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      "body": "Worst-African-Dictators\t\nGood governance is gaining ground in Africa, but unfortunately it is happening at snail’s pace. The continent has seen some of the world’s worst dictators. While it is true that African leaders are becoming democratic and are showing more respect for human rights, there are some leaders who have a long way to go before they can be regarded as worthy leaders.\n\nHere is a brief introduction of 10 worst African dictators of all time. These dictators have caused immense misery to many people.\n\n10) Sani Abacha (Nigeria)\nSani Abacha ruled Nigeria from 1993 to 1998. He was the epitome of brutality and was responsible for the imprisonment and executions of many of his opponents. He amassed a fortune from his personal dealings in Nigeria’s oil reserves. This unscrupulous ruler embezzled billions of dollars from the nation’s central bank.\n\n\n9) Jean-Bedel Bokassa (Central African Republic)\nThis brutal dictator was narcissistic. He had an insatiable appetite for power and authority. He was self-crowned emperor of the Central African Republic until he was ousted in 1979.\n\n\ncool Ahmed Sekou Toure (Guinea)\nAhmed Sekou Toure ruled Guinea from 1958 to 1984. He was a corrupt leader who imposed harsh laws on the people. He became infamous for inventing innovative methods of murder.\n\n\n7) Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo (Equatorial Guinea)\nTeodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo is the president of Equatorial Guinea. He has ruled Equatorial Guinea since August 1979. He came to power by overthrowing his uncle Francisco Macias Nguema in a bloody coup. He is currently the longest serving president in Africa.\n\n\n6) Muammar Gaddafi (Libya)\nAlthough some Africans saw him as King of Kings of Africa, Muammar Gaddafi was an egoist. He ran a police state. Some Libyans call him a lunatic others a hero. His children and immediate relatives had the right to kill without anyone questioning them. He was killed on 20 October 2011.\n\n\n5) Robert Mugabe (Zimbabwe)\nRobert Mugabe is the president of Zimbabwe since 1987. Many people call him a murderous despot. Over the years, he has arrested and tortured the opposition and squeezed the nation’s economy into negative growth and billion-percent inflation.\n\n\n4) Omar al-Bashir (Sudan)\nOmar al-Bashir is the president of Sudan. He seized power in 1989 in a bloodless military coup against the government of the democratically elected Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi. Over the years this tyrant has murdered tens of thousands of innocent people in Sudan. He has been declared a war criminal and a wanted by International Criminal Court (ICC).\n\n\n3) Charles Taylor (Liberia)\nCharles was the president of Liberia from 1997 to 2003. He was the main cause of the Liberian civil war, which killed many innocent Liberians. He encouraged his followers to use rape as a weapon and cut of the hands of people who opposed him. The warlord was found guilty of all 11 counts of “aiding and abetting” war crimes and crimes against humanity by Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL).\n\n\n2) Mobutu Sese Seko (Democratic Republic of Congo)\nMobutu Sese Seko was the president of the Democratic Republic of Congo between 1965 and 1997.\n\nHe killed innumerable number of people during his tenure as president. He murdered opposition leaders in broad daylight.\n\nHe forced all television stations to start the evening news with an image of him descending through clouds from the heavens.\n\n\n1) Idi Amin Dada (Uganda)\nIdi Amin Dada of Uganda tops the list. He was the president of Uganda between 1971 and 1979. He murdered more than 500,000 Ugandans, including foreign investors, opposition leaders and archbishops. He also confirmed to eating human flesh. The mad man raped almost all the beautiful girls surrounding his palace.\n\nHe gave himself numerous title including: His Excellency President for Life, Field Marshal Al Hadji Dr. Idi Amin, VC, DSO, MC, Lord of All the Beasts of the Earth and Fishes of the Sea and Conqueror of the British Empire in Africa.\n![images.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmcXxhJH6nbPFTnigdKUt9zVQdoJSV6VD5EYXmz5ahsSWG/images.jpg)",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2016/feb/25/democracy-in-african-countries-five-myths-explored",
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      "title": "DEMOCRACY IN AFRICA EXPLORED BY 5 MYTHS",
      "body": "From the US to Uganda, most countries grapple with a democratic deficit. Yet there is a popular perception that Africa lags behind the rest of the world in this most nebulous of political terms. This is despite the fact that millions of people elsewhere in the world live under regimes that can be described as authoritarian, oppressive and undemocratic, while millions of people within Africa enjoy the benefits of relatively good governance.\n\n1) Democracy is not spreading across Africa\nCountries that describe themselves as democratic are members of a very broad church. They range from nations that respect citizens’ political freedoms and civil liberties to those that repress dissent and hold elections that are neither free nor fair. Just as other regions of the world display varied systems of governance, there are discrepancies among African countries. \n\nThe Economist Intelligence Unit’s democracy index identifies four categories of regime: full democracy, flawed democracy, hybrid and authoritarian. Its 2015 index shows uneven progress in sub-Saharan Africa, but notes a dramatic drop in successful “coups from within” since 2000, and says holding regular elections is now largely commonplace. Even so, the index only awarded full democracy status to Mauritius, a quiet achiever with strong rule of law.\n\nFormer British leader Winston Churchill thought democracy was “the worst form of government, except for all the others”. His words lays bare the imperfections of what we call democracy, but also hint at how difficult it is to define.\nSome countries defy the narrative of a democratic deficit in Africa, however. In its 2016 Freedom in the World report, Freedom House named Nigeria, Liberia and Ivory Coast among the countries with the biggest improvements in political rights and civil liberties. In Nigeria, 2015 was the first year an opposition party gained power through elections. Botswana, Ghana, Cape Verde and Benin have also been lauded as democratic examples.\nThis year, at least 16 African nations are holding presidential elections. Although elections do not automatically lead to representative governments, competitive, multi-party elections constitute a sine qua non for democracy, and regular ballots indicate progress towards ensuring citizens are able to choose their leaders.\n2) Africa is dominated by Big Men\nA club of authoritarian leaders have maintained an iron grip on power in parts of Africa, either by amending laws to extend their terms of office, hosting rubber-stamp elections or repressing opposition and civil society. Of course, African countries are not alone in this – Singapore’s founding father, Lee Kuan Yew, led for more than three decades; Cambodia’s Hun Sen has also been in power for more than three decades; and in Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev has held office since before the collapse of the Soviet Union.\n\n\nIn Africa, nine leaders have wielded power for more than 20 years; three of them have been at the helm for more than 30 years. Equatorial Guinea’s President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo seized power from his uncle in 1979, the same year that Angola’s José Eduardo dos Santos rose to power. Yoweri Museveni won this month’s election in Uganda to continue his rule after a vote marred by a lack of transparency \nBut Africa is about more than this club of big men. Aside from the growing number of leaders passing power peacefully after elections, there have also been cases of public backlash against leaders who have tried to prolong their tenures, such as Zambia’s Frederick Chiluba and Malawi’s Bakili Muluzi. In 2014, Blaise Compaoré’s bid to extend his 27-year presidency in Burkina Faso was thwarted by a violent popular uprising, while upheaval in Burundi was sparked by President Pierre Nkurunziza’s successful bid to prolong his term.\n\nNor is leadership the sole preserve of men. In 2006, Liberia’s Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became Africa’s first democratically elected female head of state. She was followed by Joyce Banda in Malawi and Ameenah Gurib-Fakim in Mauritius.\n\n\nCuriously, the Big Man moniker is generally applied only to African leaders. Some trace its roots to colonial masters and the choices they made when selecting rulers to succeed them after independence. As he prepared to step down as president in 2005, Tanzania’s Benjamin Mkapa called for a new, home-grown democracy. “That Africa ended up with big men at State House is not entirely unrelated to this colonial legacy. Colonialists did not prepare Africans for self-democratic rule,” Mkapa said.\n3) Elections are the sole indicator of a thriving democracy\nOften the first things people point to as proof of democracy, elections are a precursor rather than the sole signifier of democratic rule.\n\nWhen asked whether elections were giving democracy a bad name, former UN secretary general Kofi Annan said: “Democracy is not just about one day every four or five years when elections are held, but a system of government that respects the separation of powers, fundamental freedoms like the freedom of thought, religion, expression, association and assembly and the rule of law … Any regime that rides roughshod on these principles loses its democratic legitimacy, regardless of whether it initially won an election.”\n\n\nThe Ibrahim index of African governance, an annual assessment produced by the Mo Ibrahim Foundation, focuses on what happens between elections. It defines good governance as safety and rule of law, participation by citizens and a respect for human rights, sustainable economic opportunity and human development. \n\n4) High voter turnout means corruption\nA common perception is that high turnouts indicate fraud or ballot box stuffing. The reality is complex.\n\nA reported 89% of Rwanda’s voting population cast ballots in the most recent election in 2013. The party of President Paul Kagame, who has held his position for 16 years, won 93% of the vote. Was this a sign of a country freely giving a vote of approval to a popular leader, or a sign of coercion?\n\nIt is worth bearing in mind that 25 sub-Saharan African countries recorded voter turnouts of more than 50% at their last election, including in those widely viewed as democratic such as in Sierra Leone (88%), and Ghana (82%).\nIt’s easy to judge turnout by western standards of voter apathy – turnout in the UK’s general election in 2015 was 66%; in the US, turnout is usually even lower, at 54% in 2012. Yet younger democracies often have higher levels of political engagement, with citizens queueing for hours to make sure their votes count.\n\n5) The passing of power is often violent\nWhen voters believe there has been election fraud, the risk of violence is high. In some cases the violence is initiated by incumbent leaders who feel threatened by opponents and incite protests, further destabilising their countries. Recent cases of electoral violence include Kenya’s 2007 election which left 1,133 people dead, 600,000 people displaced and involved a wave of sexual violence, as well in Sierra Leone in 2007 and Senegal in 2012.\n\nViolence can also be triggered when the opposition feel cheated at the ballot box, either because of fraud, coercion and intimidation. When citizens feel the judiciary will back the incumbent elite, they may be more inclined to take their protests to the streets. Other options exist elsewhere – the 2000 US election ended up in the courts after allegations of a miscount.\n\n\nWhile the elections in Africa that garner the most international attention are often those that turn violent, many more are peaceful. 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