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      "title": "Bahamas Central Bank to Launch Pilot Digital Currency",
      "body": "https://images.cointelegraph.com/images/725_aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2ludGVsZWdyYXBoLmNvbS9zdG9yYWdlL3VwbG9hZHMvdmlldy9mZmFiNzBlOWNlNjFkMWYxZTZkYWNhZDM2Y2ZmODZiMS5qcGc=.jpg\n\nThe Central Bank of the Bahamas is planning to introduce a government-backed pilot digital currency, Jamaica Observer reported June 22.\n\nSpeaking at the Bahamas Blockchain and Cryptocurrency Conference earlier this week, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance of the Bahamas, K Peter Turnquest, made the announcement, saying that the development of a fully digital payment service is “the way forward for this era of governance.” Turnquest continued:\n\n“A digital Bahamian currency is especially important for the many family islands as they have seen many commercial banks downsize and pull out of their communities, leaving them without banking services. As an island nation, where transportation can be an inconvenience for many, especially the elderly, and costly, we must offer financial services digitally and securely.”\n\nTurnquest also advocated for applying blockchain on a nationwide level in order to transform the island of Grand Bahama into the “digital paradise of the region.” He reportedly expects the government to launch a pilot program of issuing blockchain-based education certificates for graduates of the National Training Agency, as well as inspect the ways blockchain can be applied for business licences, passports, and national insurance. Turnquest added:\n\n“Using technology and single points of contact we're able to eliminate a lot of the human element that facilitates corruption, and so when we talk about applying for government services, if we have a single portal for entry and all of the processing being done behind the scenes, either through electronic data interchange or through human facilitation we can eliminate that point where, we Bahamians call it, you have to tip somebody in order to get service.”\n\nThe nearby island nation of Bermuda is also in the process of developing a friendly legal framework for virtual currencies and blockchain. In past months, the country signed memoranda of understanding  with Binance Group and blockchain project Shyft. The former considers establishing funding for educational programs related to fintech and blockchain startups while per the latter, Shyft network will spend up to $10 million on blockchain technology education and economic development.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://cointelegraph.com/news/bank-of-england-to-rebuild-settlement-system-to-interface-with-blockchain-platforms",
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      "permlink": "bank-of-england-to-rebuild-settlement-system-to-interface-with-blockchain-platform",
      "title": "Bank of England to Rebuild Settlement System to Interface with Blockchain Platform",
      "body": "https://images.cointelegraph.com/images/725_aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2ludGVsZWdyYXBoLmNvbS9zdG9yYWdlL3VwbG9hZHMvdmlldy81YTk5NWQyNWQ1ZTllYjVmMTg4M2U0ODNlNWQzY2QwOC5qcGc=.jpg\n\nThe Bank of England is planning to rebuild its Real Time Gross Settlement (RTGS) system so that it can interface with private business and platforms using distributed ledger technology (DLT), the bank’s Governor Mark Carney announced in a speech June 21.\n\nSpeaking at Mansion House in London, Carney said that the bank will conduct an “ambitious rebuild” of its RTGS system, which is, according to him, the backbone of every payment in the U.K. RTGS is a system generally used to transfer large volumes of funds between banks.\n\nThe bank is looking to reorganize the existing RTGS so that private payment platforms could plug in directly to the bank’s system. “Our new, hard infrastructure will be future-proofed to your imaginations, opening up a range of potential innovations in wholesale markets, and corporate banking and retail services,” Carney said.\n\nThe Governor also mentioned that the bank has begun working together with the Bank of Canada, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, and some private-sector organizations to upgrade inter-bank cross-border payments, including initiatives based on DLT. He said:\n\n“The potential returns are large. At present, cross-border payments can cost ten times more than domestic ones. We estimate that in the U.K. alone there is scope to realize annual savings of over £600 million. Most fundamentally, the more seamless are global and domestic payments, the more U.K. households and businesses will benefit from the new global economy.”\n\nCarney asserted that the new system will help fight money laundering and financing of terrorism, as well as advance access to the domestic and international financial systems.\n\nThe RTGS renewal Proof-of-Concept (PoC) was initially proposed in May 2017. The bank then concluded that DLT was “not yet sufficiently mature to provide the core for the next generation of RTGS,” however it placed a high priority on ensuring that the improvement of RTGS functionality is capable of interfacing with DLT.\n\nIn April, the Bank of England released a PoC paper that examines how to configure a distributed ledger system which would maintain privacy between participants, keep data shared across the network, and also enable a regulatory body to oversee all transactions. The central authority would have the power to issue and retire new units of assets and grant access permissions to all participants. No party other than the regulator would be able to infer details about transactions they are not party to.",
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      "title": "Analyst Predicts Bitcoin Price Rebound Above $10,000 by 2019",
      "body": "https://images.cointelegraph.com/images/725_aHR0cHM6Ly9jb2ludGVsZWdyYXBoLmNvbS9zdG9yYWdlL3VwbG9hZHMvdmlldy81MGNlYmMzNzY0MjAxNGM2N2NmMjgyYjYzMWVkNTAwOS5qcGc=.jpg\n\nTodd Gordon, founder of TradingAnalysis.com predicted Bitcoin (BTC) to drop to $4,000 prior to a rebound above $10,000 by 2019 on CNBC’s Stock Draft June 22.\n\nGordon suggested that BTC will drop below $5,000, subsequently hitting $10,000 by the end of the year, citing significant market volatility to be the main reason. When asked to explain his estimates, Gordon cited a “beautiful uptrend,” and called the recent correction down from $19,000 “inconsequential” given the gains in BTC price since 2015.\n\nThe analyst said that the current high to low range is 17 percent on average, which is one of the lowest BTC has ever seen. “There were times when it was 20, 30, 40 percent [per] week so, if I’m down 30 percent right now in Bitcoin, that’s nothing, I can make that up in two weeks,” he continued.\n\nGorgon argued that the cryptocurrency market is “very technically driven,” so reckoning on the technicals and market sentiment, it’s possible to recover certain losses in the near future.\n\nGordon’s site, TradingAnalysis.com, provides market analysis and trading strategies. Gordon has also made predictions about other markets, including commodities like crude oil. In November 2015, when crude was trading at $41, he predicted a decline of nearly 50 percent down to $26. In February of the following year, crude was trading at $26.05.\n\nEarlier in June, stock analytics firm Trefis estimated a BTC year-end price of $12,500, which is $2,500 lower than their initial forecast. Trefis’ BTC forecast analytics is based on fundamentals of supply and demand, where demand is the number of users and the amount of transactions, and supply is the number of available BTC.\n\nLast month, Wall Street analyst Spencer Bogart said that the major cryptocurrency will trade “at least” above $10,000 by the year’s end. He suggested that the reality of a deeper institutionalization of the crypto space is securing the long term “story,” and is “overall positive” for Bitcoin’s future.",
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      "title": "Bitcoin falls to four-month low in persistent bearish trend",
      "body": "The original virtual currency fell as low as $6,085.59 (£4,589) BTC=BTSP on Bitstamp, the lowest since early February and not far from this year's trough of just below $6,000. It was last down more than 8 percent at $6,177.45.\n\nSo far in 2018, bitcoin has fallen nearly 56 percent, after soaring more than 1,300 percent last year.\n\nThe order from Japan’s Financial Services Agency on Friday includes bitFlyer, Inc, one of the country’s largest cryptocurrency exchanges.\n\nEarly this week, the cryptocurrency world was racked by news South Korean cryptocurrency exchange Bithumb was hacked of 35 billion won ($31.5 million) worth of virtual coins.\n\nThe Bithumb attack was preceded earlier this month by a “cyber intrusion” at Coinrail, a relatively small cryptocurrency exchange in South Korea, causing a loss of about 30 percent of the coins traded on the exchange.\n![1525607279-bitcoin.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVyMCh96Y4e8L3LacPTJQXjNDGKzD8t67KyHMZhxg9dDS/1525607279-bitcoin.jpg)\n“Often swings in prices are blamed on events like hacks of crypto exchanges, or news from regulators,” said Chris Tse, founding director of the Cardstack project in New York, which is leading efforts to create a new blockchain-based internet.\n\nBlockchain, the system powering cryptocurrencies like bitcoin, is a shared database that is maintained by a network of computers connected to the internet.\n\n\nTse noted that bitcoin, even before these recent events, has been in a bearish momentum.\n\n“If the crypto market were a NASCAR race - there would be a yellow caution flag waving right now. There was massive exuberance, then a massive crash, and now we’re cleaning up the debris and figuring out what’s going on,” Tse said.\n\nOther digital currencies also declined in sympathy with bitcoin on Friday. Ethereum, the second-largest cryptocurrency by market value, was down nearly 10 percent at $472.99 ETH=BTSP.\n\nThe third-largest, Ripple, lost 7 percent to $0.49 according to cryptocurrency price tracker coinmarketcap.com.\n\nIn a recent report explaining the slowdown in the market, Fundstrat Global Advisors managing partner Thomas Lee said there have not been sufficient inflows into the cryptocurrency space this year.\n\n“Incremental retail and institutional demand was expected to materialise in 2018, but regulatory actions by the SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) have impaired progress,” Lee said.\n\n“The SEC has taken needed steps in 2018, targeting ICO (initial coin offerings) scams, but the uncertainty around which projects are securities versus commodities has created substantial uncertainty,” he added.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://qz.com/1312305/why-bitcoin-btc-prices-are-falling-japans-regulator-cracked-down-on-crypto-exchanges/",
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      "title": "Bitcoin is melting as bad news piles up",
      "body": "Bitcoin prices are falling off a cliff as a growing heap of bad news for the crypto market piles up.\n\nGovernment regulators in Japan slapped six exchange operators with business improvement orders, while a South Korean trading-platform said earlier this week that hackers stole about $30 million in digital tokens.\n\nBitcoin fell to $6,144 today, according to CoinDesk prices, the lowest level for 2018 and down from the peak of $17,135 in January. Ether has fallen almost 40% this year to $473.\n![bitkoin_moneta_oplata_rts18byc.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRzLkyQhEaeCE39TohgiM1A1HoiFJ1BFAUZixncJwkLJK/bitkoin_moneta_oplata_rts18byc.jpg)\nTokyo-based bitFlyer apologized to customers and said it would stop taking new business after regulators said the country’s biggest exchange wasn’t doing enough to prevent terrorist financing and money laundering.\n\nJapan’s Financial Services Agency also directed Quione, Bitbank, BITpoint Japan, BtcBox, and Tech Bureau to tighten controls, according to the Japan Times. Watchdogs have ramped up scrutiny following a $500 million cyber theft at Coincheck at the beginning of the year.\n\nPerhaps adding to the gloom, this week the Bank for International Settlements published a pessimistic take (pdf) on cryptocurrencies’ potential as money.\n\nThe bankruptcy in 2014 of Mt. Gox, a major platform in bitcoin’s early days, may have helped drive bitcoin into its last bear winter. (The platform was originally designed for trading “Magic: The Gathering” cards.) In that cycle, prices peaked at about $1,147 in December 2014 and had fallen to $177 by the beginning of 2015.\n\nPeople seeking to recoup funds from Mt. Gox’s collapse are still waiting for their money, though their payoff may finally be getting closer.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://finance.yahoo.com/news/bitcoin-price-drops-within-100-192117478.html",
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      "permlink": "bitcoin-price-drops-to-within-usd100-of-2018-low",
      "title": "Bitcoin Price Drops to Within $100 of 2018 Low",
      "body": "The price of bitcoin fell to its lowest point since February today.\n![471CABCE00000578-5161765-image-a-9_1512782532991.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWWNnb74BKJHceZizeNEqLaVzgVn2oaTAihHrmgfxSG5Z/471CABCE00000578-5161765-image-a-9_1512782532991.jpg)\nAs of press time, the leading cryptocurrency's price went as low as $6,063, according to CoinDesk's Bitcoin Price Index (BPI), a significant drop considering the day's opening price of $6,717.20.\n\nThe near-$700 decline (which saw prices decline roughly 10 percent) effectively brought bitcoin to within $100 of its 2018 low of $5,947, reached February 6.\n\nAt the time, bitcoin was in free-fall amid regulatory uncertainty, with the decline occurring during the week in which the heads of major U.S. regulators were to meet and discuss the cryptocurrency's price rise with a committee of U.S. lawmakers. Ultimately, however, no action was taken and the price rebounded 40 percent on the week.\n\nhttps://media.coindesk.com/uploads/2018/06/coindesk-bpi-chart-54-728x364.png\n\nConditions today, however, look different.\n\nAt press time, bitcoin's price – currently hovering just above $6,000 – is down more than 60 percent from the 2018 high of $19,783 set in January. Further, aside from some potential action against smaller Japan-based exchanges, no major news drivers are currently impacting the market.\n\nOther cryptocurrencies are following suit as bitcoin continues to flirt with support levels, as shown in data published by sources like OnChainFX.\n\nLitecoin, for example – the world's sixth largest cryptocurrency by market cap – hit its lowest level in 7 months on Friday. The price of ether currently at about $479, roughly 60 percent from its all-time high in December 2017.\n\nAs it stands, the overall cryptocurrency market cap is $259 billion, down from its high of $813 billion, according to CoinMarketCap.\n\nOther indicators similarly depict the state of the market as it stands today.\n\nThe Relative Strength Index (RSI), a popular momentum indicator, demonstrates a weekly value of 41 according to Bitfinex exchange data, a level that was last seen in August 2015.\n\nCompared to bitcoin's lowest weekly RSI level (27) for the prolonged bear market in 2014, current levels show scope for significant additional depreciation.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://todayscrypto.com/icon-token-swap-underway-with-no-issues-foundation-says/",
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      "title": "ICON Token Swap Underway With 'No Issues,' Foundation Says",
      "body": "Millions of dollars worth of ICON tokens are now on the move - as the cryptocurrency project begins its token migration.\n![1.jpg-193.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPgxjkmA83UhGquqoNgBPRjb1qswuUNgvYpJdiZ7rYLgJ/1.jpg-193.png)\nDesigned to connect independent blockchain communities with a variety of governance strategies, the ICON protocol first launched its crypto token, ICX, on the ethereum blockchain, but – in what has become an increasingly popular process – is now moving those tokens over to its very own blockchain.\n\nMore specifically, the project, which launched its mainnet in January, is tasked with swapping around $42,750,000 worth of ERC-20 tokens with an equal amount of native ICX tokens from now until September 25.\n\nAnd according to the ICON Foundation, the organization in charge of development, so far it's been smooth sailing.\n\nSpeaking to the process that started June 20, a representative for the foundation told CoinDesk:\n\n\"No issues have been reported and we haven't had any on our end.\"\n\nAs previously reported by CoinDesk, only supported exchanges – Binance, Upbit and Bitthumb – can currently shift ICX tokens to the new blockchain.\n\nTherefore, according to the foundation, token holders must transfer their tokens to one of those exchanges in order to start the migration process. Later this month, on June 25, token holders will also be able to use the ICONex wallet to migrate their ICX tokens.\n\nAs soon as the migration is complete, users will be able to resume ICX deposits and withdrawals, the foundation said, although an estimated completion date was not provided. However, supporting exchanges indicated that they will wait to reopen deposit and withdrawal services until the ICON mainnet has proven safe.\n\n\"We will open ICX deposits and withdrawals again once we deem the ICX mainnet to be stable,\" Binance said on its website.\n\nFor now, ICX token holders must trust the ICON Foundation and the supporting exchanges to execute the swap successfully. However, the foundation stated it may yet provide users with oversight of the migration.\n\n\"As of now there is no place to watch the process, however, we are exploring ways to make this possible,\" a representative for the foundation told CoinDesk.\n\nICON, a crypto with a collective market capitalization of about $800 million, is only one of the top thirty cryptocurrencies to attempt a token migration in recent weeks. Tron, which aims to use its blockchain infrastructure create a \"truly decentralized internet\" kicked off its token migration on Thursday. Likewise, the scalability-focused EOS protocol underwent a token migration earlier in June.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://cyberblock.in/bitcoin-tencent-chinese-officials-partner-on-fighting-blockchain-security-risks-daily-news/",
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      "title": "Tencent, Chinese Officials Partner to Fight Blockchain Crime",
      "body": "Technology giant Tencent is teaming up with the Chinese government to fight blockchain-related security issues.\n\nThe firm's vice president, Bin Ma, announced the formation of the China Blockchain Security Alliance during the China Blockchain Security Forum in Beijing on Thursday, according to a report from ChinaNews, a state-owned media outlet.\n\nThe forum, hosted by the government-backed China Technology Market Association (CTMA), aimed to unite organizations to protect \"the healthy development of blockchain industry,\" according to the news service.\n\nThe China Blockchain Security Alliance will be composed of Tencent affiliate Tencent Security, the China Blockchain Application Research Center, CTMA, and more than 20 public and private institutions, ChinaNews reported.\n![shutterstock_761234332.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSVhtXojaHfLBsFEJNK43Wsq2dNv1mHX5CkFXBGnPZTb9/shutterstock_761234332.jpg)\nThe conference comes as the number of blockchain-related crimes in China has increased.\n\nIn April, state-run media outlet Xinhua reported that the police of Xi'an, a city in central China, successfully cracked down a pyramid scheme associated with the blockchain concept.\n\nThe online marketing platform involved in this case lured more than 13,000 participants who invested as much as RMB86 million (about to $13 million) within 17 days after launch.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.coindesk.com/bitcoin-eyes-bear-revival-after-key-support-breached/",
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      "title": "Bitcoin Eyes Bear Revival After Key Support Breached",
      "body": "Bitcoin's (BTC) bears may be building for a strong comeback, having pushed prices to a eight-day low below $6,300 earlier on Friday.\n![bitkoin_moneta_oplata_rts18byc.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRzLkyQhEaeCE39TohgiM1A1HoiFJ1BFAUZixncJwkLJK/bitkoin_moneta_oplata_rts18byc.jpg)\nThe price fell to $6,286 on Bitfinex at 09:50 UTC, the lowest level since June 14, and, at press time, was changing hands at $6,326, down around 6 percent over 24 hours.\n\nAs discussed yesterday, the cryptocurrency's persistent failure to scale the $6,800 mark in a convincing manner had raised the prospects of another leg down in bitcoin prices.\n\nIt seems that process is now underway. Bitcoin breached the key support of $6,620 a couple of hours ago – signaling that the relief rally from the June 13 low of $6,108 has ended at $6,850 (June 18 high) and the bears have regained control.\n\nThe technical charts now indicate scope for a drop below $6,000 over the weekend.\n\n4-hour chart\nhttps://media.coindesk.com/uploads/2018/06/download-3-5.png\n\nBTC's drop below $6,620 has confirmed a rising wedge breakdown – a bearish reversal pattern indicating the corrective rally has ended and the broader bearish trend has resumed.\n\nThe stage is now set for a drop to $5,090 (target as per the measured height method, i.e. pole height subtracted from breakdown price).\n\nThe target looks feasible as the long-term technical charts are also biased to the bears.\n\nWeekly chart\nhttps://media.coindesk.com/uploads/2018/06/download-4-2.png\n\nAs seen above, the pennant breakdown confirmed earlier this month opened up downside towards 100-week moving average (MA), currently located at $4,551.\n\nMeanwhile, the bearish crossover between the 5-month and 10-month moving averages (MAs) also favors a convincing break below the immediate support of $6,000 (February low).\n\nView\nBTC will likely find acceptance below the immediate support of $6,000 (February low) over the weekend, and could drop to $5,090 (target as per the measured height method) over the next couple of weeks.\nA daily close (as per UTC) above $6,850 (June 18 high) would abort the immediate bearish view.\nA high volume break above the 50-week MA, currently located at $6,958 would signal long-term bearish invalidation.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://usauknews.com/fcoin-crypto-exchange-draws-fire-for-new-trans-fee-mining-model/",
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      "title": "FCoin Crypto Exchange Draws Fire for New 'Trans-Fee Mining' Model",
      "body": "China-based FCoin – a new crypto exchange launched in May that takes a novel revenue model – has come under the spotlight after its trading volumes appear to have almost immediately surpassed some of the largest exchanges.\n\nWhile the platform's trading data is currently not visible on more notable third party sites such as CoinMarketCap, a similar service in China indicates that FCoin saw over $5.6 billion in trading volume over the last 24 hours – more than the sum of the top-10 platforms on CoinMarketCap.\n![download (1).jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmanEJBSprUQHPg1PJrqMPNSuwhuvHHGCQ7PRcqQjvMZqe/download%20(1).jpg)\nSeemingly contributing to that spiking volume is the service's new business model, called \"trans-fee mining,\" which is seen as controversial by the Chinese cryptocurrency media and has also been criticized by Binance, one of the world's largest exchanges.\n\nFounded by Zhang Jian, the former chief technology officer of Huobi, FCoin touts a new business model that effectively turns cryptocurrency trading into mining, since it provides a means to obtain FT tokens issued by FCoin.\n\nAccording to the platform's white paper, the total amount of FT is capped at 10 billion, 51 percent of which will be allocated to the public and 49 percent will be held by FCoin and its investors.\n\nBut instead of adopting an initial coin offering or an airdrop, FCoin is issuing 51 percent of tokens to the public in exchange for making transactions on the exchange. For instance, for every transaction fee a user pays to FCoin in the form of either bitcoin or ethereum, the platform will reimburse the user 100 percent of the value in FTs.\n\nIn addition, FCoin says, for all the bitcoin and ethereum it collects in transaction fees daily, it will distribute 80 percent in bitcoin to users who hold their FTs continuously throughout the day.\n\nHowever, within a month of FCoin's debut, various media outlets in the Chinese crypto community had raised questions over whether traders are just using bots to send fake transactions to receive the FT coins. Zhang has denied the accusation, claiming all trading transactions are authentic.\n\nBinance's founder and CEO Zhao Changpeng has also weighed in to criticize the platform, alleging that \"trans-fee mining\" is just another form of ICO.\n\nHe wrote on his Weibo account on Wednesday:\n\n\"You pay transaction fees to the platform with BTC and ETH. Then the platform pays '100%' back to you with its token. Isn't it just buying platform token with BTC and ETH? How is this different from an ICO?\"\n\nZhao went on, accusing the firm of, in effect, making money through price manipulation:\n\n\"If an exchange doesn't get revenue from transaction fees and solely profits from the price of its token. How would it survive without manipulating the token price? Are you sure you want to play against a price manipulator? The same price manipulator who controls the trading platform?\"\n\nOn another post on Thursday, Zhao further commented on FCoin's method of distributing revenue, likening it to interest in the form of bitcoin to users who hold FT tokens.\n\n\"It may appear attractive that you just hold the token and let other people who make trades on FCoin to generate dividend for you. But in the long run, who would be that stupid to keep making trades?\" he said.\n\nBut, notably, OKEx, the Hong Kong-based crypto-to-crypto trading platform launched by OKCoin, announced on Wednesday that it too is launching a program that will help 100 new crypto exchanges to adopt the trans-fee mining model.\n\nBy holding 500,000 OKB, the token issued by the OKEx exchange, partners of OKEx would receive technical support from the platform in launch an exchange utilizing the new concept, the firm said.\n\nThen, on Thursday, in a move possibly aimed to ridicule OKEx and FCoin, Binance made a seemingly sarcastic announcement that it is going to partner with 1,000 teams to open 1,000 new trading platforms adopting the same trans-fee mining model.\n\nCommenting on the plan, He Yi, co-founder of Binance, said:\n\n\"Now that people love trans-fee reimbursement, how about giving back 200 percent? One exchange is not enough, let's do a thousand. Users have different needs, so we are now providing different choices.\"\n\nAs of press time, the price of FT, which can only be traded on FCoin's platform at the moment, has seen a 16 percent decline to $0.427 in the last 24 hours, reflecting a 65 percent drop since its recent high at $1.25 on June 13.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttps://www.coindesk.com/zcash-pays-off-angry-developer-avoid-blockchain-split/",
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      "title": "Zcash Pays Off Developer to Avoid Blockchain Split",
      "body": "Despite the best efforts of zcash developers to keep the cryptocurrency's coming upgrade, Overwinter, as seamless as possible, the $8 billion network was faced with a plot-twist this week.\n![download.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmZMX7gdVcJS4pGv4XH5cPrBU71E2aVXSme58Cuv7KCLUz/download.jpg)\nMere days before the update (a hard fork of the code) was set to execute – a developer decided to effectively threaten to split the network – if he wasn't paid in return that is. In a forum post published Tuesday, the sole maintainer of the Windows zcash wallet software, D. Jane Mercer, said he was going to cease development of the clients and release a zcash competitor \"rebranded as another coin,\" if he didn't get further funding for his work.\n\nSee, last year Mercer was living off developer fees and donations for his work on the clients, but according to the post, the money had run out and he had been working for free for some time.\n\nAs such, Mercer decided to use the idea he might split the cryptocurrency as a way to air his frustrations.\n\nOn the forum, Mercer said:\n\n\"Altcoin drama rage quit hard fork, as it were. Pull a bitcoin cash, as it were.\"\n\nAnd this message sent some in the zcash community into a frenzy.\n\nThat's because the Overwinter upgrade is scheduled to activate on June 25, but more importantly, that upgrade only adds limited features to zcash's protocol in an effort to prepare it for the Sapling hard fork upgrade, which looks to make zcash more scalable and private, in October.\n\nIf Mercer stopped development on the Windows wallet software, the most popular zcash wallet software, \"tens to hundreds of thousands of users\" would have been left without a workable wallet after the Sapling upgrade.\n\nSo, even though, blockchain splits have become, according to some, a healthy mechanism for asserting opposition of any decentralized cryptocurrency development, others do fear that these competing coins have the potential to split the community into fighting factions that confuse users.\n\n\"It might be as simple as pay the man,\" zcash engineer Ariel Gabizon said.\n\nAnd payment came. The zcash community quickly stepped to financially support the developer after the threat – at least for a little while. The amount donated to Mercer by several anonymous zcash addresses is currently at 80 ZEC, around $15,360, according to current metrics.\n\n\"People have thrown enough in the kitty for a few months living expenses, so that's all well and good,\" Mercer told CoinDesk.\n\nNo more coexisting\nStepping back, though, it's notable in how the features packaged in the Overwinter hard fork made the theoretical hostage situation more dire.\n\nOne reason is that most developers support forks. While potentially disruptive to crypto economies, the guiding ethos is they allow a novel form of financial freedom. If users don't like what is going on with zcash, they have the ability to create another instance of the software.\n\nThis is different, proponents say, than traditional money systems. (Try as some might, you can't exactly fork the U.S. dollar and the elaborate banking system that enables it.)\n\nIn this way, Overwinter prepares the network for further upgrades and the potential for future hard forks, by including so-called \"replay protection\" to ensure that the network can bifurcate correctly in the case of a split.\n\nHowever, the software still contains code called \"auto-senescence,\" which causes nodes running older versions of the software to shutdown after a period of 16 weeks.\n\nDesigned to remove risks when undergoing network upgrades, Mercer had prepared for feature.\n\nIn the newest version of his wallet software, auto-senescence remained, so that the software would eventually expire. However, having removed it from the old version, if the users stayed on the old client, it would cause a chain split, Mercer continued.\n\n\"There is going to be a chain fork in one case, and then client death in another,\" he wrote.\n\nWhile zcash developers were quick to counter that, saying that after Overwinter, older versions of the software will just be pushed into \"safety mode,\" which causes those versions to deprecate at some point without causing a chain split, Mercer still had the community in a tight spot.\n\n\"Rock and a hard place you know,\" Mercer said, explaining the pressure he put on the community. \"Overwinter is coming, and you got an Overwinter wallet but it's gonna deprecate sometime between Overwinter and Sapling, so how am I going to get to Sapling.\"\n\nMercer's orneriness was on full display at that time, but since he received the donations, he said, that he's dedicated to preparing the wallet software for the Sapling upgrade to come in about three months.\n\n\"Overwinter broke crap in a bunch of places which we're only figuring out now how to fix that with Windows, but it's like, bootin' hell knows what Sapling's going to be,\" the developer said, adding:\n\n\"Well now I'm funded by the community to find out and bring it forward.\"\n\nA timely lesson\nAbove and beyond the donations Mercer received, though, he also got on the phone with the Zcash Foundation as well.\n\n\"I finally got one of the Zcash Foundation board members on the phone, and he managed to talk me back from the ledge from chain fork threats and fun things like that,\" he told CoinDesk, adding:\n\n\"I'm all calmed down, everything is happy now, I hate altcoin drama and it's the only time I have stirred it up deliberately in my life.\"\n\nStill the episode has sparked an important conversation between Mercer and the Zcash Foundation – one that other cryptocurrency communities should be clued into as well – about how crucial independent developers are to these protocols and how to best compensate them for their work.\n\nThe Zcash Foundation, which receives donations from the so-called \"founder's fee,\" a piece of code that contributes a percentage of each zcash transaction to the founders fund, has a recurring grant program.\n\nFor independent developers like Mercer, though, relying on crypto and its volatile markets to continue contributing code can be crushing. Zcash in particular was hit hard this year, down from $876 per coin in January to $192 at the time of writing.\n\n\"The bear market really killed me,\" Mercer said. \"You know ... when the blood spilling happened, I woke up and 25 percent of my money was gone.\"\n\nAnd if the Zcash Foundation holds their reserves in ZEC, then the same rules would apply, whereby the grant program would be a little less healthy. As such, on a forum, executive director of the Zcash Foundation Josh Cincinnati said the organization is open to researching other funding methods as well.\n\nSpeaking broadly about the whole incident, it's has been a timely lesson on the importance of good developer relations, Mercer said, adding:\n\n\"Developers, developers, developers! There needs to be someone to talk to third-party wallet providers and exchanges, directly.\"\n\nCrumpled paper image via Shutterstock\n\nEDIT (11.45 UTC June 22, 2018): A former version of this article falsely stated that the feature \"auto-senescence\" is removed in the Overwinter upgrade. This has now been corrected.\n\nEDIT 2 (12.15 UTC June 22, 2018): A former version of this article falsely stated that the Zcash Foundation was \"hard coded\" funds from the founders fee. This is incorrect. The Zcash Foundation is a recipient of the founders fee, but only by donation.",
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      "body": "https://steemit.com/christianity/@bible.com/verse-of-the-day-revelation-21-8-niv",
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      "permlink": "the-downside-of-democracy-and-what-it-means-for-blockchain-governance",
      "title": "The Downside of Democracy (and What it Means for Blockchain Governance)",
      "body": "Taylor Pearson is the author of \"The End of Jobs\" and writes about entrepreneurship and blockchain technologies at TaylorPearson.me.\n\nFollowing acrimonious debates within the bitcoin and ethereum communities over the past few years regarding governance decisions that ended in forks, there has been a wave of projects offering on-chain governance.\n\nThis is a system for deciding on changes to public blockchain protocols using formalized governance mechanisms encoded in the blockchain, rather than informal discussions offline. Prominent examples of protocols with on-chain governance include Tezos, EOS and Decred.\n\nWhile these projects may have some value, I believe the push for on-chain governance is, in large part, the result of an intuition carried over from environments like nation-states and private companies, both of which are very different from crypto networks\n\nImplicitly, their belief is that we are seeing too much exit and not enough voice and we need to build better mechanisms for voice via formal on-chain governance.\n\nLet's step back a bit. What do I mean by voice and exit?\n\nMembers of an organization, be it a nation, a business or a crypto network, have two possible responses when they're unhappy with its governance.\n\nThey can exit – leave the relationship – or they can use their \"voice\" to try to improve the relationship through communication.\n\nCitizens of a country can respond to political repression by emigrating (exit) or protesting (voice). Employees can choose to quit their unpleasant job (exit), or talk to management to try and improve the situation (voice). Unsatisfied customers can opt to shop elsewhere (exit), or they can ask for the manager (voice).\n\nIn crypto networks, users can try to change the way that the protocol operates through governance (voice) or they can choose to exit by either leaving the network or forking.\n\nSpectrum of governance\nThe relative merits and drawbacks of voice and exit depend on the cost of exit.\n\nFor example, it's important that countries are democratic and have (on-chain) voting that allows citizens to formally express their opinions because the costs of switching your citizenship (exit cost) are very high.\nhttps://media.coindesk.com/uploads/2018/06/Screenshot-2018-06-11-13.35.22-1-728x391.png\nThe tradeoff of prioritizing voice over exit is that democracies tend to be very inefficient compared to more technocratic forms of governance. This is epitomized in moments such as Alaska senator Ted Stevens describing the internet as \"not a big truck, but a series of tubes.\" Despite being the head of the committee ruling on net neutrality, Stevens displayed a very low level of understanding about how the internet actually worked.\n\nDemocracy fundamentally operates at the median of society, not the edge. It does that in order to maintain peace and allow for economic prosperity. On the whole, this has worked better than any previous governance system.\n\nPrivate companies are more technocratic than nation-states. A relatively small group composed of top management and large activist shareholders effectively control the institution. This allows them to be more efficient but also makes them more prone to disgruntled stakeholders – be it shareholders, employees or customers.\n\nThis is less of an issue because, compared to changing your citizenship, it's much easier to change your job or sell your stock. That is, the cost to exit is lower so you're less likely to \"revolt.\" If you don't like how Apple's key decision makers are behaving, you have the option to quit your job or sell your stock.\n\n\n\nAt the far end of this spectrum is open-source software. The governance of open-source software is captured in the phrase \"rough consensus and running code.\"\n\nOpen-source software governance tends to be technocratic with a relatively small group of stakeholders controlling the project. The broader stakeholder community has very little voice. Even fairly large bitcoin holders and miners have almost no say over bitcoin core's development roadmap.\n\nHowever, if the technocratic rulers go in a direction you don't like, you can much more easily \"revolt\" by forking the network. Facebook's employees and shareholders can leave but they can't take the database with them. In open source software and blockchains, you can.\n\nIt is the opposite of democratic nation-states in this sense. You have very low exit costs and so you can get the efficiencies of a technocratic system without the threat of revolution. The revolutionaries can just start their own competitor.\n\nFrom a top-down perspective, this technocratic, fork-prone governance is uncertain and hard to predict, which is often perceived as an inefficiency. To the contrary, this uncertainty is a necessary pre-condition, a fertilizer, for opportunity.\n\nBloodless revolutions\nOpen-source source software (and software more broadly) is the source of so much innovation because it so uncertain and loosely governed.\n\nIt is prone to frequent \"revolutions\" but those revolutions do not end the same way as real-world revolutions because information is a non-rivalrous good. The revolutionaries can walk out the door and build the future they believe should exist.\n\nPhysicist Max Planck is frequently paraphrased as saying that \"Science advances one funeral at a time.\" Democracies tend to be no different and organizations often advance one retirement at a time.\n\nBy contrast, open-source software advances one fork at a time. It is not bounded by biology or geography but only by non-rival, infinitely replicable information.\n\nThese forks may ultimately be proven as worthless by the market, but the dissatisfied faction need not wait to try out the approach they perceive as better.\n\nReturning, then, to blockchains, introducing on-chain governance to crypto networks is likely to make them more like nation-states with the inefficiencies that entails. Is that the right tradeoff?\n\nThere are certainly some exit costs associated with crypto networks. Forking a blockchain is easier than forking a nation state, but still requires sufficient scale in terms of users, miners, and broader tooling (wallets, exchanges, etc.).\n\nNetwork effects related to brand and real-world integration points are other important sources of friction that discourage forking. I suspect for specific circumstances, that some form of on-chain governance proves more efficient.\n\nBut for a technology with comparatively low exit costs, forking is more feature than bug. Many projects with strong technocratic leaders practicing loose consensus and running code form a robust and competitive ecosystem. While many individual projects will fail, it's more likely that more optimal approaches are found by one of many forks.\n\nOff-chain governance may seem more unpredictable, but may prove more fertile ground for innovation for just that reason.",
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