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      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @jeffgardner! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jeffgardner/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jeffgardner) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=jeffgardner)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://files.steempeak.com/file/steempeak/arcange/YqQV5Tbj-image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-commemorative-badge-refactored\">SteemFest⁴  commemorative badge refactored</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
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      "body": "Congratulations @jeffgardner! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jeffgardner/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@jeffgardner)  1 Year on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfRVpHQhLDhnjDtqck8GPv9NPvNKPfMsDaAFDE1D9Er2Z/header_ranking.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-ranking-update-resteem-and-resteemed-added\">SteemitBoard Ranking update - Resteem and Resteemed added</a></td></tr></table>\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
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{
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      "author": "jeffgardner",
      "body": "The “go-to” answer for nearly everything at IRS is “file your 1040.”  So much so that almost everyone believes they are required to do so.  Form 1040 is government’s evidence that it provides Due Process.  Weak evidence, unless you know with confidence the ‘inside baseball’ reasons why they can get away with saying that.  The form is, to IRS, a procedural nuisance the agency is required to meet, even though this “due process” accrues in government’s favor 100% of the time.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbB5Sm6qLAqbA2HCgX4QTL2TxWShdLbgD7stT97eEHMAD/image.png)Anyone unfortunate enough to deal with IRS administrative “due process” knows it is a Byzantine mess.  The total fear of the charade is why most people simply capitulate and fork over huge ransom every year.\n\nAmerican foundations of the 1040\n\nActually, Form 1040 is not as much Byzantine as it is medieval.  Foundations date to Justinian in the 5th century, upon which revenue processes were codified into English law the 12th and 13th century.  Legal principles that are alive and well today.  Their modern enactment is the Form 1040.\n\nStandard IRS procedures follow rules set forth in Murray’s Lessee v Hoboken Land and Improvement Co.  59 U.S. 272 at 277;  18 How. 272 (1856).  There, the Supreme Court said that if the constitution did not say for how Fifth Amendment due process applied to Government’s summary, non-judicial revenue collection, the next best source for guidance was English law when the Fifth Amendment was ratified.1  The Court ruled that the Government must use processes and procedures no different in principle than that used by the King of England to collect debt in 1791.  Those procedures were already settled usage in some of the States.\n\nMore recently Government argued, and the Court agreed, that Murray’s Lessee governs today’s standard IRS procedures.2  This is why the knowledge of ancient English rules and medieval cornerstones upon which Murray’s Lessee depends are required to understand the Form 1040.\n\nEnglish precursor of the 1040\n\nEnglish commerce suffered in the thirteenth century.  Common law had permitted a the debtor’s friends to testify that no debt existed, effectively extinguishing any merchant’s claim that money was owed.  Common law also provided for “no process whereby a man could pledge his body or liberty for payment of a debt.”  Without effective court procedure, and with personal freedom protections against inferior claims, a creditor’s only recourse was to attach the debtor’s property.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmXJ9iYuZxs8yRgwkJQaQ6bZrskBhQXeLjgC6kZuJTHgYE/image.png)Problem was, before King Edward I, the feudal lord owned the debtor’s land.  So a creditor could not go after land property, either.  The only remedy left to satisfy the debt was against personal goods or chattels, which generally meant crops.  In practice, local sheriffs were slow to seize the tools of a neighbor’s livelihood and the local economy just to satisfy a foreign merchant.  In this time of expanding mercantile trade in Europe, England’s common law process hampered foreign commercial interactions.\n\nStatutory relief\n\nThe Statute of Acton-Burnel (1283) and the Statute of Merchants, (1285)3  gave creditors new protections.  Mayors were empowered to enroll recognizances4 - contracts - under the King’s royal seal.  No longer was tedious and costly common law court action required to collect delinquent debts.  Delinquent debtors could be imprisoned, and creditors could seize a debtor’s land on default.  Exhs (3, 4, 5)\n\nThe Statute of the Staple (1353)5 modified these prior statutes.  The Statute of the Staple was governed by the Law Merchant.6  Contracts taken under seal by the mayor became known as the ‘statute staple’, displacing tedious common law in merchant transactions.  The new ‘statute staple’ essentially formed two contracts:  first, for the mercantile transaction itself, and, second, for an open-ended security pledge in case of default on that transaction.\nAgreement to be bound by the terms of these agreements, and thereby gain the benefits of the monopoly, required the one-party statute staple bond that ensured payment for the commercial transaction be voluntary.  Moreover, the statute forbade such recognizance until the “pain of the statute” had been read aloud to the debtor, making him aware it was a deliberate, binding contract.7  Finally, a staple contract to the ruler became a specialty contract8 enrolled as a debt of record.  Exhs (6, 7)   \n\nThe ancient ‘statutes merchant’, ‘statutes staple’, and ‘recognizances in the nature of statute staple’ (‘staples’) faded from commercial market use by the nineteenth century.  American colonials and others had rebelled against English mercantilism.  Grants of trade monopolies, especially for woolens, became dated as mercantile policy for monopoly trading communities were replaced by newer commerce, and ‘staples’ lost their usefulness.  However, the power and energy of statutes staple continued in use by the King and his Exchequer for routine collection of debts.  This is what the Murray Court recognized.  As a result, no collection on an English tax debt could proceed before it became a matter of record in the Exchequer, and collection on an American tax debt could proceed  before it became a matter of record in the Department of the Treasury.  IRS procedures are built on this principle to this day.\n\nAdministrative enforcement\n\nThe writ of extendi facias, or, writ of extent, authorized sheriffs to take person, goods, lands and debts in a single administrative action.  The writ issued out of the Court of Exchequer and, as discussed above, enforced the King’s revenue process long after the process fell out of use in commercial merchant transactions.  No writ could issue until a debt of record was recorded in the Exchequer. \n\n“It would be contrary to the first principles of law and justice, to issue process of execution before it is ascertained what debt is due to the Crown, and such debt become a debt on record.  It may, therefore, be laid down, as a general rule, that till the debt, not being per se of record, be ascertained, and become a record by a commission and proceeding thereon, the Crown is not entitled to process of execution, unless in cases of danger, or insolvency, when an immediate extent may be issued, subject to the rules Which will be mentioned.  The Crown has no election on this subject.  It is bound strictly by this principle.”9\n\nThe Crown could reduce the debtor’s voluntary commitment to a compelling debt of record by one of two administrative processes.  The first was by ‘commission’.  There, a hearing convened before two Barons of the Exchequer.  The judges took testimony under oath in an open proceeding, tested their findings against Exchequer procedures, and sent those findings to its Office of the Pipe for recording on the judgment rolls.  The debtor’s signature, or seal, never appeared.  The commission’s own proceeding became the debt of record.  This process worked for everything except debts of record under the Statute of the Staple.10\n\nThe second process was by that Statute of the Staple.  It required all specialty debts due the king to be “of the same nature, kind, quality, force and effect, to all intents and purposes, as the writings obligatory taken and acknowledged according to the statute of the staple at Westminster…”11  Specialty debts included not only Statute Staple, but also, “recognizances in the nature of a statute staple.”  It excluded ancient recognizances and statute merchant contracts handled by commission.\n\nThe Murray Court also recognized that these ancient statutes were clear:  “To authorize a writ of extent, however, the debt must be matter record in the King’s Exchequer.”12  Today, an IRS levy is no different in principle than a writ of extent.  It is taken and acknowledged according to the statute of the staple at Westminster, and reflected in the Internal Revenue Code, the Internal Revenue Manual, and the procedures at U.S. Tax Court.\n\nModern revenue process and the Form 1040\n\nToday, IRS revenue procedures follow the Murray’s Lessee standard upheld in G.M. Leasing.  They mirror the ancient process, with one exception - the jurisdictional prerequisite for the modern commission, the Tax Court, is voluntary 1040 in a person’s tax file.  The record there a 1040 signed under the person’s seal (penalty of perjury;  a requirement without which IRS does not proceed to act on the document.) and Tax Court findings under its seal.  Since Murray held that due process for non-judicial, administrative revenue procedures must mirror principles of 1791 English process, the Form 1040 must reflect either an Exchequer commission finding or a statute staple bond contract.\nForm 1040 has nothing to do with the first method of reducing a debt to record, the commission finding.  But the form does have all the elements for the second process, a “recognizance in the nature of a statute staple”:  1) it is a one-party document;  2) it is required to be filed under penalty of perjury, the modern form of a ‘seal’;  3) it is treated as a debt of record;  4) it is commercial in nature,13 and,  5) Form 1040 is voluntary.  Therefore, in accord with the ruling of the Murray Court, the 1040 is no different in principle from the statute staple that the King used as a debt of record in 1791.  Just as the King had no seizure authority without the statute staple contract, the United States government has no seizure authority without a Form 1040 appearing in the record.\n\nSo what happens if you do not volunteer a Form 1040?  Since IRS cannot proceed without one, they make one for you.  This is one of the weakest parts of IRS process, upheld by judicial fiat.  “They” is backdoor process built into IRS computers to do automatically through a protal called the Non-Master File for which no accountable (indictable) human being is identified and no record of its production exists.  A dummy 1040 shell magically just shows up.  You will never find a sentient human being, of marals, conscience and fibre, to place on a witness stand.\n\nThe dummy form becomes the basis to make an assessment.  ‘Assessment’ requires human accountability say the courts who recognized the nightmare science fiction scenario of machines run amok.  IRS “meets” this human requirement by having an employee sign off on a master role of each day’s assessments.  This totals several hundred to several thousand, daily.  The signing person verifies that each of the assessments is correct!  Which, of course, means that this highly productive and industrious employee examined the facts, viability and amounts for every one of those case files.  This process continues unless you take the smart steps that challenge the fraud.\n\nSign a 1040 voluntarily and bind yourself and your property to service Washington, DC appetites before your own.  No less so than if you had appeared before the mayor of an English staple town, taken and enrolled a statute staple, and pledged all of your property to the service of the Crown.  Once upon a time, Englishmen living in America fought a war against monopoly privilege and profit.  Today, not so much.",
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      "body": "The “go-to” answer for nearly everything at IRS is “file your 1040.”  So much so that almost everyone believes they are required to do so.  Form 1040 is government’s evidence that it provides Due Process.  Weak evidence, unless you know with confidence the ‘inside baseball’ reasons why they can get away with saying that.  The form is, to IRS, a procedural nuisance the agency is required to meet, even though this “due process” accrues in government’s favor 100% of the time.\n\n     Anyone unfortunate enough to deal with IRS administrative “due process” knows it is a Byzantine mess.  The total fear of the charade is why most people simply capitulate and fork over huge ransom every year.\nAmerican foundations of the 1040\n\n     Actually, Form 1040 is not as much Byzantine as it is medieval.  Foundations date to Justinian in the 5th century, upon which revenue processes were codified into English law the 12th and 13th century.  Legal principles that are alive and well today.  Their modern enactment is the Form 1040.\n\n     Standard IRS procedures follow rules set forth in Murray’s Lessee v Hoboken Land and Improvement Co.  59 U.S. 272 at 277;  18 How. 272 (1856).  There, the Supreme Court said that if the constitution did not say for how Fifth Amendment due process applied to Government’s summary, non-judicial revenue collection, the next best source for guidance was English law when the Fifth Amendment was ratified.1  The Court ruled that the Government must use processes and procedures no different in principle than that used by the King of England to collect debt in 1791.  Those procedures were already settled usage in some of the States.\n\n     More recently Government argued, and the Court agreed, that Murray’s Lessee governs today’s standard IRS procedures.2  This is why the knowledge of ancient English rules and medieval cornerstones upon which Murray’s Lessee depends are required to understand the Form 1040.\nEnglish foundations of the 1040\n\n     English commerce suffered in the thirteenth century.  Common law had permitted a the debtor’s friends to testify that no debt existed, effectively extinguishing any merchant’s claim that money was owed.  Common law also provided for “no process whereby a man could pledge his body or liberty for payment of a debt.”  Without effective court procedure, and with personal freedom protections against inferior claims, a creditor’s only recourse was to attach the debtor’s property.\n\n     Problem was, before King Edward I, the feudal lord owned the debtor’s land.  So a creditor could not go after land property, either.  The only remedy left to satisfy the debt was against personal goods or chattels, which generally meant crops.  In practice, local sheriffs were slow to seize the tools of a neighbor’s livelihood and the local economy just to satisfy a foreign merchant.  In this time of expanding mercantile trade in Europe, England’s common law process hampered foreign commercial interactions.\nStatutory relief\n\n     The Statute of Acton-Burnel (1283) and the Statute of Merchants, (1285)  gave creditors new protections.  Mayors were empowered to enroll recognizances4 - contracts - under the King’s royal seal.  No longer was tedious and costly common law court action required to collect delinquent debts.  Delinquent debtors could be imprisoned, and creditors could seize a debtor’s land on default.\n\n     The Statute of the Staple (1353) modified these prior statutes.  The Statute of the Staple was governed by the Law Merchant.6  Contracts taken under seal by the mayor became known as the ‘statute staple’, displacing tedious common law in merchant transactions.  The new ‘statute staple’ essentially formed two contracts:  first, for the mercantile transaction itself, and, second, for an open-ended security pledge in case of default on that transaction.\nAgreement to be bound by the terms of these agreements, and thereby gain the benefits of the monopoly, required the one-party statute staple bond that ensured payment for the commercial transaction be voluntary.  Moreover, the statute forbade such recognizance until the “pain of the statute” had been read aloud to the debtor, making him aware it was a deliberate, binding contract.  Finally, a staple contract to the ruler became a specialty contract8 enrolled as a debt of record.  \n\n     The ancient ‘statutes merchant’, ‘statutes staple’, and ‘recognizances in the nature of statute staple’ (‘staples’) faded from commercial market use by the nineteenth century.  American colonials and others had rebelled against English mercantilism.  Grants of trade monopolies, especially for woolens, became dated as mercantile policy for monopoly trading communities were replaced by newer commerce, and ‘staples’ lost their usefulness.  However, the power and energy of statutes staple continued in use by the King and his Exchequer for routine collection of debts.  This is what the Murray Court recognized.  As a result, no collection on an English tax debt could proceed before it became a matter of record in the Exchequer, and collection on an American tax debt could proceed  before it became a matter of record in the Department of the Treasury.  IRS procedures are built on this principle to this day.\nAdministrative enforcement\n\n     The writ of extendi facias, or, writ of extent, authorized sheriffs to take person, goods, lands and debts in a single administrative action.  The writ issued out of the Court of Exchequer and, as discussed above, enforced the King’s revenue process long after the process fell out of use in commercial merchant transactions.  No writ could issue until a debt of record was recorded in the Exchequer. \n\n“It would be contrary to the first principles of law and justice, to issue process of execution before it is ascertained what debt is due to the Crown, and such debt become a debt on record.  It may, therefore, be laid down, as a general rule, that till the debt, not being per se of record, be ascertained, and become a record by a commission and proceeding thereon, the Crown is not entitled to process of execution, unless in cases of danger, or insolvency, when an immediate extent may be issued, subject to the rules Which will be mentioned.  The Crown has no election on this subject.  It is bound strictly by this principle.”9\n\n     The Crown could reduce the debtor’s voluntary commitment to a compelling debt of record by one of two administrative processes.  The first was by ‘commission’.  There, a hearing convened before two Barons of the Exchequer.  The judges took testimony under oath in an open proceeding, tested their findings against Exchequer procedures, and sent those findings to its Office of the Pipe for recording on the judgment rolls.  The debtor’s signature, or seal, never appeared.  The commission’s own proceeding became the debt of record.  This process worked for everything except debts of record under the Statute of the Staple.10\n\n     The second process was by that Statute of the Staple.  It required all specialty debts due the king to be “of the same nature, kind, quality, force and effect, to all intents and purposes, as the writings obligatory taken and acknowledged according to the statute of the staple at Westminster…”11  Specialty debts included not only Statute Staple, but also, “recognizances in the nature of a statute staple.”  It excluded ancient recognizances and statute merchant contracts handled by commission.\n\n     The Murray Court also recognized that these ancient statutes were clear:  “To authorize a writ of extent, however, the debt must be matter record in the King’s Exchequer.”12  Today, an IRS levy is no different in principle than a writ of extent.  It is taken and acknowledged according to the statute of the staple at Westminster, and reflected in the Internal Revenue Code, the Internal Revenue Manual, and the procedures at U.S. Tax Court.\nModern revenue process and the Form 1040\n\n     Today, IRS revenue procedures follow the Murray’s Lessee standard upheld in G.M. Leasing.  They mirror the ancient process, with one exception - the jurisdictional prerequisite for the modern commission, the Tax Court, is voluntary 1040 in a person’s tax file.  The record there a 1040 signed under the person’s seal (penalty of perjury;  a requirement without which IRS does not proceed to act on the document.) and Tax Court findings under its seal.  Since Murray held that due process for non-judicial, administrative revenue procedures must mirror principles of 1791 English process, the Form 1040 must reflect either an Exchequer commission finding or a statute staple bond contract.\nForm 1040 has nothing to do with the first method of reducing a debt to record, the commission finding.  But the form does have all the elements for the second process, a “recognizance in the nature of a statute staple”:  1) it is a one-party document;  2) it is required to be filed under penalty of perjury, the modern form of a ‘seal’;  3) it is treated as a debt of record;  4) it is commercial in nature,13 and,  5) Form 1040 is voluntary.  Therefore, in accord with the ruling of the Murray Court, the 1040 is no different in principle from the statute staple that the King used as a debt of record in 1791.  Just as the King had no seizure authority without the statute staple contract, the United States government has no seizure authority without a Form 1040 appearing in the record.\n\n     So what happens if you do not volunteer a Form 1040?  Since IRS cannot proceed without one, they make one for you.  This is one of the weakest parts of IRS process, upheld by judicial fiat.  “They” is backdoor process built into IRS computers to do automatically through a protal called the Non-Master File for which no accountable (indictable) human being is identified and no record of its production exists.  A dummy 1040 shell magically just shows up.  You will never find a sentient human being, of marals, conscience and fibre, to place on a witness stand.\n\n     The dummy form becomes the basis to make an assessment.  ‘Assessment’ requires human accountability say the courts who recognized the nightmare science fiction scenario of machines run amok.  IRS “meets” this human requirement by having an employee sign off on a master role of each day’s assessments.  This totals several hundred to several thousand, daily.  The signing person verifies that each of the assessments is correct!  Which, of course, means that this highly productive and industrious employee examined the facts, viability and amounts for every one of those case files.  This process continues unless you take the smart steps that challenge the fraud.\n\n     Sign a 1040 voluntarily and bind yourself and your property to service Washington, DC appetites before your own.  No less so than if you had appeared before the mayor of an English staple town, taken and enrolled a statute staple, and pledged all of your property to the service of the Crown.  Once upon a time, Englishmen living in America fought a war against monopoly privilege and profit.  Today, not so much.",
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      "body": "LR went to prison for doing what every one should do without second thought;  at least, those who file 1040s.\n\nToo steep a price?  Here's a different dimension.  In prison, LR received six letters.  Six.  He stood up for fundamentals.  Should have received six hundred letters.  Six thousand.  This is a small action to consider, for it links principles worth living for with action that reflects them.  Few fundamentals are so within reach of everyone. // Thank you, LR",
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      "body": "<html>\n<blockquote>“Still, men accept servility in order to acquire wealth; as if they could acquire anything of their own when they cannot even assert that they belong to themselves, or as if anyone could possess under a tyrant a single thing in his own name. Yet they act as if their wealth really belonged to them, and forget that it is they themselves who give the ruler the power to deprive everybody of everything, leaving nothing that anyone can identify as belonging to somebody. They notice that nothing makes men so subservient to a tyrant's cruelty as property; … Most often, after becoming rich by despoiling others, under the favor of his protection, they find themselves at last enriching him with their own spoils.”</blockquote>\n<p>The Framers presumed a cornerstone of civic virtue. They knew an upstart republic could not survive without it, and that the country would fall when personal and public fibre weakened. They hoped that the new union would learn from societies past who gave up freedom, and from ambitious tyrants who filled the vacuum that soon followed. Framers expected despots to lie, cheat, steal, conceal, deceive and obscure -- anything that lulled people away from their protections -- and could only hope that people would stand against it. But over time energy stiffened, will lethargized, and civic consciousness vanguards deteriorated. As a result, tax protections and the procedures to invoke them oxidized.</p>\n<p>All Americans can avail Fourth Amendment and special Fifth Amendment taxation due process. &nbsp;But not everyone should. “There are found almost as many people to whom tyranny seems advantageous,” De la Boetie observed, “as those to whom liberty would seem desirable.” A federal government of few enumerated powers has 4.2 million workers and contracts with many others. Millions more take other extra-constitutional benefits.</p>\n<blockquote>“And whoever is pleased to unwind the skein will observe that not the six thousand but a hundred thousand, and even millions, cling to the tyrant by this cord to which they are tied.”</blockquote>\n<p>The equation is simple: black-letter taxing power funds black-letter spending authority, and extra-constitutional taxation funds extra-constitutional federal power. &nbsp;The more a person depends on income tax receipts for their economic well-being, the stronger their opinion is that someone else has a duty to pay for it. But a compelled duty cannot service extra-constitutionality. Therefore, income taxation that pays for those extra services must be voluntary. Volunteer if you work for, contract with, or retire from:</p>\n<p>* &nbsp;a federal entity that depends on federal income tax receipts;</p>\n<p>* a state entity that adheres to federal rules funded from federal income tax receipts; <em>or</em></p>\n<p>* a state entity that adheres to federal rules outside of Art. I, Sec. 8, Cl. 17 jurisdiction.</p>\n<p>Volunteer if you hold or held licensure set by, or dependent upon, a federal function exercised outside of Art. I, Sec. 8, Cl. 17 jurisdiction.</p>\n<p>Volunteer if you hold or held qualifications set by, or dependent upon, a federal function exercised outside of Art. I, Sec. 8, Cl. 17 jurisdiction.</p>\n<p>Volunteer if you receive payments, grants, entitlements or subsidies funded with income tax receipts.</p>\n<p>Volunteer if you invoke federal power to forward extra-constitutional social engineering issues important to you, single-issue advocacy, or other extra-constitutional purposes.</p>\n<p>Continue to volunteer if you subscribed an oath to uphold, protect or defend the Constitution of the United States from all enemies foreign and domestic. This includes military, public safety professions, federal and state officers, others. Oath-takers are commonly unprepared for their taxation dilemma. On the one hand, they are duty-bound by the terms of their oath to protect against vacant income allegations made against them. On the other hand, it is the oath-bound who routinely engineer, execute, impose, grow, and uphold extra-constitutional federal power. ‘Protecting freedom’, ‘defending the American way of life’, ‘protecting the community’ or ‘putting my life in harm’s way’ are examples of laudable objectives routinely confused with a commitment to protect and defend, or uphold, the Constitution against enemies foreign and domestic.</p>\n<h3><strong>Small crowd</strong></h3>\n<p>So. How many people are left after <em>that</em>? Clearly, modern America is distant from its foundations. To the extent that a life depends on public pretensions, not paying for them is a recipe for collapse. Income tax paid when improper and not paid when proper endangers the republic. The former creates a tyrannical behemoth; the latter, a nation that cannot fund itself. Either way, improper taxation diminishes personal and national vigor.</p>\n<p>Collaring the golden calf is the exact Constitutional remedy. In the unique American system, the power to do so is within reach of everyone. Sound <em>Discourse</em> correctives put things in order. But, it is not a magic elixir that work in a vacuum. If income taxation is corrected but personal fibre is unexamined; lives are un-changed; personal benefits are protected; everyone else’s benefits are curtailed; rights are unguarded; authority is un-scrutinized; dictates are obeyed; despotic power is venerated; lies are overlooked; kleptocracies are supported and spending is unchecked, the American experiment ends.</p>\n<blockquote>It is incredible,” De la Boetie noticed, “how, as soon as a people become subject, it promptly falls into such complete forgetfulness of its freedom that it can hardly be roused to the point of regaining it. Obeying so easily and so willingly … that this people has not so much lost its liberty as won its enslavement.”</blockquote>\n<p>People naturally want to carve in property protection and safety parts of the equation and overlook the cost and risk parts. If that temptation ever could work, it ceased being an option long ago. Nor can a promise of personal change, later, be conditioned on public change, today. These sorts of self-negotiations once bought time, but no longer. &nbsp;A twenty trillion note debt is double that of less than a decade ago and, like any other killer drug, requires even more spending to simply maintain the status quo.</p>\n<p>This-all said, few can easily forsake the modern living standards for a more sustainable existence. Fewer will embrace that change. What do <em>you</em> choose to do? On the one hand, every person who invokes those protections strengthens vitality and weakens despots. On the other hand, rights invoked without responsibility gravely endanger the republic. Now is the time to figure out how much artifice you can keep and what the risk is for doing so. The aggregate of this individual action will either sculpt a strong republic or confuse it with the memory of one. &nbsp;</p>\n<h3><strong>Make it Real.</strong> <strong>Because it is.</strong></h3>\n<p>Discourse began by saying that modern Americans cling to bondage, and that freedom can be reclaimed.</p>\n<blockquote>“If in order to have liberty nothing more is needed than to long for it,” Etienne de la Boetie observed, ”if only a simple act of the will is necessary, is there any nation in the world that considers a single wish too high a price to pay in order to recover rights which it ought to be ready to redeem at the cost of its blood, rights such that their loss must bring all men of honor to the point of feeling life to be unendurable and death itself a deliverance?”</blockquote>\n<p>The modern process demands none of the warfare or violence common to peoples past who tried to recover what had withered away. The unique American idea and government structure designed to reflect it brings recovery within reach of anyone who wants it. If your income taxation does not reflect your values, it is past time to act. &nbsp;</p>\n<p><br></p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;The United States Constitution provides for routine funding of government. A pretty smart Constitutional design supplies national revenue, makes normal taxes voluntary, and limits revenue to non-confiscatory levels. For a century, tariffs funded duties assigned to the federal government, supplemented by direct taxes of finite amounts for a finite time in rare situations. Autocrats who wanted to remain autocrats needed to undermined funding constraints. In 1913, they did.</p>\n<p>The 1913 income tax has many variables. All are easily changed. Tax rate, tax base, &nbsp;deductions, bracket graduation &amp;c. Rapid manipulation of these adjustments quickly abandoned political fictions spun to sell the original legislation. As a result, the new tax blurred, then effectively removed, the most important Constitution constraints on government. Limits imposed by voluntary tariffs and direct taxes vanished. “The tremendous expansion in the yield of this tax since 1913,” IRS wrote in 1968: &nbsp;</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;“has resulted chiefly from: 1) changes in law – increased rates, lower income requirements for filing returns, and lower personal exemptions enacted to defray part of unusual expenses for national defense emergencies, <em>and</em> 2) long-term growth of the economy resulted in larger tax yields in peace times – even though rates may have been reduced.” (emphasis in original)&nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Nearly unlimited income tax expansion became the norm. Nearly unlimited government followed. Warfare became permanent, and new wars demanded more taxes. As a result, expanded wartime-level income tax collections continued into peacetime, unchecked. Constitutionally-limited tariffs quietly retired in favor of a new cash cow – the seemingly permanent, seemingly bottomless, income tax. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;It did not start that way. The small tax imposed on an even smaller number of people in October, 1913. While controversial, the new tax enjoyed popular support because it advertised to impose only on the very rich -- about one percent of people paid income tax in 1913. By 1945, absent any substantive change in the tax, almost all wage earners filed and paid.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;The 1913 top rate - seven percent – mushroomed to seventy-seven percent by 1918 and ninety-four percent by the close of World War II. With a one-hundred percent proposal by FDR in between! The 1913 bottom rate, one percent, grew twenty-three-fold by the end of that war. The 1913 bottom rate tax base, $20,000, decreased tenfold to $2000 by World War II. The minimum filing requirement in 1913, $3000, was more than triple the average wage of the time. By the end of World War II, a $500 floor required nearly everyone to file. The cash cow had become a golden calf.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Of the factors that changed income tax receipts between 1913 and 1945, the most daunting turned out to be the seemingly harmless information return. The 1917 introduction of Form 1099 pressured payors to allege they paid Constitutionally-taxable income to recipients, even as the meaning of ‘income’ and ‘income derived’ for income tax purposes remained unsettled for years thereafter. As a result, no information return maker – not one -- had any idea what payments constituted income taxable under the Constitution. Still, allegations of income, without facts or law, became the conditioned routine.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;In 1944, the federal government leveraged the information return process. They decided to collect income tax on property as it was earned. The new Form W-2 caused Form 1040 filings to increase 845%, from just before World War II to war’s end. As a result, the individual income tax became government’s largest single source of revenue by 1944. Without any substantive tax changes, and with a population increase of only six percent, income tax revenues gsrew twelve-fold between 1940 and 1945. The W-2 revealed the autocrat’s worldview that government had first right to people’s property, and aimed to get that property before its true owners did. This could happen only if a nation focused on war overlooked liability, assessment and collection due process protections. They did.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Meanwhile, courts who had opined piecemeal about the doubtful constitutionality of individual income taxes never did opine on the matter <em>in para materia.</em> &nbsp;They never have. Narrowly crafted, off-point, and often conflicting decisions further fueled the controversy. Still unresolved, application of the income tax to people in the 21st century is accomplished only by threat, intimidation, custom, subterfuge and force. &nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "<html>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;Unfamiliarity, disinterest, and fear create today’s perfect income taxation storm. Unfamiliarity - who can make sense of an undecipherable tax code? Disinterest - income taxation is a bore. Fear – accountability to a Byzantine process long on presumption, short on fact, devoid of understanding.</p>\n<p>Lawyers say they understand. They do not. Tax attorneys say they understand. Few do. Employers say they care. They don’t. Human Resource bots say they know. Clueless they are. Judges say they know. Jurists who, a century later, cannot say if the tax is direct, indirect, or neither, even in courts across the street from one another. IRS says they know. The agency only proposes solutions, and refuse accountability for answers it offers. Meanwhile, you are required to understand the income tax perfectly.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;All of these people hold themselves out as taxation authorities. Each pursues interests not your own. Income allegors accuse you, under penalty of perjury without facts or witnesses, yet with no fear of prosecution. Attorneys want billable hours. Employers want IRS peace at any cost, no matter what law says. Human Resources exhibit reasoning fatal if exercised throughout the enterprise. Judges protect government revenues, parse tax law stacked in favor of government, and ignore limits of jurisdiction and jurisprudence. Revenuers chase anything that earns a bonus. They refuse to sign anything under penalty of perjury, but demand that you do.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Flisaintx.files.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F04%2Fpropaganda_dontthink.jpg&amp;imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Flionelmedia.com%2F2011%2F10%2F28%2Flionel-podcast-are-you-filled-with-a-fire-rage-do-you-seethe-or-have-you-habituated-have-you-surrendered%2F&amp;docid=sXtUEAo7JfTLpM&amp;tbnid=kvCXd4FZwZ5EQM%3A&amp;vet=1&amp;w=320&amp;h=540&amp;bih=947&amp;biw=1920&amp;ved=0ahUKEwj8k4rD7ZTXAhWM5YMKHQbeBzgQxiAIGSgB&amp;iact=c&amp;ictx=1\"/></p>\n<p>And, you will. In the process, you confirm presumptions that authorize IRS to empty your bank account. You call IRS thieves for acting on what your employer did without authority, but which you approved anyway. Thereafter, people who question are steamrolled, ruined or imprisoned. Ir-rational risk is required to access Star chamber administrative proceedings, a process IRS admits is stacked hopelessly in their favor. Facts are dismissed as argument; and a terrified American public is silenced. If you fear April 15th more than you celebrate July 4th, it may be time to re-think fundamentals.</p>\n<p>How the nation arrived at oppressive income taxation is not the particular focus of the <em>Discourse</em>. How you unwind from it is. ‘Unwinding’ that does not include confronting the tax bureaucracy, arguing pliable tax law in their courts, or engaging administrative sophistry they know and you don’t. &nbsp;Play their game, you lose.</p>\n<p>There is a better way. You do not have to be a lawyer, CPA or taxation wonk to stand for yourself properly. But you do have to exercise choices fundamental to all free people. Prerogatives within reach of all Americans, and safer than how people are conditioned to file.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;In 2008 a small group of people from across the nation gathered. They investigated what the income tax behemoth had become, exhaustively. The how’s, the why’s, and what to do about them. For years they examined how people with correct tax positions became imprisoned, and why countless other lives were altered or ruined. The group examined sound tax fundamentals. They examined popular tax theories bogus, imaginative, fraudulent, or un-provable. They learned where government was correct and it is provably wrong. And, they examined the action of a small number of people who had quietly rebuffed the income tax for decades. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;The results shifted priorities. No longer did it appear necessary to memorialize ever-higher mountains of evidence that exposed the income tax fraud. Rather, focus properly turned to crafting effective remedy. &nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;The group developed blueprints. They cleared overgrowth atop forgotten fundamentals no longer taught is government schools. They examined statutes and regulations, standing judicial opinions, and IRS policy and procedure. A sound foundation of critical scrutiny emerged, one scrutinized brick at a time. Answers developed that did not require endless shelves of legal books; answers safer to use than 1040s. And in the end, answers hidden in plain sight for a nation no longer educated in Constitution contours or how to animate them.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>&nbsp;Meanwhile, despots moved with urgent speed to frame their unbridled power as the norm. “Custom becomes the first reason for voluntary servitude,” De la Boetie said, noting that people act “like handsome race horses who first bite the bit and later like it, and rearing under the saddle a while soon learn to enjoy displaying their harness and prance proudly beneath their trappings.”&nbsp;</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;“Similarly, men will grow accustomed to the idea that they have always been in subjection, that their fathers lived in the same way; they will think they are obliged to suffer this evil, and will persuade themselves by example and imitation of others, finally investing those who order them around with proprietary rights, based on the idea that it has always been that way.”&nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>A century of conditioning has created generations who only know income tax fear. Since government schools no longer teach American foundations, 21st century Americans endure tax bludgeoning entirely of their own making. The genius of the construct is that it requires individuals to indict themselves before government can do anything. &nbsp;</p>\n<blockquote>&nbsp;“It is true that in the beginning men consent under constraint and force. But those who come after them obey without regret, and perform willingly what their predecessors did because they had to. This is why men born under the yoke, then nourished and reared in slavery, are content, without further effort, to live in their native circumstance. Unaware of any other state or right, and considering quite natural the state into which they were born.”&nbsp;</blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;Meanwhile, the Constitutional blueprint to stand against despotic rule gathers dust. Washington chuckles in public, belly-laughs in private. But smoke and mirrors, bluster and fear, does not change the nature of the income tax that requires individual decisions and individual performance.&nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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      "body": "Actually, you are that free!  Luria v US, 213 US 9",
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      "body": "Just your having head of the book, much less read it, are all the bona fides you need here!  People don't come across de la Boetie by mistake  You'll recognize other cites from him in future writing.",
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      "body": "Great post! I read this book last year.  Informative, entertaining, thought provoking, fast read.  Very well written.",
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      "body": "Hey steeminganarchy, the exact same thing happened to me today.  And yesterday.  Any finger pointed at you means four more are pointed at me!",
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      "body": "Actually Simon, it isn't.  The Byzantine way the US tax code is constructed does indeed make it \"voluntary\".  People laugh at this, but it really is true.  The key is to learn how to not 'volunteer'!  It took some years for us to figure it out, and how to effectively \"not volunteer\". within the maze constructed by 1400 IRS lawyers over a century.",
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