Ecoer Logo

@jerald

39

spiritual environmental creative

steemit.com/@jerald
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS1.20%
Net Worth
0.000USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
2.031SP
├── Own SP
0.000SP
└── Incoming Deleg
+2.031SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
0.000SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
2.031SP
Effective Power
2.031SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.000SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "3302.347019 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namejerald
id256943
rank1,471,252
reputation36048577353
created2017-07-13T03:58:30
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count55
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2020-01-14T09:04:33
last_root_post2020-01-14T09:04:33
last_vote_time2024-12-01T23:46:15
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power9,799
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares3302.347019 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance0.000000 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn5883495385
to_withdraw5883495385
withdraw_routes1
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update2021-01-11T15:37:21
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment2021-12-07T17:08:42
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM7XVyjw6qX8mWJN6cgJZfCv5gWDrW7nt6jjvhcmtxVQj9aAJ23m",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "can_vote": true,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "created": "2017-07-13T03:58:30",
  "curation_rewards": 17,
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 825586754,
    "last_update_time": 1733096775
  },
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "id": 256943,
  "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Jerald\",\"location\":\"Singapore\",\"profile_image\":\"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg\",\"about\":\"Prospective Psychology/Environmental Studies major at Yale-NUS College\",\"website\":\"https://medium.com/@jerald\"}}",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "2021-01-11T15:37:21",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_post": "2020-01-14T09:04:33",
  "last_root_post": "2020-01-14T09:04:33",
  "last_vote_time": "2024-12-01T23:46:15",
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "market_history": [],
  "memo_key": "STM5vJGCje1S1aJ3Bx2aFgeQPwfQFxVbWJkpHXnKfDa68wYynChJk",
  "mined": false,
  "name": "jerald",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "other_history": [],
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5Kbx3nFerYF6Wyco8chWnMikVAsD2mb1cDDeXYipXCqo5igBxf",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "post_bandwidth": 0,
  "post_count": 55,
  "post_history": [],
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [
      [
        "busy.app",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM8B3h2UUEePg837Zb2rdCK5S4v1ywt652QhEvkV1GUEH1Prh1wZ",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Jerald\",\"location\":\"Singapore\",\"profile_image\":\"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg\",\"about\":\"spiritual environmental creative\",\"website\":\"https://medium.com/@jerald\",\"version\":2}}",
  "posting_rewards": 4669,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "proxy": "",
  "received_vesting_shares": "3302.347019 VESTS",
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "reputation": "36048577353",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "2021-12-07T17:08:42",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "2021-12-07T17:08:42",
  "tags_usage": [],
  "to_withdraw": "5883495385",
  "transfer_history": [],
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vote_history": [],
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 3236300078,
    "last_update_time": 1733096775
  },
  "voting_power": 9799,
  "withdraw_routes": 1,
  "withdrawn": "5883495385",
  "witness_votes": [],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "rank": 1471252
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
whiteleggion
100.000%STEEM
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": [
    {
      "auto_vest": false,
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "id": 111364,
      "percent": 10000,
      "to_account": "whiteleggion"
    }
  ]
}
From Date
To Date
2024/12/01 23:46:15
voterjerald
authormidobashamido
permlinkbro-s-weight-just-doesn-t-increase
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #90863237/Trx 0398c216acabb580844f2768576be09493e276c7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0398c216acabb580844f2768576be09493e276c7",
  "block": 90863237,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-12-01T23:46:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "jerald",
      "author": "midobashamido",
      "permlink": "bro-s-weight-just-doesn-t-increase",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
2024/02/25 04:57:06
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkre-htliao-a-brief-introduction-of-the-great-authors-from-hong-kong-part-2-20170821t193616974z
authorbrustel
permlinkre-re-htliao-a-brief-introduction-of-the-great-authors-from-hong-kong-part-2-20170821t193616974z-20240225t045705z
title
bodyYou've got the X-factor!
json metadata{"app": "beem/0.24.26"}
Transaction InfoBlock #82812715/Trx c8b9b78f62953731f4a9f6d50f043128c8c3c3c1
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "c8b9b78f62953731f4a9f6d50f043128c8c3c3c1",
  "block": 82812715,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2024-02-25T04:57:06",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "jerald",
      "parent_permlink": "re-htliao-a-brief-introduction-of-the-great-authors-from-hong-kong-part-2-20170821t193616974z",
      "author": "brustel",
      "permlink": "re-re-htliao-a-brief-introduction-of-the-great-authors-from-hong-kong-part-2-20170821t193616974z-20240225t045705z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "You've got the X-factor!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"app\": \"beem/0.24.26\"}"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldreceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2022/04/05 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountjerald
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #63047427/Virtual Operation #5
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 63047427,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 5,
  "timestamp": "2022-04-05T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "jerald",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldsent 0.806 STEEM to @whiteleggion from power down installment (0.904 SP)
2022/04/05 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountwhiteleggion
withdrawn1470.873844 VESTS
deposited0.806 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #63047427/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 63047427,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 4,
  "timestamp": "2022-04-05T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "whiteleggion",
      "withdrawn": "1470.873844 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.806 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldreceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2022/03/29 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountjerald
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62846813/Virtual Operation #8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62846813,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 8,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-29T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "jerald",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldsent 0.805 STEEM to @whiteleggion from power down installment (0.904 SP)
2022/03/29 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountwhiteleggion
withdrawn1470.873847 VESTS
deposited0.805 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62846813/Virtual Operation #7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62846813,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 7,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-29T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "whiteleggion",
      "withdrawn": "1470.873847 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.805 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldreceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2022/03/22 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountjerald
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62646215/Virtual Operation #3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62646215,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 3,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-22T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "jerald",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldsent 0.805 STEEM to @whiteleggion from power down installment (0.904 SP)
2022/03/22 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountwhiteleggion
withdrawn1470.873847 VESTS
deposited0.805 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62646215/Virtual Operation #2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62646215,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 2,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-22T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "whiteleggion",
      "withdrawn": "1470.873847 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.805 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldreceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2022/03/15 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountjerald
withdrawn0.000000 VESTS
deposited0.000 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62445600/Virtual Operation #41
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62445600,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 41,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-15T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "jerald",
      "withdrawn": "0.000000 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldsent 0.804 STEEM to @whiteleggion from power down installment (0.904 SP)
2022/03/15 15:09:21
from accountjerald
to accountwhiteleggion
withdrawn1470.873847 VESTS
deposited0.804 STEEM
Transaction InfoBlock #62445600/Virtual Operation #40
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "block": 62445600,
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 40,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-15T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "whiteleggion",
      "withdrawn": "1470.873847 VESTS",
      "deposited": "0.804 STEEM"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldset power down withdrawal route to @whiteleggion (100.00%)
2022/03/08 15:09:36
from accountjerald
to accountwhiteleggion
percent10000
auto vestfalse
Transaction InfoBlock #62245007/Trx 033b060a042c9c08f337d06cf113ef5084c72c3e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "033b060a042c9c08f337d06cf113ef5084c72c3e",
  "block": 62245007,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-08T15:09:36",
  "op": [
    "set_withdraw_vesting_route",
    {
      "from_account": "jerald",
      "to_account": "whiteleggion",
      "percent": 10000,
      "auto_vest": false
    }
  ]
}
jeraldstarted power down of 3.618 SP
2022/03/08 15:09:21
accountjerald
vesting shares5883.495385 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #62245002/Trx 9cfae3dfda919d934e3022b2cb473d6986cc3d56
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "9cfae3dfda919d934e3022b2cb473d6986cc3d56",
  "block": 62245002,
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-03-08T15:09:21",
  "op": [
    "withdraw_vesting",
    {
      "account": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "5883.495385 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.031 SP to @jerald
2022/01/17 12:22:30
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares3302.347019 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #60811108/Trx bd3b3548952476eb115b5992644d3d6319c6b63b
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "bd3b3548952476eb115b5992644d3d6319c6b63b",
  "block": 60811108,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2022-01-17T12:22:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "3302.347019 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldsent 3.462 SBD to @fuadmuhammad
2021/12/07 17:08:42
fromjerald
tofuadmuhammad
amount3.462 SBD
memo
Transaction InfoBlock #59647974/Trx d105aeb7957e0ce1cf2c39bd19efc27803080bd2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d105aeb7957e0ce1cf2c39bd19efc27803080bd2",
  "block": 59647974,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-12-07T17:08:42",
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "from": "jerald",
      "to": "fuadmuhammad",
      "amount": "3.462 SBD",
      "memo": ""
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.144 SP to @jerald
2021/06/14 02:14:00
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares3486.115677 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #54609416/Trx 8078554d1ceb4b3d22bc74c5e2679db50580641a
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "8078554d1ceb4b3d22bc74c5e2679db50580641a",
  "block": 54609416,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-06-14T02:14:00",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "3486.115677 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldupdated their account properties
2021/01/11 15:37:21
accountjerald
json metadata
posting json metadata{"profile":{"name":"Jerald","location":"Singapore","profile_image":"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg","about":"spiritual environmental creative","website":"https://medium.com/@jerald","version":2}}
extensions[]
Transaction InfoBlock #50241719/Trx 9b58f028f68491e6ba16a57ab3c7a58c46ca1aec
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "9b58f028f68491e6ba16a57ab3c7a58c46ca1aec",
  "block": 50241719,
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2021-01-11T15:37:21",
  "op": [
    "account_update2",
    {
      "account": "jerald",
      "json_metadata": "",
      "posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Jerald\",\"location\":\"Singapore\",\"profile_image\":\"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg\",\"about\":\"spiritual environmental creative\",\"website\":\"https://medium.com/@jerald\",\"version\":2}}",
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.259 SP to @jerald
2020/12/11 12:30:48
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares3673.537651 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49356816/Trx 489a4decd0990028ffb1d9d14f9d0a9234d926fa
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "489a4decd0990028ffb1d9d14f9d0a9234d926fa",
  "block": 49356816,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-11T12:30:48",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "3673.537651 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @jerald
2020/12/06 06:07:36
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares1912.543513 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49208370/Trx 7cba919512eb982ac1076ca426ac776a3f82e1f3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "7cba919512eb982ac1076ca426ac776a3f82e1f3",
  "block": 49208370,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-06T06:07:36",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.263 SP to @jerald
2020/12/05 16:09:03
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares3679.745505 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #49191915/Trx 5f34a58a84d6c09654f33e7fded8ef5e973a6d77
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5f34a58a84d6c09654f33e7fded8ef5e973a6d77",
  "block": 49191915,
  "trx_in_block": 13,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-12-05T16:09:03",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "3679.745505 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @jerald
2020/11/02 18:30:30
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares1920.017158 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #48261182/Trx 715cbb8c171f910def44a8cfe9e5c8848e9c98bb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "715cbb8c171f910def44a8cfe9e5c8848e9c98bb",
  "block": 48261182,
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-11-02T18:30:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 2.374 SP to @jerald
2020/06/09 02:51:30
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares3861.081869 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #44088969/Trx be8d283814e5c0e081f46822e9aef56dce16d521
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "be8d283814e5c0e081f46822e9aef56dce16d521",
  "block": 44088969,
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-06-09T02:51:30",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "3861.081869 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 16.206 SP to @jerald
2020/05/09 07:06:27
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares26356.391055 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43218641/Trx e6a7d489dfe983be2032b3377acf7ed45fe32245
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "e6a7d489dfe983be2032b3377acf7ed45fe32245",
  "block": 43218641,
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-09T07:06:27",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "26356.391055 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 1.794 SP to @jerald
2020/05/08 10:54:54
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares2918.185729 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #43194976/Trx c6dcc1fe0e9fec723219c3ba1df2cf9c293e60aa
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "c6dcc1fe0e9fec723219c3ba1df2cf9c293e60aa",
  "block": 43194976,
  "trx_in_block": 6,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-05-08T10:54:54",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "2918.185729 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 16.263 SP to @jerald
2020/03/10 03:45:42
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares26449.619663 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #41518979/Trx d81a6e62c4e8bbab249b849cc678f348ed6dd9f6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "d81a6e62c4e8bbab249b849cc678f348ed6dd9f6",
  "block": 41518979,
  "trx_in_block": 11,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-10T03:45:42",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "26449.619663 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2020/03/10 02:00:15
voterjerald
authorandrewmarkmusic
permlink64pxg2-steemit-s-upside-down-and-sideways-blues
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #41516874/Trx ca79ae062bd4bb64b1a6c16df3c791d60c04d190
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "ca79ae062bd4bb64b1a6c16df3c791d60c04d190",
  "block": 41516874,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-10T02:00:15",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "jerald",
      "author": "andrewmarkmusic",
      "permlink": "64pxg2-steemit-s-upside-down-and-sideways-blues",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
jeraldclaimed reward balance: 0.700 SBD, 0.511 SP
2020/03/10 01:58:51
accountjerald
reward steem0.000 STEEM
reward sbd0.700 SBD
reward vests830.650507 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #41516846/Trx 75e208b50664db8e704732469350a86c6238bc66
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "75e208b50664db8e704732469350a86c6238bc66",
  "block": 41516846,
  "trx_in_block": 22,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-03-10T01:58:51",
  "op": [
    "claim_reward_balance",
    {
      "account": "jerald",
      "reward_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
      "reward_sbd": "0.700 SBD",
      "reward_vests": "830.650507 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
2020/01/16 00:18:54
voterjerald
authorsteemhunt
permlinkall-new-reviewhunt-set-to-launch-simpler-but-greater
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39963875/Trx 0ad453cfa550bcc32d21256aca91129d9c18f0b3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "0ad453cfa550bcc32d21256aca91129d9c18f0b3",
  "block": 39963875,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-16T00:18:54",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "jerald",
      "author": "steemhunt",
      "permlink": "all-new-reviewhunt-set-to-launch-simpler-but-greater",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 16.577 SP to @jerald
2020/01/14 11:14:21
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares26959.837775 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #39919478/Trx 5a81c60dc75c8f5f1a632948f276b8282da63475
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "5a81c60dc75c8f5f1a632948f276b8282da63475",
  "block": 39919478,
  "trx_in_block": 17,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T11:14:21",
  "op": [
    "delegate_vesting_shares",
    {
      "delegator": "steem",
      "delegatee": "jerald",
      "vesting_shares": "26959.837775 VESTS"
    }
  ]
}
raise-me-upupvoted (0.01%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:27:06
voterraise-me-up
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight1 (0.01%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39917337/Trx 016203db6b8e66532a0c8eef49699f5c07486954
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "016203db6b8e66532a0c8eef49699f5c07486954",
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  "trx_in_block": 26,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:27:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "raise-me-up",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 1
    }
  ]
}
ralph-rennoldsonupvoted (0.37%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:13:36
voterralph-rennoldson
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight37 (0.37%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39917067/Trx 1c2e5444050fbbc441997cd77709d236dd24551e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "1c2e5444050fbbc441997cd77709d236dd24551e",
  "block": 39917067,
  "trx_in_block": 24,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:13:36",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "ralph-rennoldson",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 37
    }
  ]
}
jeraldupvoted (100.00%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:13:09
voterjerald
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39917058/Trx 14a7be670a7edf443de339dda6ef07166d5dd4d7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "14a7be670a7edf443de339dda6ef07166d5dd4d7",
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  "trx_in_block": 29,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:13:09",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "jerald",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
jeraldpublished a new post: test
2020/01/14 09:12:51
parent author
parent permlinkbusy
authorjerald
permlinktest
titleReturn to Steemit!
body Hi everyone! It's been awhile since I've been in the Steemit community due to graduation, job searching, and adjusting to full time work, and it seems like a lot has changed. Will be back to posting quality content, and getting to know people in this space again. Topics I'm interested in include social impact/change, environmentalism, psychology, religion, design, music, art, and gaming. Hit me up if you would like a new friend, and cheers! :)
json metadata{"community":"busy","app":"busy/2.5.6","format":"markdown","tags":["busy","freewrite","tuesdaythoughts","thoughts","blog","writing","community"],"users":[],"links":[],"image":[]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39917052/Trx 4b3c9da23fdad282641ed8b6bb66e64257a0a0b0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "4b3c9da23fdad282641ed8b6bb66e64257a0a0b0",
  "block": 39917052,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:12:51",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "busy",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "title": "Return to Steemit!",
      "body": " Hi everyone! It's been awhile since I've been in the Steemit community due to graduation, job searching, and adjusting to full time work, and it seems like a lot has changed. Will be back to posting quality content, and getting to know people in this space again. \n\nTopics I'm interested in include social impact/change, environmentalism, psychology, religion, design, music, art, and gaming.\n\nHit me up if you would like a new friend, and cheers! :)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"community\":\"busy\",\"app\":\"busy/2.5.6\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"tags\":[\"busy\",\"freewrite\",\"tuesdaythoughts\",\"thoughts\",\"blog\",\"writing\",\"community\"],\"users\":[],\"links\":[],\"image\":[]}"
    }
  ]
}
busy.orgupvoted (0.45%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:11:06
voterbusy.org
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight45 (0.45%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39917017/Trx b627d33a131b05ee3b9dea88f9c45d7e01ce6ab0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "b627d33a131b05ee3b9dea88f9c45d7e01ce6ab0",
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  "trx_in_block": 23,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:11:06",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "busy.org",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 45
    }
  ]
}
jeraldpublished a new post: test
2020/01/14 09:11:00
parent author
parent permlinkbusy
authorjerald
permlinktest
titleReturn to Steemit!
body Hi everyone! It's been awhile since I've been in the Steemit community due to graduation, job searching, and adjusting to full time work, and it seems like a lot has changed. Will be back to posting quality content, and getting to know people in this space again. Topics I'm interested in include social impact/change, environmentalism, psychology, religion, design, music, art, and gaming. Hit me up if you would like a new friend, and cheers! :)
json metadata{"community":"busy","app":"busy/2.5.6","format":"markdown","tags":["busy"],"users":[],"links":[],"image":[]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39917015/Trx 01ba7a94d55abee5df61a30bd92959ae69e36579
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "01ba7a94d55abee5df61a30bd92959ae69e36579",
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  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:11:00",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "busy",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "title": "Return to Steemit!",
      "body": " Hi everyone! It's been awhile since I've been in the Steemit community due to graduation, job searching, and adjusting to full time work, and it seems like a lot has changed. Will be back to posting quality content, and getting to know people in this space again. \n\nTopics I'm interested in include social impact/change, environmentalism, psychology, religion, design, music, art, and gaming.\n\nHit me up if you would like a new friend, and cheers! :)",
      "json_metadata": "{\"community\":\"busy\",\"app\":\"busy/2.5.6\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"tags\":[\"busy\"],\"users\":[],\"links\":[],\"image\":[]}"
    }
  ]
}
laissez-faireupvoted (100.00%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:08:30
voterlaissez-faire
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39916965/Trx 11fd4402928f0b53d000d184e03ec808439174d9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "11fd4402928f0b53d000d184e03ec808439174d9",
  "block": 39916965,
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:08:30",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "laissez-faire",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ]
}
anomalyupvoted (1.00%) @jerald / test
2020/01/14 09:08:24
voteranomaly
authorjerald
permlinktest
weight100 (1.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #39916963/Trx 2e45e04ef0282e8a6b62d27aaa7db3fce765c05c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "2e45e04ef0282e8a6b62d27aaa7db3fce765c05c",
  "block": 39916963,
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:08:24",
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "voter": "anomaly",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "weight": 100
    }
  ]
}
jeraldpublished a new post: test
2020/01/14 09:07:18
parent author
parent permlinkbusy
authorjerald
permlinktest
titleBack in the Steemit community
body
json metadata{"community":"busy","app":"busy/2.5.6","format":"markdown","tags":["busy"],"users":[],"links":[],"image":[]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39916941/Trx 9443db2fc4464d25f92b70870e1fcb9821b587d2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "9443db2fc4464d25f92b70870e1fcb9821b587d2",
  "block": 39916941,
  "trx_in_block": 32,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:07:18",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "busy",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "title": "Back in the Steemit community",
      "body": " ",
      "json_metadata": "{\"community\":\"busy\",\"app\":\"busy/2.5.6\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"tags\":[\"busy\"],\"users\":[],\"links\":[],\"image\":[]}"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldupdated options for test
2020/01/14 09:04:33
authorjerald
permlinktest
max accepted payout1000000.000 SBD
percent steem dollars10000
allow votestrue
allow curation rewardstrue
extensions[]
Transaction InfoBlock #39916886/Trx 97ce272c3070eb37cb9774f966e6f5ce8c68c966
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "97ce272c3070eb37cb9774f966e6f5ce8c68c966",
  "block": 39916886,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:04:33",
  "op": [
    "comment_options",
    {
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "max_accepted_payout": "1000000.000 SBD",
      "percent_steem_dollars": 10000,
      "allow_votes": true,
      "allow_curation_rewards": true,
      "extensions": []
    }
  ]
}
jeraldpublished a new post: test
2020/01/14 09:04:33
parent author
parent permlinkbusy
authorjerald
permlinktest
titletest
body
json metadata{"community":"busy","app":"busy/2.5.6","format":"markdown","tags":["busy"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #39916886/Trx 97ce272c3070eb37cb9774f966e6f5ce8c68c966
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "97ce272c3070eb37cb9774f966e6f5ce8c68c966",
  "block": 39916886,
  "trx_in_block": 21,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:04:33",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "",
      "parent_permlink": "busy",
      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "test",
      "title": "test",
      "body": " ",
      "json_metadata": "{\"community\":\"busy\",\"app\":\"busy/2.5.6\",\"format\":\"markdown\",\"tags\":[\"busy\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
jeraldupdated their account properties
2020/01/14 09:03:39
accountjerald
posting{"weight_threshold":1,"account_auths":[["busy.app",1]],"key_auths":[["STM8B3h2UUEePg837Zb2rdCK5S4v1ywt652QhEvkV1GUEH1Prh1wZ",1]]}
memo keySTM5vJGCje1S1aJ3Bx2aFgeQPwfQFxVbWJkpHXnKfDa68wYynChJk
json metadata{"profile":{"name":"Jerald","location":"Singapore","profile_image":"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg","about":"Prospective Psychology/Environmental Studies major at Yale-NUS College","website":"https://medium.com/@jerald"}}
Transaction InfoBlock #39916868/Trx b3a39bde3a7a093f014160f49eab62211d724184
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "b3a39bde3a7a093f014160f49eab62211d724184",
  "block": 39916868,
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2020-01-14T09:03:39",
  "op": [
    "account_update",
    {
      "account": "jerald",
      "posting": {
        "weight_threshold": 1,
        "account_auths": [
          [
            "busy.app",
            1
          ]
        ],
        "key_auths": [
          [
            "STM8B3h2UUEePg837Zb2rdCK5S4v1ywt652QhEvkV1GUEH1Prh1wZ",
            1
          ]
        ]
      },
      "memo_key": "STM5vJGCje1S1aJ3Bx2aFgeQPwfQFxVbWJkpHXnKfDa68wYynChJk",
      "json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"name\":\"Jerald\",\"location\":\"Singapore\",\"profile_image\":\"https://image.ibb.co/jOb69v/jerald.jpg\",\"about\":\"Prospective Psychology/Environmental Studies major at Yale-NUS College\",\"website\":\"https://medium.com/@jerald\"}}"
    }
  ]
}
2019/07/13 05:20:18
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-jerald-20190713t052018000z
title
bodyCongratulations @jerald! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jerald/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jerald) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=jerald)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
Transaction InfoBlock #34617479/Trx e0cbc3b2bc5c159268e841b52f8abd489cce42e8
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "trx_id": "e0cbc3b2bc5c159268e841b52f8abd489cce42e8",
  "block": 34617479,
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-07-13T05:20:18",
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "parent_author": "jerald",
      "parent_permlink": "bike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie",
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-jerald-20190713t052018000z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Congratulations @jerald! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jerald/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@jerald) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=jerald)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}"
    }
  ]
}
steemdelegated 3.026 SP to @jerald
2019/05/12 17:52:36
delegatorsteem
delegateejerald
vesting shares4921.705632 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #32849055/Trx 566cfa76d94cb147ba4b4a99434f81a235de8a69
View Raw JSON Data
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2018/07/13 05:03:45
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
authorsteemitboard
permlinksteemitboard-notify-jerald-20180713t050347000z
title
bodyCongratulations @jerald! You have received a personal award! [![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@jerald/birthday1.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@jerald) 1 Year on Steemit <sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest - Semi Finals - Day 1](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-semi-finals-day-1) --- **Participate in the [SteemitBoard World Cup Contest](https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-world-cup-contest-collect-badges-and-win-free-sbd)!** Collect World Cup badges and win free SBD Support the Gold Sponsors of the contest: [@good-karma](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=good-karma&approve=1) and [@lukestokes](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=lukestokes.mhth&approve=1) --- > Do you like [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)? Then **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
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steemdelegated 3.149 SP to @jerald
2018/05/16 21:56:51
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2018/04/28 18:10:18
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authorbondy007
permlinkre-jerald-06300357054626a7a318a5f856f166b8eb9b922c
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bodySuccess! You claimed a genesis stake of 1000001. trxid:06300357054626a7a318a5f856f166b8eb9b922c Thanks for using POCKET! I am running [this confirmer code.](https://github.com/biophil/pocket)
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steemdelegated 15.749 SP to @jerald
2018/02/16 04:56:33
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2018/01/19 18:02:21
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future
authorjrvacation
permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20180119t180222353z
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bodyHi !! Nice to meet you! We are currently trying to create a Steemit community for fellow Singaporeans. Inspired by what other countries had done (teamaustralia, teammalaysia, etc), a community will help Singapore Steemians to grow together. We can share ideas, collaborate efforts and learn from each other. If you are interested, feel free to join this newly created Facebook group and unite together! https://www.facebook.com/groups/steemsingapore/ Hope to see you participate in this community! #teamsingapore
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jeraldreceived 0.011 SBD, 0.004 SP author reward for @jerald / bike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
2018/01/16 04:19:45
authorjerald
permlinkbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
sbd payout0.011 SBD
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vesting payout6.142980 VESTS
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2018/01/09 08:38:54
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parent permlinkbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
authorcheetah
permlinkcheetah-re-jeraldbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
title
bodyHi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: https://medium.com/@jerald/bike-sharing-in-vassar-poughkeepsie-41eaa0e622b
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2018/01/09 08:38:48
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2018/01/09 04:19:45
voterjerald
authorjerald
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2018/01/09 04:19:45
parent author
parent permlinktravel
authorjerald
permlinkbike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie
titleBike-Sharing in Vassar & Poughkeepsie
body<html> <p>https://media.licdn.com/media/AAMAAQDGAAoAAQAAAAAAAAz8AAAAJDY2YzYwZjFmLWQ4OTgtNDY4Mi05YmExLTk2M2FjMzJhMmY3MQ.jpg</p> <p><em>A pink bike parked in front of Sunset Lake at Vassar taken by alumnae </em><a href="https://www.vassar.edu/vq/spring-summer-2010/index.html"><em>Evan Abramson</em></a><em>, class of&nbsp;‘00&nbsp;</em></p> <p>“Oh really? I didn’t know that!” is the most common response I get when I ask about Vassar’s now defunct bike sharing service. About <a href="https://www.vassar.edu/headlines/2007/we-got-wheels.html">a decade</a> after the 30 pink bikes were donated to start Vassar‘s Shared Bike Program by the class of 2009 and alumnus Paul Lehman ’86, only scattered stories and <a href="http://vassarchronicle.com/section/vassar-local/pink-bike/">one or two pink bikes </a>remain. Perhaps just a little ahead of its time, the program quickly disintegrated due to thefts, vandalism, and misuse, mostly by <a href="https://issuu.com/miscellanynews/docs/misc_12.8.11_web/6">Vassar students themselves</a>. Isa Pengskul, a current junior, recounts stories of students “not respecting the bikes” including one instance where “some ended up in being thrown into Sunset Lake probably as a result of some drunk dare”.</p> <p>I myself only found out about the program sometime after starting this project investigating bike sharing in Vassar and Poughkeepsie (Picture of the original pink bike fleet below). I had the privilege to do a one semester exchange at Vassar this fall, and coming from Singapore, where bike sharing had just been implemented and had made a <a href="https://medium.com/@jerald/bike-sharings-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-2abccd1d24b9">strong impression</a> on me in the month before flying to the US, I sought to investigate the possibility of starting something similar either on campus or in the city. As such, I jumped on the opportunity to do so as part of a <a href="https://fieldwork.vassar.edu/">Community Engaged Learning</a> placement with the Vassar Environmental Cooperative and Office of Sustainability.&nbsp;</p> <p>(https://steemitimages.com/DQmVZYrcbGSvj2j7Tmvsk5ezjhe4vuiWGfjSp4dHidVMDQb/pinkbikefleet.jpg)</p> <h3><strong>Aim</strong></h3> <p>As I was only at Vassar for the semester, I wanted to embark on a project that could be completed in the short term. I decided to do some background research on the cost-benefit, feasibility, and public opinion on bike sharing, and more generally, on bike-use, at Vassar and in Poughkeepsie. The goal of this background research is then to create a review and analysis that transport and sustainability organizations or future students might draw and build on in future.</p> <h3>Methodology</h3> <p>In my previous semester at Yale-NUS, I was first exposed to bike-sharing as part of an environmental studies seminar. We studied the implementation of bike-sharing as one of six case studies to better understand and replicate macro-level strategies for good environmental policymaking. I decided to supplement this knowledge with further review of bike sharing literature, focusing more on the dimensions of social equity and public opinion.</p> <p>In addition to this theoretical scaffolding, I conducted ten interviews with individuals and organizations with a stake in transportation in Vassar and Poughkeepsie, and with students from various classes and biking backgrounds. These school and city administrators, student organizations, and student cyclists filled in my information gap on the local context due to the short term nature of my stay, and gave me an idea of the general sentiment on bike-sharing at Vassar and in the city.</p> <h2>Why biking?</h2> <p>Before turning to bike-sharing, I thought it would be worthwhile to discuss the larger scope it is located within: biking. Why has there been a push by cities towards increased bike infrastructure and adoption, is it beneficial, and if so to who and to what extent? Below, I list the major health, environmental, social, and economic imperatives for cities to increase bike-use.</p> <h3>Health Imperative</h3> <p>Biking is an opportune solution to the increase in chronic health problems those in cities face. Physical inactivity has been <a href="http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/1/1">cited</a> as the largest public health problem of the 21st century. The World Health Organization <a href="http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/">reports</a> insufficient physical activity as “one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide”, as well as “a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes”. <strong>Regular physical activity, such as biking, can reduce mortality, health risks, and combat existing health conditions.</strong> It has been <a href="http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/assets/page_documents/EIMFactSheet_2014.pdf">demonstrated</a> to lower the risk of:</p> <ul> <li>recurrent breast cancer by ~50%</li> <li>colon cancer by &gt;60%</li> <li>developing of Alzheimer’s disease by ~40%</li> <li>heart disease and high blood pressure by ~40%</li> <li>stroke by 27%.</li> <li>developing type II diabetes by 58%</li> </ul> <p>as well as being “twice as effective in treating type II diabetes than the standard insulin prescription” and as “as [effective] as Prozac or behavioral therapy” for treating depression.</p> <p>Biking in particular is a good choice of regular physical activity for <a href="https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/cycling-health-benefits">a number of reasons</a>. Biking is:</p> <ul> <li>low impact — causing less strain and injuries than most other forms of exercise</li> <li>well-rounded — using all of the major muscle groups and training stamina, strength and aerobic fitness</li> <li>easy — does not require high levels of physical skill or additional special equipment or spaces; intensity can be controlled; hard to forget once learned</li> <li>efficient —replacing sedentary time on and air &amp; noise pollution from motor vehicles or public transport with healthy exercise</li> </ul> <p><img src="https://steemitimages.com/DQmUhSapJX14H45yGkFEmnV9SQYSCGW6vobggzJqDk5WrFo/health.png" width="792" height="792"/></p> <p><a href="https://www.pinterest.com/pin/160863017917273694/"><em>The multiple health benefits from biking</em></a></p> <h3>Environmental Imperative</h3> <p>Biking can help to alleviate pressures put on the environment from current transport emissions as well as inculcate environmental awareness and citizenship. The US Environmental Protection Agency <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions">reports</a> <strong>27% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2015 can be accounted for by transport</strong>, making it the second largest contributor of greenhouse gases after the electricity sector in the US. <a href="https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data">Globally</a>, 95% of the world’s transportation energy came from petroleum-based fuels, and 14% of 2010 global greenhouse gas emissions was accounted for by transportation, with passenger cars and light-duty trucks accounting for over half of the emissions from the sector.</p> <blockquote><em>“Cycling 10 km each way to work would</em> <a href="https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Travel-and-transport/Cycling/Benefits.aspx"><em>save</em></a><em>1500 kg of greenhouse gas emissions each&nbsp;year.”&nbsp;</em></blockquote> <p>Biking utilizes no fuel and is a pollution-free transportation option, while at the same time displacing the need to build, service and dispose of cars. Bikes take less energy and <a href="https://www.umt.edu/asum/asum_agencies/Transportation/bike/about/benefits/default.php">materials</a> to make. The reduction in rubber used to build bikes compared to cars buses can help reduce deforestation as “the huge amount of rubber and lubricants used in cars clears thousands and thousands of acres of forests for rubber plantations”. Reduced metal usage also helps to cut down on mining, which “can devastate landscapes and cause more deforestation”, as well as create water, air, and soil pollution.</p> <p>Biking can also help reduce environmental degradation caused directly from cars. “Traffic delays and interruptions to traffic flow in Australia’s six major cities <a href="https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Travel-and-transport/Cycling/Benefits.aspx">account for around 13 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions each year</a>”. By shifting just some drivers to bikes during during peak hours, cities can reduce congestion and improve traffic flow, further minimizing the environmental impact of cars.</p> <p>As for our non-human friends, reduced noise pollution from increased bike-use would reduce disturbance to those who are more affected by sound as well as <a href="https://www.umt.edu/asum/asum_agencies/Transportation/bike/about/benefits/default.php">less roadkill</a>.&nbsp;</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAu6AAAAJGQ5Y2M0ZWVhLTg4MmUtNDA2Ny05ZmJlLTVjYjZlYjEyZDgzZA.jpg" width="500" height="200"/></p> <p>This inforgraphic details roadkill numbers in <a href="http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2909573">Korea, 2008</a>; a more recent <a href="http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160927000781">report </a>totals 17,036 deaths between 2012–2015, with an increase each year. Wildlife also benefits from a reduction in parking spaces or the need for new parking spaces for motorized vehicles, which often <a href="http://homeguides.sfgate.com/pros-environment-riding-bikes-79378.html">displace plant and animal life and create heat islands that contribute to global warming</a>. A caveat here is that biking can lead to its own set of environmental damage as well that should be <a href="https://www.imba.com/resources/research/trail-science/environmental-impacts-mountain-biking-science-review-and-best-practices">mitigated </a>when planning biking infrastructure in areas with more wildlife. Biking can then engender environmental awareness and citizenship through <a href="https://trid.trb.org/view/1356059">ripple effects</a> from more exposure to the natural world.</p> <h3>Social Imperative</h3> <p>There are also various social benefits that biking brings about. Biking allows for <strong>increased interaction with others and a better sense of local geography</strong> and communities as it removes the sheets of metal barriers between individuals and the environment that are motor vehicles. This increased interaction is especially notable for the youth and elderly. In a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2014/oct/16/why-cyling-is-great-for-everyone-not-just-cyclists">piece</a> in favor of increased bike-use in the UK, Peter Walker discusses how “better access to cycling can assist independence for younger people — almost half of Dutch primary school children ride to school against about 1% in the UK” as well as “help older people avoid isolation, as well as stay mentally and physically healthy.”</p> <p>Biking engenders a reduction in noise, smell, and danger that makes community <a href="https://bicyclensw.org.au/info/benefits/#Social%20Equity">more accessible and attractive</a>. It creates more equitable connectivity, giving lower income individuals greater access to opportunities outside of their immediate location. Paul Hesse, Community Development Coordinator for the city of Poughkeepsie, discussed with me how constructing a bike route that connects lower income neighborhoods health facilities near Marist College and Dutches Community College could open up a range of low-skilled but valuable job opportunities for these individuals that would otherwise be less accessible.</p> <h3>Economic Imperative</h3> <p>Contrary to the belief that a shift away from cars would result in economic losses, biking has been demonstrably beneficial for both individuals, local businesses, and city prosperity. UMass Amherst professor, Nancy Folbre, explains the <a href="https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/04/the-bicycle-dividend/">economic logic</a> behind increased efforts to promote bicycle use:</p> <blockquote><em>Cars enjoy huge direct subsidies in the form of road construction and public parking spaces, as well as indirect subsidies to the oil industry that provides their fuel. These subsidies far exceed the tax revenue generated by car use.</em></blockquote> <p>Biking programs and infrastructure can be <a href="http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6456">far cheaper than automobile infrastructure</a>. “A mile’s worth of urban highway can cost US$20–80 million and often more, compared to a few thousand dollars or up to a million dollars for biking infrastructure. Similarly, bike parking is some 30 to 300 times cheaper than car parking”.</p> <p>Despite costing far less, “bike and pedestrian infrastructure projects create 46 percent more jobs than road projects built strictly for cars”, according to a <a href="https://usa.streetsblog.org/2011/06/21/streets-built-for-bikes-and-pedestrians-also-yield-more-jobs/">study </a>analyzing 58 projects in 11 cities. Two examples illustrate a stark difference between the efficacy of these infrastructure projects for job creation: “a roadway-focused project with no bicycle or pedestrian components in Santa Cruz, Calif. generated <strong>4.94 jobs per $1 million spent</strong>. In contrast, a bicycle-focused project in Baltimore, Md. produced <strong>14.35 jobs per million</strong>”.</p> <p>Additionally, cars contribute to the health, environmental, and social issues discussed which result in further economic costs as well such as the loss of natural resources from environmental degradation and healthcare costs from higher accident rates and sedentary lifestyles.</p> <p>Another reason for cities to embrace biking is that it can help with <a href="http://bicyclecoalition.org/facts-biking-improves-business/#sthash.IA1GhsyZ.5K1wJ8Ys.dpbs">economic revitalization</a>. Cyclists have been found to spend more money at local businesses than those who travel by car, foot, or public transport. The implementation of bike lanes have also been shown to <a href="https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0xHj6OM3QVWMUxScjZuMndxVkk/edit">boost sales in neighboohood business districts</a> despite businesses’ initial opposition to these facilities due to concern about customers’ access to their storefront. The removal of twelve parking spots adjacent to the business district at NE 65th and Latona Ave NE in Seattle, in favor of a bike climbing lane was followed by a 350% increase in sales two quarters later compared to no change at the neighborhood-wide and comparison sites</p> <p><img src="https://steemitimages.com/DQmZBG9ik8s3Fp5L5YPu8GPzyKjTtSYyyNAymZqs3Hgu2Vu/econ.png" width="640" height="426"/></p> <p>Cities who refuse to make the transition to increased biking also risk <a href="http://peopleforbikes.org/blog/bicycling-means-better-business/">losing companies and younger workers to those that do</a>: Christine Fruechte, CEO of Colle McVoy, reports how since their move to downtown Minneapolis, their “employees are healthier, happier and more productive” and they are “<strong>attracting some of the best talents in the industry</strong>”. David A. Wilson, director at the Minneapolis office of the Accenture shares that “good biking opportunities are <strong>important to the well-educated 25–35 year-olds he seeks to hire</strong>”.</p> <h3>Imperative for non-bikers</h3> <p>The benefits of biking also <a href="https://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/getting-around/info-2016/why-bicycling-infrastructure-is-good-for-people-who-dont-ride-bikes.html">extend to those who do not bike</a>. By increasing the amount of bike lanes, the AARP Livable Communities discuss how traffic is calmed by reduced road widths signalling drivers to go slower and reduce the distance pedestrians are in contact with motor vehicles. Additionally, bikers have an alternative to biking on the <a href="http://www.bike.cornell.edu/pdfs/Sidewalk_biking_FAQ.pdf">sidewalk</a> and <a href="https://tomdemerly.com/2015/06/24/how-dangerous-is-road-cycling/">roads</a> which both have their own dangers. Coupling increased bike-use with bike lanes also leads to less congestion for pedestrians and drivers as some of their fellow residents take to the bike-life. Furthermore, some of the health and social benefits from biking extend to non-bikers as well — a reduction in noise and air pollution, and an increase in community interactions benefit all.</p> <h2>Why bike-sharing?</h2> <p>Implementing bike-sharing has various advantages over or alongside increasing individual bike ownership. One advantage is that users <strong>do not have to find a parking space for their bikes or worry about its safety</strong>. Senior Wu Jia Min shares how “sometimes it takes longer to bike to class than to walk because of having to remember where [she] parked [her] bike and to unlock and lock it”. A bike-sharing system, whether docked or dockless, would remove this hassle from students who want to bike to class.</p> <p>Another advantage bike-sharing has is that it serves as a means of <strong>one-way transportation</strong> and can be used as a <strong>‘</strong><a href="http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10724679/closing-the-gap-bike-shares-help-complete-the-last-mile">last-mile</a><strong>’ connector to public transportation</strong>. Shared bikes can be parked at the station for the next passenger to use, while another bike can be boarded upon arriving at the bus or train stop next to one’s destination. This also allows for travel to multiple stops or on different routes as bikers do not have to return to the original stops where they would have left their own bikes.</p> <p>Most importantly however, bike-sharing seems like a promising means of <strong>accelerating the transition to high bike-use cities</strong>. A key debate in the shift towards increased bike-use in cities is the chicken and egg problem of <strong>whether to first build biking infrastructure or increase bike-use itself</strong>. On one hand, increasing bike use is difficult without infrastructure. Biking is largely unsafe due to a lack of bike lanes/roads with low-speed and low-volume traffic and bike friendly policies. It is also undesirable due to a lack of workplace showers and bicycle connectors. On the other, building infrastructure requires high capital, consensus among many actors, and risks not being utilized if bike use does not see an equal increase along with it.</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAA7HAAAAJGYzYmU2MTAxLWYwY2YtNGFkMi04ZjYyLTg2M2UxY2JhZjcyZQ.jpg" width="750" height="492"/></p> <p>Bike-sharing is an intermediary option to address this problem. By flooding an area with a plethora of bikes, bike-sharing overcomes the barrier to bike acquisition and use for individuals who are otherwise apathetic towards biking given the current bike infrastructure or rather, lack of it. Depicted are bikers using the <a href="https://www.buffalorising.com/2016/07/reddy-bikeshare-has-arrived/">Reddy bike-share </a>service in Buffalo, New York. Emily S. Dozier, Senior Planner at the Dutchess County Transportation Council, noted in a 2008 whitepaper how bike-sharing could “expand the health and wellness benefits of bicycle transportation beyond traditional enthusiast groups to everyone living or working in the center city”. Additionally, bike-sharing in its present form can begin to shape the construction of bike-infrastructure. Emily shares with me how the “new technology bike-share projects use can provide city planners with information to help figure out how to build infrastructure more efficiently”, as they can observe bicycle traffic and parking flows as well as trip details.</p> <h3>Sentiment on Bike-Sharing in Poughkeepsie</h3> <p>At the onset of the project, I assumed it would be more equitable for bike-sharing to be implemented across the city instead of just at Vassar. While Paul, the Community Development Coordinator at the City, talks about the job opportunities that could be opened up with new bike routes, he also shares how “many of the low income in Poughkeepsie have employment outside city boundaries, such as near a mall, which are not within a bikeable distance, and would prefer or require cars” and that biking would be used “only for short trips to stores”. As such, bike-sharing wouldn’t be meeting a need for bike-ownership or bike-use for most of the city’s residents. Instead, there might be sufficient reason and effort to push for infrastructural changes first in Poughkeepsie.</p> <p>In a presentation by Peter Barnard of Scenic Hudson on current plans for the city, one of the main projects detailed was the <a href="http://cityofpoughkeepsie.com/pcccp/about/">Poughkeepsie City Centre Connectivity Project</a> as part of an effort to move the city away from an automobile focus and create bicycle and pedestrian networks alongside the redevelopment of the waterfront. Both Peter and <a href="https://medium.com/thegroundhog/the-complex-roads-of-poughkeepsie-d85fac424b68">Poughkeepsie Mayor Rob Rolison</a> lament the construction of the the 6-lane Route 9 North-South and the 3-lane Route 44/55 East-West arterials in the 70s, which cut through the city and a major commercial corridor and cut off part of the city from the waterfront respectively. Rolison says that back then the focus for development was on getting from point A to point B the fastest way, and that the waterfront wasn’t valuable back then. Peter describes how this development has led to a “dangerously high volume and speed of traffic that created safety issues felt by residents in the city”, as well as social and economic decline due to community and commercial disruption. The Poughkeepsie City Centre project aims to reclaim Market Street “for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities”.</p> <p>While it might be unsuitable or still too early for bike-sharing to make its debut in Poughkeepsie, it is heartening to know that the city is creating more biking infrastructure and increasing bike-usage in other ways.While a city-wide bike-share program does not seem presently feasible or largely beneficial, both Paul and Emily see more promise in setting up contained bike-sharing programs in areas like Vassar and other colleges, on motor-free locations such as the Walkway Over the Hudson or the Dutchess Rail Trail, or during temporary events that draw large amounts of visitors like the Jazz in the Valley festival. They think that a higher density of users and established bike infrastructure would allow bike-sharing to succeed in these contexts and allow for them to serve as trial and gateway sites for more widespread adoption in the future. While freshman Zhang Ling Xiu is skeptical of bike-sharing’s success on the Vassar campus due to costs students would not want to pay, he thinks implementing it on places like the Rail Trail would be “a good starting point”. Emily is hopeful that bike-sharing even in this bounded capacity can “change culture and awareness in the long term if people do start using the bikes”. Emily also notes that there could be safety concerns due to bike-share users being untrained and not using helmets, which would “make areas such as the Walkway an easier environment”. However, she also shares how “bike-share projects like Albany’s, which didn’t have a lot of bike lanes, helmets, or education seems to be working out so far — way more usage than expected” and that upon rolling out the Citi Bike program, “NYC reported a surprisingly few number of incidents”.</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAqcAAAAJDc1M2JkNGQ5LWM2NTAtNGQzOS04ZGRiLWI5YTBjNGU3ZTZmMA.jpg" width="750" height="562"/></p> <p>Regardless of what form bike-sharing might appear in eventually, political-economic partnerships seem to be vital. Emily notes that “public-private partnerships with hospitals and the healthcare sector, like <a href="https://www.healthquest.org/hq/home.aspx">HealthQuest</a>, that promote physical activity in the Hudson Valley”, seem promising as there is a common health issue that can be organized around. She also suggests working with existing bike programs such as <a href="https://spoke2015.wordpress.com/">SPOKE</a> (depicted above), which organizes bike rides and provides rescued bikes. In the long term however, both Emily and Paul view cooperation between multiple entities, such as the city, local colleges, and the private sector, to be necessary to implement something larger in scale, as they have observed with their recent difficulty in trying to add a bike lane to Hooker Avenue due to existing on street parking regulations and street sweeping practices.</p> <h3>Suggestions for bike-sharing at&nbsp;Vassar</h3> <p>Given its history with the failure of the pink bike-sharing program in the past, it is crucial for Vassar to first work out an appropriate strategy for ensuring equitable and respectful use. The factors that likely led to the downfall of the pink bikes program should also be carefully considered before implementing a a new system. The Shared Bikes program gave students “<a href="https://www.vassar.edu/headlines/2007/we-got-wheels.html">a key that will unlock any pink bike</a>” with a one time $10 dollar payment. Post-payment, it was almost impossible to keep track of who used which bikes when and whether they left them intact and functional or even at least properly parked them. With new technological innovations in identification and tracking, responsibility over the bikes can still be entrusted to students while holding them accountable for cases of misuse. A mobile app could be used for keeping track of usage as well as an unlocking mechanism. Alternatively, Jia Min suggests that students could “use their VCard to check them out”, allowing for perhaps a shared payment system with Vcash, used for laundry, food, and other services.</p> <p>Another area that has to be worked out is funding for starting the program and subsequent upkeep. The donation and class gift only yielded an insufficient number of 30 bikes and was not sustainable for the loss and damages that followed. Alistair Hall, Office of Sustainability head, has looked into employing Zagster, a bike-sharing platform, to start bike-sharing at Vassar in the past. However, the high costs associated with acquiring their service quickly closed that option. Two other models could be considered. The first is through enlisting companies like Mobike and Ofo, who are not paid but pay for the opportunity to set up their services to capture market share. While Adele&nbsp;, a sophomore, “see[s] the benefit of external organizations running [the bike-share program]”, she feels that it is “wrong for an external company to come in and profit off bike-sharing” and “personally would want to see profit going back to Vassar”. A second option would then be to enlist a company or organization that could sponsor the program in return for branding and tie ups with their own business, similar to what New York City has done with Citi Bike. This would allow for any surplus of value to go back to Vassar while sponsors benefit from good publicity.</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAqaAAAAJGY0NDRiMTQ0LTM1NjQtNGU0Ny04ZjhjLTkyYzRiOGU3NzRkZg.jpg" width="550" height="383"/></p> <p><em>Payment across bike-sharing companies have been largely&nbsp;</em><a href="http://chinaplus.cri.cn/news/business/12/20170428/3788.html"><em>centralized</em></a><em>&nbsp;in&nbsp;China</em></p> <p>On the user end, Ling Xiu reckons that students will not be willing to fork out much if any money to use the bikes, as those who are able and willing to would already have their own bikes. We discussed how it would be important to make it seem like students are not spending any money to use the bikes, either by adding the fee to general student costs individuals pay along with their tuition, or by giving students a top up of credits every semester like the Arlington Bucks students are given to purchase food outside of the catering service. Adele too, thinks that “students wouldn’t be willing to pay for the program”, but could see a “deposit based on financial aid” system working, in which students put up collateral that is scaled based on financial need which they will get back as long as they do not misuse the bikes. My various student interviewees also brought up how students at Vassar might be against certain large corporate actors running or branding the program, and that they would be more supportive of a ‘green’ or sustainable organization.</p> <p>As for what type of parking system to adopt, students generally feel that a docked system might be more beneficial for the Vassar context. Adele mentions how a dockless system would be subject to a “high risk of theft”, and Jia Min feels that despite lacking in flexibility, “even if it’s a parking lot system it would still be useful” as it “would be easier to regulate”. Ling Xiu is also in favor of a docked system as he believes that it is more suitable “for the US with less people and more regulations”.</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAnGAAAAJGQ3ZWYwM2RiLTc4MTAtNGVlYy1iMDZjLWI2ODQ2ZTBhOTlhZA.png" width="750" height="500"/></p> <p><a href="https://slate.com/business/2017/12/dock-less-bike-share-is-ready-to-take-over-u-s-cities.html"><em>The advent (and success) of dockless bike-share in the&nbsp;US?</em></a></p> <p>Alternatively, should another hub start its own bike-sharing service, such as Marist College or the Walkway, it might be beneficial then to use these factors to evaluate the merits and pitfalls of the way they choose to implement it and adjust the strategy for Vassar accordingly.</p> <h3>General suggestions for&nbsp;biking</h3> <p>Aside from bike-sharing, this project also yielded other useful takeaways for biking in Vassar. Speaking to Charles and Alexia, who run the Vassar Bike-Shop, provided some insight into what changes student cyclists want to see on campus. Regarding security and thefts on campus, they felt that it would be more effective to move resources from night patrols to subsidizing U-locks for student cyclists. Adele shares how her use of a chain lock in lieu of a U-lock is a primary concern for not using her own bike as frequently, as she was wary of parking it outside during less busy hours. Such a policy change would benefit students like her more than the current security patrols which are more reactionary than effective.</p> <p>Adele also brings up how there is a lack of “defined guidelines for bike use and storage on campus”, resulting in her receiving infraction notices that leave her still unsure about what the rules are. She suggests that a clear set of guidelines for biking both on and off campus would be helpful for students who are biking for the first time in Vassar or Poughkeepsie. For instance, she observes how “ biking on sidewalk is okay in Vassar, but not in Poughkeepsie”. These guidelines seem necessary as well before bike-sharing can be implemented, for safety purposes.</p> <p><img src="https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAsSAAAAJDMyY2U3ZmVkLTE4YzAtNGYyYi04ODExLTcxYWYwNmIyOWY4MQ.jpg" width="1000" height="750"/></p> <p><em>Without clearly demarcated&nbsp;</em><a href="https://www.npr.org/2016/10/16/496865680/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-cycling-on-the-sidewalk"><em>bike lanes</em></a><em>, where should bikers&nbsp;bike?</em></p> <p>Additionally, the Bike Shop managers are looking to conduct an inventory of bike racks and storage on campus. Other students and faculty have also discussed the possibility of using GIS to add these locations to a <a href="https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f1b1c5cc25e14160b4232738cbfb7be9">searchable map of bike parking locations in Dutchess County</a>. These suggestions would be helpful for seeing where additional bike infrastructure should optimally be added, and also for increasing bike use.</p> <h2>Concluding thoughts</h2> <p>The rapid adoption of bike-sharing programs bodes well for the health, environmental, social, and economic dimensions of cities globally. While bike-sharing can accelerate the process of bike infrastructure and provide niche benefits such as last-mile connection, it is also important to keep our eyes trained onto the long term goal of bike adoption and bike-use. For cities like Poughkeepsie, a large bike-sharing program may not be the most efficient means to attain that goal. As for implementing a smaller bike-share program in places like Vassar, the various factors of usage guidelines, accountability, partnerships, funding, and parking types should be carefully considered to ensure successful adoption and long term sustainability. I hope that if I ever get the chance to visit Poughkeepsie again years down the road I will be greeted with students and residents on bikes, a more vibrant, safe, and clean community, and sweet, sweet, protected bike lanes as far as the eye can see.</p> <p><em>This article has also been published on </em><a href="https://medium.com/@jerald/bike-sharing-in-vassar-poughkeepsie-41eaa0e622b"><em>Medium</em></a><em> and </em><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bike-sharing-vassar-poughkeepsie-jerald-lim"><em>LinkedIn</em></a><em>.</em><br> &nbsp;</p> </html>
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Transaction InfoBlock #18816800/Trx 94159ee4512d988e251ba001145978e0eac8e67d
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      "author": "jerald",
      "permlink": "bike-sharing-in-vassar-and-poughkeepsie",
      "title": "Bike-Sharing in Vassar & Poughkeepsie",
      "body": "<html>\n<p>https://media.licdn.com/media/AAMAAQDGAAoAAQAAAAAAAAz8AAAAJDY2YzYwZjFmLWQ4OTgtNDY4Mi05YmExLTk2M2FjMzJhMmY3MQ.jpg</p>\n<p><em>A pink bike parked in front of Sunset Lake at Vassar taken by alumnae </em><a href=\"https://www.vassar.edu/vq/spring-summer-2010/index.html\"><em>Evan Abramson</em></a><em>, class of&nbsp;‘00&nbsp;</em></p>\n<p>“Oh really? I didn’t know that!” is the most common response I get when I ask about Vassar’s now defunct bike sharing service. About <a href=\"https://www.vassar.edu/headlines/2007/we-got-wheels.html\">a decade</a> after the 30 pink bikes were donated to start Vassar‘s Shared Bike Program by the class of 2009 and alumnus Paul Lehman ’86, only scattered stories and <a href=\"http://vassarchronicle.com/section/vassar-local/pink-bike/\">one or two pink bikes </a>remain. Perhaps just a little ahead of its time, the program quickly disintegrated due to thefts, vandalism, and misuse, mostly by <a href=\"https://issuu.com/miscellanynews/docs/misc_12.8.11_web/6\">Vassar students themselves</a>. Isa Pengskul, a current junior, recounts stories of students “not respecting the bikes” including one instance where “some ended up in being thrown into Sunset Lake probably as a result of some drunk dare”.</p>\n<p>I myself only found out about the program sometime after starting this project investigating bike sharing in Vassar and Poughkeepsie (Picture of the original pink bike fleet below). I had the privilege to do a one semester exchange at Vassar this fall, and coming from Singapore, where bike sharing had just been implemented and had made a <a href=\"https://medium.com/@jerald/bike-sharings-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-2abccd1d24b9\">strong impression</a> on me in the month before flying to the US, I sought to investigate the possibility of starting something similar either on campus or in the city. As such, I jumped on the opportunity to do so as part of a <a href=\"https://fieldwork.vassar.edu/\">Community Engaged Learning</a> placement with the Vassar Environmental Cooperative and Office of Sustainability.&nbsp;</p>\n<p>(https://steemitimages.com/DQmVZYrcbGSvj2j7Tmvsk5ezjhe4vuiWGfjSp4dHidVMDQb/pinkbikefleet.jpg)</p>\n<h3><strong>Aim</strong></h3>\n<p>As I was only at Vassar for the semester, I wanted to embark on a project that could be completed in the short term. I decided to do some background research on the cost-benefit, feasibility, and public opinion on bike sharing, and more generally, on bike-use, at Vassar and in Poughkeepsie. The goal of this background research is then to create a review and analysis that transport and sustainability organizations or future students might draw and build on in future.</p>\n<h3>Methodology</h3>\n<p>In my previous semester at Yale-NUS, I was first exposed to bike-sharing as part of an environmental studies seminar. We studied the implementation of bike-sharing as one of six case studies to better understand and replicate macro-level strategies for good environmental policymaking. I decided to supplement this knowledge with further review of bike sharing literature, focusing more on the dimensions of social equity and public opinion.</p>\n<p>In addition to this theoretical scaffolding, I conducted ten interviews with individuals and organizations with a stake in transportation in Vassar and Poughkeepsie, and with students from various classes and biking backgrounds. These school and city administrators, student organizations, and student cyclists filled in my information gap on the local context due to the short term nature of my stay, and gave me an idea of the general sentiment on bike-sharing at Vassar and in the city.</p>\n<h2>Why biking?</h2>\n<p>Before turning to bike-sharing, I thought it would be worthwhile to discuss the larger scope it is located within: biking. Why has there been a push by cities towards increased bike infrastructure and adoption, is it beneficial, and if so to who and to what extent? Below, I list the major health, environmental, social, and economic imperatives for cities to increase bike-use.</p>\n<h3>Health Imperative</h3>\n<p>Biking is an opportune solution to the increase in chronic health problems those in cities face. Physical inactivity has been <a href=\"http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/43/1/1\">cited</a> as the largest public health problem of the 21st century. The World Health Organization <a href=\"http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/\">reports</a> insufficient physical activity as “one of the leading risk factors for death worldwide”, as well as “a key risk factor for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer and diabetes”. <strong>Regular physical activity, such as biking, can reduce mortality, health risks, and combat existing health conditions.</strong> It has been <a href=\"http://www.exerciseismedicine.org/assets/page_documents/EIMFactSheet_2014.pdf\">demonstrated</a> to lower the risk of:</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>recurrent breast cancer by ~50%</li>\n  <li>colon cancer by &gt;60%</li>\n  <li>developing of Alzheimer’s disease by ~40%</li>\n  <li>heart disease and high blood pressure by ~40%</li>\n  <li>stroke by 27%.</li>\n  <li>developing type II diabetes by 58%</li>\n</ul>\n<p>as well as being “twice as effective in treating type II diabetes than the standard insulin prescription” and as “as [effective] as Prozac or behavioral therapy” for treating depression.</p>\n<p>Biking in particular is a good choice of regular physical activity for <a href=\"https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/cycling-health-benefits\">a number of reasons</a>. Biking is:</p>\n<ul>\n  <li>low impact — causing less strain and injuries than most other forms of exercise</li>\n  <li>well-rounded — using all of the major muscle groups and training stamina, strength and aerobic fitness</li>\n  <li>easy — does not require high levels of physical skill or additional special equipment or spaces; intensity can be controlled; hard to forget once learned</li>\n  <li>efficient —replacing sedentary time on and air &amp; noise pollution from motor vehicles or public transport with healthy exercise</li>\n</ul>\n<p><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmUhSapJX14H45yGkFEmnV9SQYSCGW6vobggzJqDk5WrFo/health.png\" width=\"792\" height=\"792\"/></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://www.pinterest.com/pin/160863017917273694/\"><em>The multiple health benefits from biking</em></a></p>\n<h3>Environmental Imperative</h3>\n<p>Biking can help to alleviate pressures put on the environment from current transport emissions as well as inculcate environmental awareness and citizenship. The US Environmental Protection Agency <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">reports</a> <strong>27% of greenhouse gas emissions in 2015 can be accounted for by transport</strong>, making it the second largest contributor of greenhouse gases after the electricity sector in the US. <a href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data\">Globally</a>, 95% of the world’s transportation energy came from petroleum-based fuels, and 14% of 2010 global greenhouse gas emissions was accounted for by transportation, with passenger cars and light-duty trucks accounting for over half of the emissions from the sector.</p>\n<blockquote><em>“Cycling 10 km each way to work would</em> <a href=\"https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Travel-and-transport/Cycling/Benefits.aspx\"><em>save</em></a><em>1500 kg of greenhouse gas emissions each&nbsp;year.”&nbsp;</em></blockquote>\n<p>Biking utilizes no fuel and is a pollution-free transportation option, while at the same time displacing the need to build, service and dispose of cars. Bikes take less energy and <a href=\"https://www.umt.edu/asum/asum_agencies/Transportation/bike/about/benefits/default.php\">materials</a> to make. The reduction in rubber used to build bikes compared to cars buses can help reduce deforestation as “the huge amount of rubber and lubricants used in cars clears thousands and thousands of acres of forests for rubber plantations”. Reduced metal usage also helps to cut down on mining, which “can devastate landscapes and cause more deforestation”, as well as create water, air, and soil pollution.</p>\n<p>Biking can also help reduce environmental degradation caused directly from cars. “Traffic delays and interruptions to traffic flow in Australia’s six major cities <a href=\"https://www.tmr.qld.gov.au/Travel-and-transport/Cycling/Benefits.aspx\">account for around 13 million tonnes of greenhouse gas emissions each year</a>”. By shifting just some drivers to bikes during during peak hours, cities can reduce congestion and improve traffic flow, further minimizing the environmental impact of cars.</p>\n<p>As for our non-human friends, reduced noise pollution from increased bike-use would reduce disturbance to those who are more affected by sound as well as <a href=\"https://www.umt.edu/asum/asum_agencies/Transportation/bike/about/benefits/default.php\">less roadkill</a>.&nbsp;</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAu6AAAAJGQ5Y2M0ZWVhLTg4MmUtNDA2Ny05ZmJlLTVjYjZlYjEyZDgzZA.jpg\" width=\"500\" height=\"200\"/></p>\n<p>This inforgraphic details roadkill numbers in <a href=\"http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2909573\">Korea, 2008</a>; a more recent <a href=\"http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20160927000781\">report </a>totals 17,036 deaths between 2012–2015, with an increase each year. Wildlife also benefits from a reduction in parking spaces or the need for new parking spaces for motorized vehicles, which often <a href=\"http://homeguides.sfgate.com/pros-environment-riding-bikes-79378.html\">displace plant and animal life and create heat islands that contribute to global warming</a>. A caveat here is that biking can lead to its own set of environmental damage as well that should be <a href=\"https://www.imba.com/resources/research/trail-science/environmental-impacts-mountain-biking-science-review-and-best-practices\">mitigated </a>when planning biking infrastructure in areas with more wildlife. Biking can then engender environmental awareness and citizenship through <a href=\"https://trid.trb.org/view/1356059\">ripple effects</a> from more exposure to the natural world.</p>\n<h3>Social Imperative</h3>\n<p>There are also various social benefits that biking brings about. Biking allows for <strong>increased interaction with others and a better sense of local geography</strong> and communities as it removes the sheets of metal barriers between individuals and the environment that are motor vehicles. This increased interaction is especially notable for the youth and elderly. In a <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/bike-blog/2014/oct/16/why-cyling-is-great-for-everyone-not-just-cyclists\">piece</a> in favor of increased bike-use in the UK, Peter Walker discusses how “better access to cycling can assist independence for younger people — almost half of Dutch primary school children ride to school against about 1% in the UK” as well as “help older people avoid isolation, as well as stay mentally and physically healthy.”</p>\n<p>Biking engenders a reduction in noise, smell, and danger that makes community <a href=\"https://bicyclensw.org.au/info/benefits/#Social%20Equity\">more accessible and attractive</a>. It creates more equitable connectivity, giving lower income individuals greater access to opportunities outside of their immediate location. Paul Hesse, Community Development Coordinator for the city of Poughkeepsie, discussed with me how constructing a bike route that connects lower income neighborhoods health facilities near Marist College and Dutches Community College could open up a range of low-skilled but valuable job opportunities for these individuals that would otherwise be less accessible.</p>\n<h3>Economic Imperative</h3>\n<p>Contrary to the belief that a shift away from cars would result in economic losses, biking has been demonstrably beneficial for both individuals, local businesses, and city prosperity. UMass Amherst professor, Nancy Folbre, explains the <a href=\"https://economix.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/07/04/the-bicycle-dividend/\">economic logic</a> behind increased efforts to promote bicycle use:</p>\n<blockquote><em>Cars enjoy huge direct subsidies in the form of road construction and public parking spaces, as well as indirect subsidies to the oil industry that provides their fuel. These subsidies far exceed the tax revenue generated by car use.</em></blockquote>\n<p>Biking programs and infrastructure can be <a href=\"http://www.worldwatch.org/node/6456\">far cheaper than automobile infrastructure</a>. “A mile’s worth of urban highway can cost US$20–80 million and often more, compared to a few thousand dollars or up to a million dollars for biking infrastructure. Similarly, bike parking is some 30 to 300 times cheaper than car parking”.</p>\n<p>Despite costing far less, “bike and pedestrian infrastructure projects create 46 percent more jobs than road projects built strictly for cars”, according to a <a href=\"https://usa.streetsblog.org/2011/06/21/streets-built-for-bikes-and-pedestrians-also-yield-more-jobs/\">study </a>analyzing 58 projects in 11 cities. Two examples illustrate a stark difference between the efficacy of these infrastructure projects for job creation: “a roadway-focused project with no bicycle or pedestrian components in Santa Cruz, Calif. generated <strong>4.94 jobs per $1 million spent</strong>. In contrast, a bicycle-focused project in Baltimore, Md. produced <strong>14.35 jobs per million</strong>”.</p>\n<p>Additionally, cars contribute to the health, environmental, and social issues discussed which result in further economic costs as well such as the loss of natural resources from environmental degradation and healthcare costs from higher accident rates and sedentary lifestyles.</p>\n<p>Another reason for cities to embrace biking is that it can help with <a href=\"http://bicyclecoalition.org/facts-biking-improves-business/#sthash.IA1GhsyZ.5K1wJ8Ys.dpbs\">economic revitalization</a>. Cyclists have been found to spend more money at local businesses than those who travel by car, foot, or public transport. The implementation of bike lanes have also been shown to <a href=\"https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0xHj6OM3QVWMUxScjZuMndxVkk/edit\">boost sales in neighboohood business districts</a> despite businesses’ initial opposition to these facilities due to concern about customers’ access to their storefront. The removal of twelve parking spots adjacent to the business district at NE 65th and Latona Ave NE in Seattle, in favor of a bike climbing lane was followed by a 350% increase in sales two quarters later compared to no change at the neighborhood-wide and comparison sites</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmZBG9ik8s3Fp5L5YPu8GPzyKjTtSYyyNAymZqs3Hgu2Vu/econ.png\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\"/></p>\n<p>Cities who refuse to make the transition to increased biking also risk <a href=\"http://peopleforbikes.org/blog/bicycling-means-better-business/\">losing companies and younger workers to those that do</a>: Christine Fruechte, CEO of Colle McVoy, reports how since their move to downtown Minneapolis, their “employees are healthier, happier and more productive” and they are “<strong>attracting some of the best talents in the industry</strong>”. David A. Wilson, director at the Minneapolis office of the Accenture shares that “good biking opportunities are <strong>important to the well-educated 25–35 year-olds he seeks to hire</strong>”.</p>\n<h3>Imperative for non-bikers</h3>\n<p>The benefits of biking also <a href=\"https://www.aarp.org/livable-communities/getting-around/info-2016/why-bicycling-infrastructure-is-good-for-people-who-dont-ride-bikes.html\">extend to those who do not bike</a>. By increasing the amount of bike lanes, the AARP Livable Communities discuss how traffic is calmed by reduced road widths signalling drivers to go slower and reduce the distance pedestrians are in contact with motor vehicles. Additionally, bikers have an alternative to biking on the <a href=\"http://www.bike.cornell.edu/pdfs/Sidewalk_biking_FAQ.pdf\">sidewalk</a> and <a href=\"https://tomdemerly.com/2015/06/24/how-dangerous-is-road-cycling/\">roads</a> which both have their own dangers. Coupling increased bike-use with bike lanes also leads to less congestion for pedestrians and drivers as some of their fellow residents take to the bike-life. Furthermore, some of the health and social benefits from biking extend to non-bikers as well — a reduction in noise and air pollution, and an increase in community interactions benefit all.</p>\n<h2>Why bike-sharing?</h2>\n<p>Implementing bike-sharing has various advantages over or alongside increasing individual bike ownership. One advantage is that users <strong>do not have to find a parking space for their bikes or worry about its safety</strong>. Senior Wu Jia Min shares how “sometimes it takes longer to bike to class than to walk because of having to remember where [she] parked [her] bike and to unlock and lock it”. A bike-sharing system, whether docked or dockless, would remove this hassle from students who want to bike to class.</p>\n<p>Another advantage bike-sharing has is that it serves as a means of <strong>one-way transportation</strong> and can be used as a <strong>‘</strong><a href=\"http://www.masstransitmag.com/article/10724679/closing-the-gap-bike-shares-help-complete-the-last-mile\">last-mile</a><strong>’ connector to public transportation</strong>. Shared bikes can be parked at the station for the next passenger to use, while another bike can be boarded upon arriving at the bus or train stop next to one’s destination. This also allows for travel to multiple stops or on different routes as bikers do not have to return to the original stops where they would have left their own bikes.</p>\n<p>Most importantly however, bike-sharing seems like a promising means of <strong>accelerating the transition to high bike-use cities</strong>. A key debate in the shift towards increased bike-use in cities is the chicken and egg problem of <strong>whether to first build biking infrastructure or increase bike-use itself</strong>. On one hand, increasing bike use is difficult without infrastructure. Biking is largely unsafe due to a lack of bike lanes/roads with low-speed and low-volume traffic and bike friendly policies. It is also undesirable due to a lack of workplace showers and bicycle connectors. On the other, building infrastructure requires high capital, consensus among many actors, and risks not being utilized if bike use does not see an equal increase along with it.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAA7HAAAAJGYzYmU2MTAxLWYwY2YtNGFkMi04ZjYyLTg2M2UxY2JhZjcyZQ.jpg\" width=\"750\" height=\"492\"/></p>\n<p>Bike-sharing is an intermediary option to address this problem. By flooding an area with a plethora of bikes, bike-sharing overcomes the barrier to bike acquisition and use for individuals who are otherwise apathetic towards biking given the current bike infrastructure or rather, lack of it. Depicted are bikers using the <a href=\"https://www.buffalorising.com/2016/07/reddy-bikeshare-has-arrived/\">Reddy bike-share </a>service in Buffalo, New York. Emily S. Dozier, Senior Planner at the Dutchess County Transportation Council, noted in a 2008 whitepaper how bike-sharing could “expand the health and wellness benefits of bicycle transportation beyond traditional enthusiast groups to everyone living or working in the center city”. Additionally, bike-sharing in its present form can begin to shape the construction of bike-infrastructure. Emily shares with me how the “new technology bike-share projects use can provide city planners with information to help figure out how to build infrastructure more efficiently”, as they can observe bicycle traffic and parking flows as well as trip details.</p>\n<h3>Sentiment on Bike-Sharing in Poughkeepsie</h3>\n<p>At the onset of the project, I assumed it would be more equitable for bike-sharing to be implemented across the city instead of just at Vassar. While Paul, the Community Development Coordinator at the City, talks about the job opportunities that could be opened up with new bike routes, he also shares how “many of the low income in Poughkeepsie have employment outside city boundaries, such as near a mall, which are not within a bikeable distance, and would prefer or require cars” and that biking would be used “only for short trips to stores”. As such, bike-sharing wouldn’t be meeting a need for bike-ownership or bike-use for most of the city’s residents. Instead, there might be sufficient reason and effort to push for infrastructural changes first in Poughkeepsie.</p>\n<p>In a presentation by Peter Barnard of Scenic Hudson on current plans for the city, one of the main projects detailed was the <a href=\"http://cityofpoughkeepsie.com/pcccp/about/\">Poughkeepsie City Centre Connectivity Project</a> as part of an effort to move the city away from an automobile focus and create bicycle and pedestrian networks alongside the redevelopment of the waterfront. Both Peter and <a href=\"https://medium.com/thegroundhog/the-complex-roads-of-poughkeepsie-d85fac424b68\">Poughkeepsie Mayor Rob Rolison</a> lament the construction of the the 6-lane Route 9 North-South and the 3-lane Route 44/55 East-West arterials in the 70s, which cut through the city and a major commercial corridor and cut off part of the city from the waterfront respectively. Rolison says that back then the focus for development was on getting from point A to point B the fastest way, and that the waterfront wasn’t valuable back then. Peter describes how this development has led to a “dangerously high volume and speed of traffic that created safety issues felt by residents in the city”, as well as social and economic decline due to community and commercial disruption. The Poughkeepsie City Centre project aims to reclaim Market Street “for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities”.</p>\n<p>While it might be unsuitable or still too early for bike-sharing to make its debut in Poughkeepsie, it is heartening to know that the city is creating more biking infrastructure and increasing bike-usage in other ways.While a city-wide bike-share program does not seem presently feasible or largely beneficial, both Paul and Emily see more promise in setting up contained bike-sharing programs in areas like Vassar and other colleges, on motor-free locations such as the Walkway Over the Hudson or the Dutchess Rail Trail, or during temporary events that draw large amounts of visitors like the Jazz in the Valley festival. They think that a higher density of users and established bike infrastructure would allow bike-sharing to succeed in these contexts and allow for them to serve as trial and gateway sites for more widespread adoption in the future. While freshman Zhang Ling Xiu is skeptical of bike-sharing’s success on the Vassar campus due to costs students would not want to pay, he thinks implementing it on places like the Rail Trail would be “a good starting point”. Emily is hopeful that bike-sharing even in this bounded capacity can “change culture and awareness in the long term if people do start using the bikes”. Emily also notes that there could be safety concerns due to bike-share users being untrained and not using helmets, which would “make areas such as the Walkway an easier environment”. However, she also shares how “bike-share projects like Albany’s, which didn’t have a lot of bike lanes, helmets, or education seems to be working out so far — way more usage than expected” and that upon rolling out the Citi Bike program, “NYC reported a surprisingly few number of incidents”.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAqcAAAAJDc1M2JkNGQ5LWM2NTAtNGQzOS04ZGRiLWI5YTBjNGU3ZTZmMA.jpg\" width=\"750\" height=\"562\"/></p>\n<p>Regardless of what form bike-sharing might appear in eventually, political-economic partnerships seem to be vital. Emily notes that “public-private partnerships with hospitals and the healthcare sector, like <a href=\"https://www.healthquest.org/hq/home.aspx\">HealthQuest</a>, that promote physical activity in the Hudson Valley”, seem promising as there is a common health issue that can be organized around. She also suggests working with existing bike programs such as <a href=\"https://spoke2015.wordpress.com/\">SPOKE</a> (depicted above), which organizes bike rides and provides rescued bikes. In the long term however, both Emily and Paul view cooperation between multiple entities, such as the city, local colleges, and the private sector, to be necessary to implement something larger in scale, as they have observed with their recent difficulty in trying to add a bike lane to Hooker Avenue due to existing on street parking regulations and street sweeping practices.</p>\n<h3>Suggestions for bike-sharing at&nbsp;Vassar</h3>\n<p>Given its history with the failure of the pink bike-sharing program in the past, it is crucial for Vassar to first work out an appropriate strategy for ensuring equitable and respectful use. The factors that likely led to the downfall of the pink bikes program should also be carefully considered before implementing a a new system. The Shared Bikes program gave students “<a href=\"https://www.vassar.edu/headlines/2007/we-got-wheels.html\">a key that will unlock any pink bike</a>” with a one time $10 dollar payment. Post-payment, it was almost impossible to keep track of who used which bikes when and whether they left them intact and functional or even at least properly parked them. With new technological innovations in identification and tracking, responsibility over the bikes can still be entrusted to students while holding them accountable for cases of misuse. A mobile app could be used for keeping track of usage as well as an unlocking mechanism. Alternatively, Jia Min suggests that students could “use their VCard to check them out”, allowing for perhaps a shared payment system with Vcash, used for laundry, food, and other services.</p>\n<p>Another area that has to be worked out is funding for starting the program and subsequent upkeep. The donation and class gift only yielded an insufficient number of 30 bikes and was not sustainable for the loss and damages that followed. Alistair Hall, Office of Sustainability head, has looked into employing Zagster, a bike-sharing platform, to start bike-sharing at Vassar in the past. However, the high costs associated with acquiring their service quickly closed that option. Two other models could be considered. The first is through enlisting companies like Mobike and Ofo, who are not paid but pay for the opportunity to set up their services to capture market share. While Adele&nbsp;, a sophomore, “see[s] the benefit of external organizations running [the bike-share program]”, she feels that it is “wrong for an external company to come in and profit off bike-sharing” and “personally would want to see profit going back to Vassar”. A second option would then be to enlist a company or organization that could sponsor the program in return for branding and tie ups with their own business, similar to what New York City has done with Citi Bike. This would allow for any surplus of value to go back to Vassar while sponsors benefit from good publicity.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAqaAAAAJGY0NDRiMTQ0LTM1NjQtNGU0Ny04ZjhjLTkyYzRiOGU3NzRkZg.jpg\" width=\"550\" height=\"383\"/></p>\n<p><em>Payment across bike-sharing companies have been largely&nbsp;</em><a href=\"http://chinaplus.cri.cn/news/business/12/20170428/3788.html\"><em>centralized</em></a><em>&nbsp;in&nbsp;China</em></p>\n<p>On the user end, Ling Xiu reckons that students will not be willing to fork out much if any money to use the bikes, as those who are able and willing to would already have their own bikes. We discussed how it would be important to make it seem like students are not spending any money to use the bikes, either by adding the fee to general student costs individuals pay along with their tuition, or by giving students a top up of credits every semester like the Arlington Bucks students are given to purchase food outside of the catering service. Adele too, thinks that “students wouldn’t be willing to pay for the program”, but could see a “deposit based on financial aid” system working, in which students put up collateral that is scaled based on financial need which they will get back as long as they do not misuse the bikes. My various student interviewees also brought up how students at Vassar might be against certain large corporate actors running or branding the program, and that they would be more supportive of a ‘green’ or sustainable organization.</p>\n<p>As for what type of parking system to adopt, students generally feel that a docked system might be more beneficial for the Vassar context. Adele mentions how a dockless system would be subject to a “high risk of theft”, and Jia Min feels that despite lacking in flexibility, “even if it’s a parking lot system it would still be useful” as it “would be easier to regulate”. Ling Xiu is also in favor of a docked system as he believes that it is more suitable “for the US with less people and more regulations”.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAnGAAAAJGQ3ZWYwM2RiLTc4MTAtNGVlYy1iMDZjLWI2ODQ2ZTBhOTlhZA.png\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\"/></p>\n<p><a href=\"https://slate.com/business/2017/12/dock-less-bike-share-is-ready-to-take-over-u-s-cities.html\"><em>The advent (and success) of dockless bike-share in the&nbsp;US?</em></a></p>\n<p>Alternatively, should another hub start its own bike-sharing service, such as Marist College or the Walkway, it might be beneficial then to use these factors to evaluate the merits and pitfalls of the way they choose to implement it and adjust the strategy for Vassar accordingly.</p>\n<h3>General suggestions for&nbsp;biking</h3>\n<p>Aside from bike-sharing, this project also yielded other useful takeaways for biking in Vassar. Speaking to Charles and Alexia, who run the Vassar Bike-Shop, provided some insight into what changes student cyclists want to see on campus. Regarding security and thefts on campus, they felt that it would be more effective to move resources from night patrols to subsidizing U-locks for student cyclists. Adele shares how her use of a chain lock in lieu of a U-lock is a primary concern for not using her own bike as frequently, as she was wary of parking it outside during less busy hours. Such a policy change would benefit students like her more than the current security patrols which are more reactionary than effective.</p>\n<p>Adele also brings up how there is a lack of “defined guidelines for bike use and storage on campus”, resulting in her receiving infraction notices that leave her still unsure about what the rules are. She suggests that a clear set of guidelines for biking both on and off campus would be helpful for students who are biking for the first time in Vassar or Poughkeepsie. For instance, she observes how “ biking on sidewalk is okay in Vassar, but not in Poughkeepsie”. These guidelines seem necessary as well before bike-sharing can be implemented, for safety purposes.</p>\n<p><img src=\"https://media.licdn.com/mpr/mpr/AAMAAQDGAAgAAQAAAAAAAAsSAAAAJDMyY2U3ZmVkLTE4YzAtNGYyYi04ODExLTcxYWYwNmIyOWY4MQ.jpg\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\"/></p>\n<p><em>Without clearly demarcated&nbsp;</em><a href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/16/496865680/6-things-you-need-to-know-about-cycling-on-the-sidewalk\"><em>bike lanes</em></a><em>, where should bikers&nbsp;bike?</em></p>\n<p>Additionally, the Bike Shop managers are looking to conduct an inventory of bike racks and storage on campus. Other students and faculty have also discussed the possibility of using GIS to add these locations to a <a href=\"https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=f1b1c5cc25e14160b4232738cbfb7be9\">searchable map of bike parking locations in Dutchess County</a>. These suggestions would be helpful for seeing where additional bike infrastructure should optimally be added, and also for increasing bike use.</p>\n<h2>Concluding thoughts</h2>\n<p>The rapid adoption of bike-sharing programs bodes well for the health, environmental, social, and economic dimensions of cities globally. While bike-sharing can accelerate the process of bike infrastructure and provide niche benefits such as last-mile connection, it is also important to keep our eyes trained onto the long term goal of bike adoption and bike-use. For cities like Poughkeepsie, a large bike-sharing program may not be the most efficient means to attain that goal. As for implementing a smaller bike-share program in places like Vassar, the various factors of usage guidelines, accountability, partnerships, funding, and parking types should be carefully considered to ensure successful adoption and long term sustainability. I hope that if I ever get the chance to visit Poughkeepsie again years down the road I will be greeted with students and residents on bikes, a more vibrant, safe, and clean community, and sweet, sweet, protected bike lanes as far as the eye can see.</p>\n<p><em>This article has also been published on </em><a href=\"https://medium.com/@jerald/bike-sharing-in-vassar-poughkeepsie-41eaa0e622b\"><em>Medium</em></a><em> and </em><a href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/bike-sharing-vassar-poughkeepsie-jerald-lim\"><em>LinkedIn</em></a><em>.</em><br>\n&nbsp;</p>\n</html>",
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2018/01/04 03:52:00
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2017/12/15 23:11:18
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2017/12/14 01:31:36
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2017/12/14 01:20:39
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2017/12/12 14:26:00
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body<div class="pull-left"> <img src = "https://steemitimages.com/DQmWpBpERFEbcvQqEZsXtNuK67TQKAdJ8zB9t6dPMd1UpxB/Image00099_cr.jpg"> </div><sub> <b>Cycling Comunity on Steemit sends you some good wind!!</b> You are upvoted and resteemed by Thank You Bicycle - SteemIt Cycling Community! It is our mission to spread good vibes of cycling across Steemit. We support your ride! <b>Keep those weels rolling and enjoy the ride!!</b> <sup>If you do not like our activity, reply with STOP to this and we will leave you alone</sup> </sup>
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2017/12/12 13:52:00
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bodyYou've received an upvote from #TheUnmentionables - a Steemit community dedicated to supporting and promoting engagement among its members! This post has been featured in [Unmentionably Artsy Picks of the Day: Curated Beauty Vol. 10!](https://steemit.com/curation/@unmentionable/unmentionably-artsy-picks-of-the-day-curated-beauty-vol-10) Interested in our group? Click the banner below to apply to join, or check out our account @unmentionable! <center>[![Unmentionables](http://ethandsmith.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/UnmentionableBanner-e1506356471740.png)](https://theunmentionables.typeform.com/to/katsnH)</center> <center><h2>*Please upvote this comment so we can help our members grow faster!*</h2></center>
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2017/12/12 13:51:54
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2017/12/12 13:51:48
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2017/12/12 08:32:48
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2017/12/09 19:48:45
voterethandsmith
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2017/12/09 19:48:42
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkre-ethandsmith-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231116052z
authorethandsmith
permlinkre-jerald-re-ethandsmith-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171209t194846592z
title
bodyIt's strange that more college campuses don't have bike-sharing programs! I think there were some efforts to get one started at my undergraduate institution, but it didn't happen before I left. It's fun being able to ride to work. Right now, it's a bit too cold, but in the spring, summer, and fall, it's extremely pleasant. Thanks for your response!
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      "body": "It's strange that more college campuses don't have bike-sharing programs! I think there were some efforts to get one started at my undergraduate institution, but it didn't happen before I left. It's fun being able to ride to work. Right now, it's a bit too cold, but in the spring, summer, and fall, it's extremely pleasant. Thanks for your response!",
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2017/12/09 07:02:15
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parent permlinkre-mitneb-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231713708z
authormitneb
permlinkre-jerald-re-mitneb-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171209t070213122z
title
bodyFor sure, but you still need to stay alert, @jerald. I once had a car hit my bike handle with his side mirror as he illegally passed a car on the right. I didn't crash, thankfully, but I couldn't catch up to him to give him a piece of my mind. My only satisfaction was that the impact blew his mirror to pieces. Cheers! @mitneb
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      "body": "For sure, but you still need to stay alert, @jerald. I once had a car hit my bike handle with his side mirror as he illegally passed a car on the right. I didn't crash, thankfully, but I couldn't catch up to him to give him a piece of my mind. My only satisfaction was that the impact blew his mirror to pieces. \nCheers! \n@mitneb",
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2017/12/08 23:20:48
voterjerald
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2017/12/08 23:20:45
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permlinkre-derosnec-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t232044190z
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bodyGreat to hear that you've been able to cycle in so many places; and definitely good to see more popping up as the green city narrative and aspiring towards it becomes the norm. I had a chance to visit San Francisco a few months ago, and I can imagine how the hills might deter many from cycling around. But I did see some bike rental services and people cycling around in the downtown area where it's flatter by the piers.
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      "body": "Great to hear that you've been able to cycle in so many places; and definitely good to see more popping up as the green city narrative and aspiring towards it becomes the norm.\n\nI had a chance to visit San Francisco a few months ago, and I can imagine how the hills might deter many from cycling around. But I did see some bike rental services and people cycling around in the downtown area where it's flatter by the piers.",
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2017/12/08 23:17:33
voterjerald
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2017/12/08 23:17:21
voterjerald
authorethandsmith
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2017/12/08 23:17:15
parent authormitneb
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authorjerald
permlinkre-mitneb-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231713708z
title
bodyThanks for the comment. Yea it's way nicer to cycle on wide roads especially with designated bike lanes or safe traffic!
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      "permlink": "re-mitneb-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231713708z",
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      "body": "Thanks for the comment. Yea it's way nicer to cycle on wide roads especially with designated bike lanes or safe traffic!",
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2017/12/08 23:14:45
parent authoralvinauh
parent permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t163309987z
authorjerald
permlinkre-alvinauh-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231443450z
title
bodyIt started up around May/June in Singapore I think; yea the tragedy of the commons is definitely a problem, and I think the companies have addressed that by flooding the place with more bikes - remains to be seen how it'll work out in the long run, but as mentioned I think the real benefit of the programs are to increase bike-usage and by extension bike infrastructure. Maybe bike-sharing won't last as is in the long term but we'll see more park connectors, bike lanes, showers in workplaces and people with their own bikes commuting to work as a norm in future! Hope the situation is Malaysia follows this trajectory too.
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      "body": "It started up around May/June in Singapore I think; yea the tragedy of the commons is definitely a problem, and I think the companies have addressed that by flooding the place with more bikes - remains to be seen how it'll work out in the long run, but as mentioned I think the real benefit of the programs are to increase bike-usage and by extension bike infrastructure. Maybe bike-sharing won't last as is in the long term but we'll see more park connectors, bike lanes, showers in workplaces and people with their own bikes commuting to work as a norm in future! Hope the situation is Malaysia follows this trajectory too.",
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2017/12/08 23:11:18
parent authorethandsmith
parent permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t142116724z
authorjerald
permlinkre-ethandsmith-re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171208t231116052z
title
bodyGreat to hear that you're enjoying cycling to work. I would say on average between 15-30 minutes; however, also in a small university town in the US for now, and haven't been able to ride as I wasn't able to find a cheap bike for my short stay here. Have been working on a small project on investigating bike-use and the possibility of starting a bike-sharing program on campus or in the city though, as mentioned. Thanks for your thoughts!
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      "body": "Great to hear that you're enjoying cycling to work. I would say on average between 15-30 minutes; however, also in a small university town in the US for now, and haven't been able to ride as I wasn't able to find a cheap bike for my short stay here. Have been working on a small project on investigating bike-use and the possibility of starting a bike-sharing program on campus or in the city though, as mentioned. Thanks for your thoughts!",
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2017/12/07 19:09:33
voterfrankyboy
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2017/12/07 19:07:27
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future
authorderosnec
permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t190726284z
title
bodyReally fascinating stuff @jerald - I myself am a bicycle commuter and have been for the better part of my life almost everywhere that I've lived: San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, Atlanta, and now Los Angeles. The amount of people who are surprised here in LA that I commute by bike compared to all the other cities is hilarious - they just can't comprehend not using a car! Bike sharing initiatives are _starting_ to pop up around here but it's a slow adoption, even for California which generally speaking is pretty green. But the fact that they're popping up makes me happy and at least gets the conversation started by those of us who are actually using the services - few though we may be for now!
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      "permlink": "re-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t190726284z",
      "title": "",
      "body": "Really fascinating stuff @jerald - I myself am a bicycle commuter and have been for the better part of my life almost everywhere that I've lived: San Francisco, Toronto, Vancouver, Atlanta, and now Los Angeles. The amount of people who are surprised here in LA that I commute by bike compared to all the other cities is hilarious - they just can't comprehend not using a car!\n\nBike sharing initiatives are _starting_ to pop up around here but it's a slow adoption, even for California which generally speaking is pretty green. But the fact that they're popping up makes me happy and at least gets the conversation started by those of us who are actually using the services - few though we may be for now!",
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2017/12/07 17:47:00
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future
authormitneb
permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t174250569z
title
body@@ -771,16 +771,44 @@ nables. +I'm following you now, too. %0A%0ACheers
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2017/12/07 17:42:51
parent authorjerald
parent permlinkbike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future
authormitneb
permlinkre-jerald-bike-sharing-s-contribution-to-singapore-s-future-20171207t174250569z
title
bodyGreat article, @jerald! I love how you have described your different experiences with the different locals. It was very interesting to see how different it can be. I used to commute by personal bicycle to and from college in the heart of Chicago, Illinois, USA, year-round. We only had one car, and a baby, so whoever had the baby got the car, and the other person used a bike. We both enjoyed the 5 mile commute each direction because the roads were wide, and somewhat safe. Winter weather was a little dicey, but we had the gear for it. I enjoyed being able to be outdoors a little every day during the commute because I had many hours of desk time, and I don't like being indoors as much. I've upvoted and resteemed this post. I found the link to it via #unmentionables. Cheers! @mitneb
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      "body": "Great article, @jerald! I love how you have described your different experiences with the different locals. It was very interesting to see how different it can be. \n\nI used to commute by personal bicycle to and from college in the heart of Chicago, Illinois, USA, year-round. We only had one car, and a baby, so whoever had the baby got the car, and the other person used a bike. We both enjoyed the 5 mile commute each direction because the roads were wide, and somewhat safe. Winter weather was a little dicey, but we had the gear for it. I enjoyed being able to be outdoors a little every day during the commute because I had many hours of desk time, and I don't like being indoors as much. \n\nI've upvoted and resteemed this post. I found the link to it via #unmentionables. \n\nCheers! \n@mitneb",
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