiving money across the network. Turns out its going much slower for me than I anticipated, hence I decided to break the log and document each decision and step I'm doing separately. I'm not sure whether there would be much interest in each blog post separately, but I'm hoping that overall it'll be of use to someone. \n\nI'm not a Linux, Devops or Bitcoin/LN expert, so any of the decisions or operations I'm going to describe here and in future post are necessarily the right way to go. If you have comments on any, I would really appreciate it, and update the posts as they go along.\n\n*Run a full Bitcoin node*:\nLN server requires RPC access to a full Bitcoin node. So for practical reasons I should run one. I would easily allow some dude to have RPC access to my Bitcoin node, so I shouldn't expect other to do that too.\n\n*Run on AWS*:\nFirst I plan to run all servers on AWS. LN and Bitcoin servers need to be online. I'm using small instances in N. Virginia region. I selected this region as I don't have in mind any requirement for proximity to my location, all new AWS features are always available (at least historically) in this region first, and pricing wise its among the cheaper regions.\nI'm deploying t2.small instances with 500G EBS memory. Per [Bitcoin Core recommendation for running a full node](https://bitcoin.org/en/full-node), the minimum RAM needed is 2G. Memory wise the [blockchain size](https://blockchain.info/charts/blocks-size) now is more than 160G, and for sync (and maybe other) operations you should have at least double the size in memory. \nIn AWS small general purpose instances are the cheapest available that have 2G memory. [The on-demand price](https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/pricing/on-demand/) for the instance only is $0.023 per hour, which is about $17 per month. Bandwidth and memory would add to this price, but that's the ballpark. If use of this instance is successful, its always possible to pay in advance and have cheaper prices per month using a reserved instance. \n\n*Use VIM as editor*:\n I'd like to be able to contribute to the LN open source code. I'd like to be able to develop on the same environment I'm deploying. I may be able to use docker on my laptop for that, but for now I want to use an editor I can run on remote instances as well, and can be operated fully using the keyboard. I'm usually more inclined to use emacs, but the vim-go package by Fatih Arslan looks like the right tool I should use. He has a [Go development with vim-go](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7BqJ8dzygtU) Youtube video, and a [tutorial](https://github.com/fatih/vim-go-tutorial). \nLearning the vim-way takes practice. I have [vim 101 beginners guide](https://www.linux.com/learn/vim-101-beginners-guide-vim), [vim buffers, windows and tabs](https://anuragpeshne.github.io/essays/vim/8.html), [Demystifying Multi-file Searches in Vim](https://seesparkbox.com/foundry/demystifying_multi_file_searches_in_vim_and_the_command_line) and [Let vim do the typing](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3TX3kV3TICU) Youtube video open. Hopefully these resources are enough, together with the vim-go resources above.\n\n*Use Tmux*\nIf you need to open multiple terminals to a remote node, or do any operation for a period of time, you must use a terminal multiplexer. Otherwise it becomes unmanageable and each time you move your laptop or have a network disconnect you have to setup everything from the beginning. I've done some reading and decided to use tmux, which is installed by default on ubuntu 16.04. [tmux shortcut & cheatshit](https://gist.github.com/MohamedAlaa/2961058) is opened on my tabs. \n\nThose are the tools and decisions I made. Comments and suggestions are welcome.",
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      "permlink": "re-bluetegu-re-donkelly-re-bluetegu-a-few-words-about-myself-20180325t115231713z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Thanks bro,i feel encouraged",
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      "permlink": "re-bluetegu-re-utomobong-re-bluetegu-a-few-words-about-myself-20180325t065934640z",
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      "body": "See you there.\nWe will get to communicate more.",
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      "body": "@@ -914,17 +914,17 @@\n sting st\n-a\n+u\n ff. Howe\n",
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      "permlink": "re-utomobong-re-bluetegu-a-few-words-about-myself-20180325t064939578z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Thanks!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"introduceyourself\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}"
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      "permlink": "re-steemladder-re-bluetegu-a-few-words-about-myself-20180325t063941899z",
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      "body": "Thanks!",
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      "body": "Welcome \nYour #introduceyourself blog is very nice.\nThats what its All about on this platform and this blockchain. Blogging is it, blog on and you Will be succesfull! 🤛 and You Will earn money. 💴💸💰be carefull with all your passwords !! Never give that up!\nFor very good safety tips visit https://steemit.com/steem/@verhp11/safety-first-first-aid-kit-for-steemians-who-are-just-beginning-this-great-journey from Our fellow steemy @verhp11 \nI blog every day and love it!❤️\nHelpfull is the Steemify App , its Free in the Appstore go cheque it out. And good luck steeming and I Will See you around🍀 \nGreetings from Brittandjosie - Holland",
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