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      "body": "### <center> <div class=\"pull-left\"> ![Logo-mini.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNb86ngsQhEnuNd4mptr3PoNUboFdDNCFGLzVAR1YFbo5/Logo-mini.png) GG electronics: Let's Learn // MiniE 2.2 <div> </center>\n\n## <center> Recap of the previous Minie </center>\n\nGreetings, in the previous minie: We talk about \"electrical resistance\" and that the EIA standardized encapsulated with specific \"electrical resistance\" values, as well as encoding them.\n\nIf you haven't read it, I invite you to read it, I assure you that you will find it very useful:\n\nhttps://steemit.com/education/@gg-electronics/minie-2-1-passive-elements-resistance-let-s-learn-basic-electronics-eng\n\n<center> <h3>Capacitor</h3> </center>\n\nBefore defining the capacitor, I think we need to ask the following question:\n<center> **How does a capacitor work?**: </center>\nIt's time for my eloquent analogies. Imagine:\n\n<center>![psicina.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSJWyVud4EzgGpL84dmDNNHPevUFLu2LFo1vuo8QZZCvH/psicina.jpeg)</center>\n\nIn a pool are a lot of couples, boys and girls, and the lifeguard gives the order that all leave the poll, but separating the boys from the girls. The boys leave slowly and remain at one end of the pool, while the girls perform the same action but remain at the other end. After a certain time, when the order was given, the pool is totally alone, the boys at one end and the girls at the other. In this case:\n\n* The lifeguard order is, the application of a voltage on the capacitor terminals.\n* Boys represent the positive charge (blue) and girls the negative charge (red), not because girls are always negative ... of course not ...\n* The pool, is a container with water, which represents the **dielectric** that is between the ends. However water is not a dielectric.\n* The ends of the pool represent the places where the electrical charge is stored or remains.\n\nThen we can define that: The capacitor, in general, is a passive electronic component that has the capacity to store electric charge. This is composed of two **parallel** plates and in the middle of these two, there is a dielectric.\n\nBy applying a constant voltage to the capacitor terminals, it will store the energy, separating the positive and negative charges (protons and electrons) in the plates. If this voltage is applied directly, the load is instantaneous, but if applied in an \"RC\" circuit the load will take a certain time.\n\n<center>![Capacitor.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSGXfpML9EVJbcCKpK1baDUSsyNVp8pJUjHDcnwDxnJER/Capacitor.jpg)</center>\n\n> Below I explain, in a simple way, what is an \"RC\" circuit.\n\nNow, what happens to that stored energy?\n\nIt depends:\n\n1. If after you charge the capacitor, you turn off the source and leave it where it is, it will auto discharge. After a considerable time, 1 hour for example, will be discharged.\n2. If after charging, disconnecting the source and connecting a \"load\" (that is to say, something that consumes energy), an \"RC\" discharge circuit will occur. Which, just as occurs in the load, the discharge will be made in a certain time.\n3. If we make a short circuit between the two terminals of the capacitor, a spark will be created (be careful with capacitors with great capacity), and instantly after the spark will be discharged.\n\n> **You could explain at once what an \"RC\" circuit is?... !!!**\nWell, well, I do not want to confuse you. An \"RC\" circuit is a circuit that has a **R**esistance and a **C**apacitor ... Obvious right?\n\nThen with an \"RC\" circuit you can charge and discharge the energy stored in a capacitor in a certain time, this can be used for simple timer applications (very simple and few precise), among others.\n\n#### <center> How is a capacitor? </center>\nThe capacitors as well as the resistors, as explained in the MiniE 2.1, are standardized by the EIA. These have different types and can vary in sizes, dielectric used, colors, shapes, etc.\n\nThe most common are ceramic (NP) and electrolytic (P), are also polyester, variable, among others.\n\n<center>![capacitores.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUoe42Wjx5DrvK37oF4BXtJyJgeSGaePYbw2LXD8gUjdp/capacitores.jpeg)</center>\n\nCapacitors can be polarized or non-polarized, and their typical values range from picofarads to microfarads. There are other commercial values of domestic use, in MDF (microfarads) as is the starting capacitor of the compressor of an air conditioner or a refrigerator.\n\nPolarized (P) = have a \"+\" end and a \"-\" end, already defined. If you reverse it, wait for the explosion. \nNon-polarized (NP) = Like a resistor, it does not matter which way it connects. \n\nI suppose that is enough for today, in the next publication comes the first example, enough theory and attack a little with practice.\n\nI hope you have been interesting the subject, do not forget to check the previous MiniE. I apologize for taking so long to publish this MiniE, I was sick and other problems were presented to me.\n\n### Follow me, like, Reesteem, ask, comment, what your heart and mind tell you. ;) Bye.",
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      "body": "Oh!! sh... Srry :$",
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      "body": "Yes, it is so sad, but I do not worry, that does not take away the fun to my days ... although, I would like a lot: to be lying in anywhere at mid nigth with my friends, talking while we contemplate the sky and a few beers. ;)",
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      "author": "damira",
      "body": "Thank you for your comment;)I'm glad you haven't been in similar situation, good job on being careful!",
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      "body": "Sadly, there is no place in the world where we can be 100% safe. In my country, things are worse and here we are accustomed to value life more than material goods. Thanks to God, I have not been assaulted or occurred an event of this type, and the reason is that ... (no, I am not a hermit), every step I give, every person I see, I analyze and take my precautions. And very important, golden rule, unless you have a car, after 6 pm, it's better to be home.",
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      "body": "# <center> <div class=\"pull-left\"> ![Logo-mini.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNb86ngsQhEnuNd4mptr3PoNUboFdDNCFGLzVAR1YFbo5/Logo-mini.png) GG electronics: Let's Learn // MiniE 2.2 <div> </center>\n\n####  <center> Recapitulación del MiniE anterior </center> \n\nSaludos, en el MiniE anterior: Hablamos de la \"resistencia electrica\" y que la EIA estandarizó encapsulados con valores de \"resistencia electricas\" fijas, además de codificarlas. \n\nSi aún no lo has leído, te invito a leerlo, te aseguro que lo encontrarás muy útil: \n\nhttps://steemit.com/spanish/@gg-electronics/minie-2-1-elementos-pasivos-resistencia-aprendamos-electronica-basica-esp-eng-soon\n\n<center> <h3> Capacitores </h3> </center>\n\nAntes de definir el capacitor, creo que es necesario realizarnos la siguiente pregunta: \n<center>**¿Cómo funciona un capacitor?**:</center>\nEs hora de mis elocuentes analogías. Imaginemos:\n\n<center>![psicina.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSJWyVud4EzgGpL84dmDNNHPevUFLu2LFo1vuo8QZZCvH/psicina.jpeg)</center>\n\nEn una piscina se encuentran una gran cantidad de parejas, chicos y chicas, y el salvavidas da la orden de que todos salgan de la misma, pero separando a los chicos de las chicas. Los chicos salen poco a poco y permanecen en uno de los extremos de la piscina, mientras que las chicas realizan la misma acción pero permanecen en el otro extremo. Luego de un tiempo determinado, en que la orden se dio, la piscina queda totalmente sola, los chicos en un extremo y las chicas en el otro. En este caso:\n\n* La orden del salvavidas es, la aplicación de un voltaje en los terminales del capacitor.\n* Los chicos representan la carga positiva (azul) y las chicas la carga negativa (roja), no es que las chicas siempre sean negativas… para nada…\n* La piscina, es un contenedor con agua, el cual representa a el **dieléctrico** que se encuentra entre los extremos. Sin embargo el agua no es un dieléctrico. \n* Los extremos de la piscina representan los lugares en donde se almacena o permanece la carga eléctrica. \n\nEntonces podemos definir que: El capacitor, en general, es un componente electrónico pasivo que tiene la capacidad de almacenar carga eléctrica. Esta está compuesta por dos placas **paralelas** y en el medio de estas dos, se encuentra un dieléctrico. \n\nAl aplicarle una tensión constante a los terminales del capacitor, este almacenará la energía, separando la carga positiva y la negativa (protones y electrones) en las placas. Si esta tensión se aplica directamente, la carga es instantánea, pero si se aplica en un circuito “RC” la carga tardará un tiempo determinado.\n\n<center>![Capacitor.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSGXfpML9EVJbcCKpK1baDUSsyNVp8pJUjHDcnwDxnJER/Capacitor.jpg)</center>\n\n> Mas abajo les explico, de manera simple, lo que es un circuito “RC”. \n\nAhora bien, ¿qué sucede con esa energía almacenada?\n\nDepende:\n\n1.\tSi luego de que cargues el capacitor, apagas la fuente y lo dejas donde está, se irá auto descargando. Al cabo de un tiempo considerable, 1 hora por ejemplo, estará descargado.\n2.\tSi luego de cargarlo, desconectas la fuente y le conectas una “carga” (es como decir, algo que consuma energía), se producirá un circuito de descarga “RC”. El cual al igual que ocurre en la carga, la descarga se realizará en un tiempo determinado.\n3.\tSi realizamos un cortocircuito entre los dos terminales del capacitor, se creara una chispa (tener cuidado con capacitores con gran capacidad), e instantáneamente luego de la chispa estará descargado. \n\n> **Podrías explicar de una vez que es un circuito “RC”…!!!**\nBien, bien, no quiero confundirlos. Un circuito “RC” es un circuito que cuenta con una **R**esistencia y un **C**apacitor… Obvio ¿no?\n\nEntonces con un circuito “RC” se puede cargar y descargar la energía almacenada en un capacitor en un tiempo determinado, esto lo podemos usar para aplicaciones de temporizadores sencillos (muy sencillos y pocos precisos), entre otros.\n\n#### <center>¿Cómo es un capacitor?</center>\nLos capacitores al igual que las resistencias, cómo explique en el MiniE 2.1, están estandarizados por la EIA. Estos tienen diferentes tipos y pueden variar en tamaños, dieléctrico utilizado, colores, formas, etc.\n\nLos más comunes son los cerámicos (NP) y los electrolíticos (P), también estan los de poliester, variables, entre otros.\n\n<center>![capacitores.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUoe42Wjx5DrvK37oF4BXtJyJgeSGaePYbw2LXD8gUjdp/capacitores.jpeg)</center>\n\nLos capacitores pueden ser polarizados o no polarizados, y sus valores típicos oscilan entre los picofaradios hasta los microfaradios. Hay otros valores comerciales de uso domestico, en MDF (microfaradios) como lo es el capacitor de arranque del compresor de un aire acondicionado o una nevera.\n\nPolarizado= tienen un extremo “+” y un extremo “–“fijo. Si lo conectas al revés, espera la explosión. (P)\nNo-polarizado= Al igual que una resistencia, no importa de que forma se conecte. (NP)\n\nSupongo que es suficiente por hoy, en la próxima publicación se viene el primer ejemplo, basta de teoría y ataquemos un poco con la práctica. \n\nEspero les haya sido interesante el tema, no olviden revisar los anteriores MiniE. Pido disculpas por tardar tanto en publicar este MiniE, no estuve bien de salud y otros problemas se me presentaron. \n\n### Siganme, like, Reesteem, pregunten, comenten, lo que tu corazón y mente te indiquen. ;) Hasta luego.",
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      "body": "# <center> <div class=\"pull-left\"> ![Logo-mini.png](https://steemitimages.com/DQmNb86ngsQhEnuNd4mptr3PoNUboFdDNCFGLzVAR1YFbo5/Logo-mini.png) GG electronics: Let's Learn // MiniE 2.2 <div> </center>\n\n####  <center> Recapitulación del MiniE anterior </center> \n\nSaludos, en el MiniE anterior: Hablamos de la \"resistencia electrica\" y que la EIA estandarizó encapsulados con valores de \"resistencia electricas\" fijas, además de codificarlas. \n\nSi aún no lo has leído, te invito a leerlo, te aseguro que lo encontrarás muy útil: \n\nhttps://steemit.com/spanish/@gg-electronics/minie-2-1-elementos-pasivos-resistencia-aprendamos-electronica-basica-esp-eng-soon\n\n<center> <h3> Capacitores </h3> </center>\n\nAntes de definir el capacitor, creo que es necesario realizarnos la siguiente pregunta: \n<center>**¿Cómo funciona un capacitor?**:</center>\nEs hora de mis elocuentes analogías. Imaginemos:\n\n<center>![psicina.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSJWyVud4EzgGpL84dmDNNHPevUFLu2LFo1vuo8QZZCvH/psicina.jpeg)</center>\n\nEn una piscina se encuentran una gran cantidad de parejas, chicos y chicas, y el salvavidas da la orden de que todos salgan de la misma, pero separando a los chicos de las chicas. Los chicos salen poco a poco y permanecen en uno de los extremos de la piscina, mientras que las chicas realizan la misma acción pero permanecen en el otro extremo. Luego de un tiempo determinado, en que la orden se dio, la piscina queda totalmente sola, los chicos en un extremo y las chicas en el otro. En este caso:\n\n* La orden del salvavidas es, la aplicación de un voltaje en los terminales del capacitor.\n* Los chicos representan la carga positiva (azul) y las chicas la carga negativa (roja), no es que las chicas siempre sean negativas… para nada…\n* La piscina, es un contenedor con agua, el cual representa a el **dieléctrico** que se encuentra entre los extremos. Sin embargo el agua no es un dieléctrico. \n* Los extremos de la piscina representan los lugares en donde se almacena o permanece la carga eléctrica. \n\nEntonces podemos definir que: El capacitor, en general, es un componente electrónico pasivo que tiene la capacidad de almacenar carga eléctrica. Esta está compuesta por dos placas **paralelas** y en el medio de estas dos, se encuentra un dieléctrico. \n\nAl aplicarle una tensión constante a los terminales del capacitor, este almacenará la energía, separando la carga positiva y la negativa (protones y electrones) en las placas. Si esta tensión se aplica directamente, la carga es instantánea, pero si se aplica en un circuito “RC” la carga tardará un tiempo determinado.\n\n<center>![Capacitor.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmSGXfpML9EVJbcCKpK1baDUSsyNVp8pJUjHDcnwDxnJER/Capacitor.jpg)</center>\n\n> Mas abajo les explico, de manera simple, lo que es un circuito “RC”. \n\nAhora bien, ¿qué sucede con esa energía almacenada?\n\nDepende:\n\n1.\tSi luego de que cargues el capacitor, apagas la fuente y lo dejas donde está, se irá auto descargando. Al cabo de un tiempo considerable, 1 hora por ejemplo, estará descargado.\n2.\tSi luego de cargarlo, desconectas la fuente y le conectas una “carga” (es como decir, algo que consuma energía), se producirá un circuito de descarga “RC”. El cual al igual que ocurre en la carga, la descarga se realizará en un tiempo determinado.\n3.\tSi realizamos un cortocircuito entre los dos terminales del capacitor, se creara una chispa (tener cuidado con capacitores con gran capacidad), e instantáneamente luego de la chispa estará descargado. \n\n> **Podrías explicar de una vez que es un circuito “RC”…!!!**\nBien, bien, no quiero confundirlos. Un circuito “RC” es un circuito que cuenta con una **R**esistencia y un **C**apacitor… Obvio ¿no?\n\nEntonces con un circuito “RC” se puede cargar y descargar la energía almacenada en un capacitor en un tiempo determinado, esto lo podemos usar para aplicaciones de temporizadores sencillos (muy sencillos y pocos precisos), entre otros.\n\n#### <center>¿Cómo es un capacitor?</center>\nLos capacitores al igual que las resistencias, cómo explique en el MiniE 2.1, están estandarizados por la EIA. Estos tienen diferentes tipos y pueden variar en tamaños, dieléctrico utilizado, colores, formas, etc.\n\nLos más comunes son los cerámicos (NP) y los electrolíticos (P), también estan los de poliester, variables, entre otros.\n\n<center>![capacitores.jpeg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUoe42Wjx5DrvK37oF4BXtJyJgeSGaePYbw2LXD8gUjdp/capacitores.jpeg)</center>\n\nLos capacitores pueden ser polarizados o no polarizados, y sus valores típicos oscilan entre los picofaradios hasta los microfaradios. Hay otros valores comerciales de uso domestico, en MDF (microfaradios) como lo es el capacitor de arranque del compresor de un aire acondicionado o una nevera.\n\nPolarizado= tienen un extremo “+” y un extremo “–“fijo. Si lo conectas al revés, espera la explosión. (P)\nNo-polarizado= Al igual que una resistencia, no importa de que forma se conecte. 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