VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS76.47%
Net Worth
0.043USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
0.747SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+4.260SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 0.747SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 4.260SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.007SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.000SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1215.647145 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "6928.012661 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | judicious |
| id | 659253 |
| rank | 1,168,621 |
| reputation | 2028560595 |
| created | 2018-01-24T12:50:51 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 6 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-03-29T16:09:06 |
| last_root_post | 2018-03-29T16:09:06 |
| last_vote_time | 2021-07-21T21:39:33 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 1215.647145 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 6928.012661 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 0.000000 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 2018-01-24T12:56:06 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 0 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 2018-04-15T18:26:54 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5gEZ1GYF1Ein7owbdiymg3Tm8rgV7KEmjspaM9Xc58sUs4KsPa",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"can_vote": true,
"comment_count": 0,
"created": "2018-01-24T12:50:51",
"curation_rewards": 0,
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779070173
},
"guest_bloggers": [],
"id": 659253,
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmRzeZtJj4De41pqEn8h4MSBbmkHgoM5nuG2njZM4S1f7m/IMG-20171130-WA0001.jpg\",\"name\":\"Judicious \",\"location\":\"Nigeria\"}}",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "2018-01-24T12:56:06",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_post": "2018-03-29T16:09:06",
"last_root_post": "2018-03-29T16:09:06",
"last_vote_time": "2021-07-21T21:39:33",
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"market_history": [],
"memo_key": "STM8KQdB5HyYPbavHRDNxL4QeHRERGC3qjZBRstkCrUeAnmkyFhsf",
"mined": false,
"name": "judicious",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"other_history": [],
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM86YE7Y5GT19usATbkQ6wq5gRS5oF7MfpAMbPoiiHuALRbUG47R",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"post_count": 6,
"post_history": [],
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM4zvYUPZ9f2h2wnA8qM5AiZX3s2r1Acdj3SVe6T1H7pNQwP7fNe",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"profile_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmRzeZtJj4De41pqEn8h4MSBbmkHgoM5nuG2njZM4S1f7m/IMG-20171130-WA0001.jpg\",\"name\":\"Judicious \",\"location\":\"Nigeria\"}}",
"posting_rewards": 186,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"proxy": "",
"received_vesting_shares": "6928.012661 VESTS",
"recovery_account": "steem",
"reputation": 2028560595,
"reset_account": "null",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "2018-04-15T18:26:54",
"sbd_seconds": "0",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-04-15T18:26:54",
"tags_usage": [],
"to_withdraw": 0,
"transfer_history": [],
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "1215.647145 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"vote_history": [],
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779070173
},
"voting_power": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"withdrawn": 0,
"witness_votes": [],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"rank": 1168621
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
steemdelegated 4.260 SP to @judicious2026/05/18 02:09:33
steemdelegated 4.260 SP to @judicious
2026/05/18 02:09:33
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6928.012661 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106145723/Trx b3697b3486583ed4f0addc30a3289b9bdee53ff0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 106145723,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6928.012661 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-18T02:09:33",
"trx_id": "b3697b3486583ed4f0addc30a3289b9bdee53ff0",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.592 SP to @judicious2026/05/12 11:33:03
steemdelegated 2.592 SP to @judicious
2026/05/12 11:33:03
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4215.802256 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105984945/Trx fe5b7753c24fb8206c7b4a2a2c1d257290129257 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 105984945,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4215.802256 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-12T11:33:03",
"trx_id": "fe5b7753c24fb8206c7b4a2a2c1d257290129257",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.268 SP to @judicious2026/04/26 01:27:24
steemdelegated 4.268 SP to @judicious
2026/04/26 01:27:24
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6940.528417 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105513319/Trx 5cc859345055f770548c28a6f8f84429598ba4f5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 105513319,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6940.528417 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-26T01:27:24",
"trx_id": "5cc859345055f770548c28a6f8f84429598ba4f5",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.618 SP to @judicious2026/01/23 12:54:30
steemdelegated 2.618 SP to @judicious
2026/01/23 12:54:30
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4257.349075 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102857932/Trx 35d906bc8a42f4a40fdd49e3dc73f64f54d4ef05 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 102857932,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4257.349075 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-23T12:54:30",
"trx_id": "35d906bc8a42f4a40fdd49e3dc73f64f54d4ef05",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.719 SP to @judicious2024/12/17 08:10:39
steemdelegated 2.719 SP to @judicious
2024/12/17 08:10:39
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4421.568272 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91304268/Trx a2852c7d770aa4f6332a4202638a7503ab21d958 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 91304268,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4421.568272 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-17T08:10:39",
"trx_id": "a2852c7d770aa4f6332a4202638a7503ab21d958",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 2.823 SP to @judicious2023/11/13 23:52:39
steemdelegated 2.823 SP to @judicious
2023/11/13 23:52:39
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 4590.701804 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79858451/Trx 7528e1dabb1105a8bea4d9bfe93e111e62bfbf95 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 79858451,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "4590.701804 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-13T23:52:39",
"trx_id": "7528e1dabb1105a8bea4d9bfe93e111e62bfbf95",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.629 SP to @judicious2023/09/22 00:04:18
steemdelegated 4.629 SP to @judicious
2023/09/22 00:04:18
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7527.980590 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78350512/Trx 289a14c799401e1ed24c764b5f914dc5e27a62a9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 78350512,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7527.980590 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-22T00:04:18",
"trx_id": "289a14c799401e1ed24c764b5f914dc5e27a62a9",
"trx_in_block": 15,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.833 SP to @judicious2022/06/09 18:02:24
steemdelegated 4.833 SP to @judicious
2022/06/09 18:02:24
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7859.553234 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #64913928/Trx a3c734db28b7d31652fb4612a608a644fdc1c1c2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 64913928,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7859.553234 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-06-09T18:02:24",
"trx_id": "a3c734db28b7d31652fb4612a608a644fdc1c1c2",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 4.944 SP to @judicious2021/10/20 22:16:33
steemdelegated 4.944 SP to @judicious
2021/10/20 22:16:33
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8041.195888 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #58286049/Trx 9c0e39ddb364ddca5512523ca428c5e6f1280a7d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 58286049,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8041.195888 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-10-20T22:16:33",
"trx_id": "9c0e39ddb364ddca5512523ca428c5e6f1280a7d",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 16.730 SP to @judicious2021/10/02 02:01:48
steemdelegated 16.730 SP to @judicious
2021/10/02 02:01:48
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 27208.697953 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #57746533/Trx f401355d698bedc6df3cd1df87af5c6b8ae36cfd |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 57746533,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "27208.697953 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-10-02T02:01:48",
"trx_id": "f401355d698bedc6df3cd1df87af5c6b8ae36cfd",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 16.844 SP to @judicious2021/07/21 22:04:18
steemdelegated 16.844 SP to @judicious
2021/07/21 22:04:18
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 27394.336827 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #55685501/Trx f44129b1341f9bc6065d78b09af2bfe8464f7fc6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 55685501,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "27394.336827 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-07-21T22:04:18",
"trx_id": "f44129b1341f9bc6065d78b09af2bfe8464f7fc6",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @norvan1033 / 69zff3-landscape2021/07/21 21:39:33
judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @norvan1033 / 69zff3-landscape
2021/07/21 21:39:33
| author | norvan1033 |
| permlink | 69zff3-landscape |
| voter | judicious |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #55685007/Trx d8566591d9a455d310a609e019cbf9803751d323 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 55685007,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "norvan1033",
"permlink": "69zff3-landscape",
"voter": "judicious",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-07-21T21:39:33",
"trx_id": "d8566591d9a455d310a609e019cbf9803751d323",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}judiciouscustom json: community2021/07/21 21:27:12
judiciouscustom json: community
2021/07/21 21:27:12
| id | community |
| json | ["subscribe",{"community":"hive-172186"}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["judicious"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #55684764/Trx 1b01fba3e6abb474488560d49f6202a0332de5f5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 55684764,
"op": [
"custom_json",
{
"id": "community",
"json": "[\"subscribe\",{\"community\":\"hive-172186\"}]",
"required_auths": [],
"required_posting_auths": [
"judicious"
]
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-07-21T21:27:12",
"trx_id": "1b01fba3e6abb474488560d49f6202a0332de5f5",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}judiciouscustom json: community2021/07/21 21:26:00
judiciouscustom json: community
2021/07/21 21:26:00
| id | community |
| json | ["subscribe",{"community":"hive-109286"}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["judicious"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #55684740/Trx 25eacf93014b359566ff65b8e680d78e978c2ce2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 55684740,
"op": [
"custom_json",
{
"id": "community",
"json": "[\"subscribe\",{\"community\":\"hive-109286\"}]",
"required_auths": [],
"required_posting_auths": [
"judicious"
]
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-07-21T21:26:00",
"trx_id": "25eacf93014b359566ff65b8e680d78e978c2ce2",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}judiciouscustom json: community2021/07/21 21:23:42
judiciouscustom json: community
2021/07/21 21:23:42
| id | community |
| json | ["subscribe",{"community":"hive-108451"}] |
| required auths | [] |
| required posting auths | ["judicious"] |
| Transaction Info | Block #55684694/Trx d945dc79589f51a4bbf3ae8daa84c2259a6882c9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 55684694,
"op": [
"custom_json",
{
"id": "community",
"json": "[\"subscribe\",{\"community\":\"hive-108451\"}]",
"required_auths": [],
"required_posting_auths": [
"judicious"
]
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-07-21T21:23:42",
"trx_id": "d945dc79589f51a4bbf3ae8daa84c2259a6882c9",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.014 SP to @judicious2021/06/14 02:32:12
steemdelegated 5.014 SP to @judicious
2021/06/14 02:32:12
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8153.963917 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54609777/Trx c190ca911678ef3431134e361f0752c4029e92a8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 54609777,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8153.963917 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-14T02:32:12",
"trx_id": "c190ca911678ef3431134e361f0752c4029e92a8",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.129 SP to @judicious2020/12/11 12:48:42
steemdelegated 5.129 SP to @judicious
2020/12/11 12:48:42
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8341.385891 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49357168/Trx c1bdbb7b9d984c8458d884dc3c96c9bb288f5e2b |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49357168,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "8341.385891 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T12:48:42",
"trx_id": "c1bdbb7b9d984c8458d884dc3c96c9bb288f5e2b",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @judicious2020/12/06 06:25:21
steemdelegated 1.176 SP to @judicious
2020/12/06 06:25:21
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49208720/Trx 800a4d3d69462424bb1ce6ec219a2b0184c55f5b |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49208720,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "judicious",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T06:25:21",
"trx_id": "800a4d3d69462424bb1ce6ec219a2b0184c55f5b",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}steemdelegated 5.133 SP to @judicious2020/12/05 16:26:51
steemdelegated 5.133 SP to @judicious
2020/12/05 16:26:51
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8347.593745 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49192265/Trx eddb012626760bd4a19e098d6e604fa4cc65c8d3 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @judicious2020/11/02 19:07:00
steemdelegated 1.181 SP to @judicious
2020/11/02 19:07:00
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1920.017158 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48261898/Trx 96cebd8d0ede7f9a4c52f6299188b8a49faa0851 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 5.257 SP to @judicious2020/05/09 07:24:42
steemdelegated 5.257 SP to @judicious
2020/05/09 07:24:42
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8550.399104 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43218996/Trx cf324b5d2058f6bdff2cf60fafd6ee5a4f1c83a1 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @judicious2020/05/08 11:16:06
steemdelegated 1.201 SP to @judicious
2020/05/08 11:16:06
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43195389/Trx a7aef8e9a0fd0c0bd6dff753f1c66cdfb19ff640 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}2020/01/24 13:20:48
2020/01/24 13:20:48
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @judicious! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@judicious/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@judicious) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=judicious)_</sub> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | judicious |
| parent permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-judicious-20200124t132048000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #40209435/Trx ad7e3e0114763a19759706fd413bfcf5cf55cbdf |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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"body": "Congratulations @judicious! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@judicious/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@judicious) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=judicious)_</sub>\n\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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}steemdelegated 5.367 SP to @judicious2019/07/05 05:18:57
steemdelegated 5.367 SP to @judicious
2019/07/05 05:18:57
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8727.868502 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #34387268/Trx 5adf0317abf88f3905a4cec4780e54c50c52ff5c |
View Raw JSON Data
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}2019/01/24 14:44:27
2019/01/24 14:44:27
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @judicious! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@judicious/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_[Click here to view your Board](https://steemitboard.com/@judicious)_</sub> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**! |
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| parent permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-judicious-20190124t144426000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #29738581/Trx a765f1dca50c22bef7ac9f4bbef0f69b219b2325 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 5.489 SP to @judicious2018/07/15 18:39:09
steemdelegated 5.489 SP to @judicious
2018/07/15 18:39:09
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 8926.748966 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24204610/Trx 88c03088d02d124d75472a87a1a17883087a9b8e |
View Raw JSON Data
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}steemdelegated 18.050 SP to @judicious2018/04/15 20:20:15
steemdelegated 18.050 SP to @judicious
2018/04/15 20:20:15
| delegatee | judicious |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 29356.105708 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21597922/Trx fe849b4518aa8964557a29f5fdb15930502b7065 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}judicioussent 0.357 SBD to @polaleye50- "e1"2018/04/15 18:26:54
judicioussent 0.357 SBD to @polaleye50- "e1"
2018/04/15 18:26:54
| amount | 0.357 SBD |
| from | judicious |
| memo | e1 |
| to | polaleye50 |
| Transaction Info | Block #21595655/Trx dc1de0ad956dc32c2fb8d3ce67477e9b7568dc18 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
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}judiciousclaimed reward balance: 0.357 SBD, 0.118 SP2018/04/15 18:24:12
judiciousclaimed reward balance: 0.357 SBD, 0.118 SP
2018/04/15 18:24:12
| account | judicious |
| reward sbd | 0.357 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.000 STEEM |
| reward vests | 192.246353 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #21595601/Trx 2048709c8b7db98cd48c16049d05ad287c62831e |
View Raw JSON Data
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"trx_id": "2048709c8b7db98cd48c16049d05ad287c62831e",
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}2018/03/29 17:45:42
2018/03/29 17:45:42
| author | wafrica |
| body | Dear friend, you do not appear to be following @wafrica. Follow @wafrica to get a valuable upvote on your quality post! |
| json metadata | |
| parent author | judicious |
| parent permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| permlink | re-orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses-20180329t174539 |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #21105307/Trx 2edfc59ed7475e65e5f43e527ad215441a2a394f |
View Raw JSON Data
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}2018/03/29 16:46:15
2018/03/29 16:46:15
| author | wafrica |
| body | Dear friend, you do not appear to be following @wafrica. Follow @wafrica to get a valuable upvote on your quality post! |
| json metadata | |
| parent author | judicious |
| parent permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| permlink | re-orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses-20180329t164611 |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #21104118/Trx 9c903809791f521a061c70b0f3bde3bda5a2a116 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses2018/03/29 16:09:06
judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses
2018/03/29 16:09:06
| author | judicious |
| permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| voter | judicious |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #21103376/Trx 15614cd8d3660d95fbb498f281ae78a7eb621617 |
View Raw JSON Data
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}judiciouspublished a new post: orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses2018/03/29 16:09:06
judiciouspublished a new post: orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses
2018/03/29 16:09:06
| author | judicious |
| body |  Respiratory illnesses are responsible for more than half of all acute illnesses each year in the united states of America. The orthomyxoviridae which are the influenza viruses are the major determinant of morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory disease, and outbreaks of infection sometimes occur in worldwide epidemics. Influenza has been responsible for millions of death worldwide. Mutability and high frequency of genetic reassorment and resultant antigenic changes in the viral surface glycoproteins make influenza viruses formidable challenges for control efforts. Influenza type A is antigenically highly variable which is responsible for most epidemic influenza cases. Influenza type B may show antigenic changes and may also leads to epidemics. Influenza type C is antigenically stable and can leads to only mild illness in immunocompetent human being. Properties of Orthomyxoviruses Three immunologic types of influenza viruses are known, designated A, B and C. Antigenic changes often happen within the influenza type A group of influenza viruses and to a lesser degree in the type B group, whereas type C appears to be antigenically stable. Influenza A strains are also known for aquatic birds, seals, horses. Some of the strains isolated from animals are antigenically similar to strains circulating in the human population. Influenza Virus Infections in Humans Influenza virus is a communicable disease that can be communicated from one person to another person through air borne droplets or also through contact with contaminated hands or surfaces. A few cells of respiratory epithelium are infected if deposited virus particles avoid removal by the cough reflex and escape neutralizations by pre-existing specific IgA antibodies or inactivation by nonspecific inhibitors in the mucous secretions. Progeny virions are soon produced and spread to adjacents cells, where the replicative cycle is repeated. Viral NA lowers the viscosity of the mucous film in the respiratory tract, laying bate cellular surface receptors and promoting the spread of virus-containing fluid to lower portions of the tract. Within a short time, many cells in the respiratory tract are infected and eventually killed. The incubation period from exposure to virus and the onset of illness varies from a day to four days , depending upon the size of the viral dose and the immune status of the host. Viral shedding starts the day preceeding onset symptoms, peak within 24 hours, remains elevated for 1 to 2 days, and then declines over the next 5 days . infectious virus is very rarely recovered from blood. Interferon is detectable in respiratory secretions about a day after viral shedding begins. Influenza viruses are very sensitive to the antiviral effects of interferon, and it is believed that the interferon response contributes to host recovery from infection. Specific antibody and cell-mediated responses cannot be detected for another 1 to 2 weeks. Influenza infections cause cellular destruction and desquamation of superficial mucosa of the respiratory tract but do not affect the basal layer of epithelium. Complete reparation of cellular damage probably takes up to 1 month. Viral damage probably takes up to a month. Viral damage to the respiratory tract epithelium lowers its resistance to secondary bacterial invaders, especially staphylococci, streptococci, and Haemophilis Influenzae. Edema and mononuclear infilterations in response to cell death and desquamation due to viral replication probably account for local symptoms. The prominent systemic symptoms associated with influenza probably reflect the production of cytokines. Influenza attacks maily the upper respirarory tract. It poses a serious risk for the elderly, the very young, and people with underlying medical conditions such as lung, kidney, or heart problems, diabetes or cancer. Symptoms Symptoms of classic influenza usually appear abruptly and include chills, headache, and dry cough, followed closely by high fever, generalized muscular aches, malaise, and anorexia. The fever usually lasts 3 to 5 days, as do the systemic symptoms, respiratory symptoms typically last another 3 to 4 days. The cough and weakness may persist for 2 to 4 weeks after major symptoms subside. Mild or asymptomatic infections may occur. These symptoms may be induced by any strain of influenza A or B. Influenza C seldom caused the influenza syndrome, instead it leads to a common cold illness. Coryza cough as a symptom may last for several weeks. Clinical symptoms of influenza in children are similar to those in adults, although, children may have higher fever and a higher incidence of gastrointestinal manifestations such as vomiting. Febrile convulsions can occur. Influenza A viruses are an important cause of croup in children under a year of age, which may be severe. Finally, otitis media may develop. When influenza appears in epidemic form, clinical findings are consistent enough that the disease can be diagnosed, sporadic cases cannot be diagnosed on clinical grounds, as disease manifestations cannot be distinguished from those caused by other respiratory tract pathogens. However, those agents rarely cause severe viral pneumonia, which is a complication of influenza A virus infection. Serious complications usually occur only in the elderly and debilitated, especially those with underlying chronic disease. Pregnancy appears to be a risk factor for lethal pulmonary complications in some epidemics. The lethal impact of an influenza epidemic I reflected in the excess deaths due to pneumonia and cardiopulmonary disease. |
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| parent author | |
| parent permlink | steemstem |
| permlink | orthomyxoviruses-influenza-viruses |
| title | ORTHOMYXOVIRUSES Influenza Viruses |
| Transaction Info | Block #21103376/Trx 15614cd8d3660d95fbb498f281ae78a7eb621617 |
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"body": "\nRespiratory illnesses are responsible for more than half of all acute illnesses each year in the united states of America. The orthomyxoviridae which are the influenza viruses are the major determinant of morbidity and mortality caused by respiratory disease, and outbreaks of infection sometimes occur in worldwide epidemics. Influenza has been responsible for millions of death worldwide. Mutability and high frequency of genetic reassorment and resultant antigenic changes in the viral surface glycoproteins make influenza viruses formidable challenges for control efforts. Influenza type A is antigenically highly variable which is responsible for most epidemic influenza cases. Influenza type B may show antigenic changes and may also leads to epidemics. Influenza type C is antigenically stable and can leads to only mild illness in immunocompetent human being.\nProperties of Orthomyxoviruses\nThree immunologic types of influenza viruses are known, designated A, B and C. Antigenic changes often happen within the influenza type A group of influenza viruses and to a lesser degree in the type B group, whereas type C appears to be antigenically stable. Influenza A strains are also known for aquatic birds, seals, horses. Some of the strains isolated from animals are antigenically similar to strains circulating in the human population.\n\nInfluenza Virus Infections in Humans\nInfluenza virus is a communicable disease that can be communicated from one person to another person through air borne droplets or also through contact with contaminated hands or surfaces. A few cells of respiratory epithelium are infected if deposited virus particles avoid removal by the cough reflex and escape neutralizations by pre-existing specific IgA antibodies or inactivation by nonspecific inhibitors in the mucous secretions. Progeny virions are soon produced and spread to adjacents cells, where the replicative cycle is repeated. Viral NA lowers the viscosity of the mucous film in the respiratory tract, laying bate cellular surface receptors and promoting the spread of virus-containing fluid to lower portions of the tract. Within a short time, many cells in the respiratory tract are infected and eventually killed.\nThe incubation period from exposure to virus and the onset of illness varies from a day to four days , depending upon the size of the viral dose and the immune status of the host. Viral shedding starts the day preceeding onset symptoms, peak within 24 hours, remains elevated for 1 to 2 days, and then declines over the next 5 days . infectious virus is very rarely recovered from blood.\n\nInterferon is detectable in respiratory secretions about a day after viral shedding begins. Influenza viruses are very sensitive to the antiviral effects of interferon, and it is believed that the interferon response contributes to host recovery from infection. Specific antibody and cell-mediated responses cannot be detected for another 1 to 2 weeks.\nInfluenza infections cause cellular destruction and desquamation of superficial mucosa of the respiratory tract but do not affect the basal layer of epithelium. Complete reparation of cellular damage probably takes up to 1 month. Viral damage probably takes up to a month. Viral damage to the respiratory tract epithelium lowers its resistance to secondary bacterial invaders, especially staphylococci, streptococci, and Haemophilis Influenzae.\nEdema and mononuclear infilterations in response to cell death and desquamation due to viral replication probably account for local symptoms. The prominent systemic symptoms associated with influenza probably reflect the production of cytokines. \nInfluenza attacks maily the upper respirarory tract. It poses a serious risk for the elderly, the very young, and people with underlying medical conditions such as lung, kidney, or heart problems, diabetes or cancer. \nSymptoms\nSymptoms of classic influenza usually appear abruptly and include chills, headache, and dry cough, followed closely by high fever, generalized muscular aches, malaise, and anorexia. The fever usually lasts 3 to 5 days, as do the systemic symptoms, respiratory symptoms typically last another 3 to 4 days. The cough and weakness may persist for 2 to 4 weeks after major symptoms subside.\nMild or asymptomatic infections may occur. These symptoms may be induced by any strain of influenza A or B. Influenza C seldom caused the influenza syndrome, instead it leads to a common cold illness. Coryza cough as a symptom may last for several weeks.\nClinical symptoms of influenza in children are similar to those in adults, although, children may have higher fever and a higher incidence of gastrointestinal manifestations such as vomiting. Febrile convulsions can occur. Influenza A viruses are an important cause of croup in children under a year of age, which may be severe. Finally, otitis media may develop.\nWhen influenza appears in epidemic form, clinical findings are consistent enough that the disease can be diagnosed, sporadic cases cannot be diagnosed on clinical grounds, as disease manifestations cannot be distinguished from those caused by other respiratory tract pathogens. However, those agents rarely cause severe viral pneumonia, which is a complication of influenza A virus infection.\n\t\nSerious complications usually occur only in the elderly and debilitated, especially those with underlying chronic disease. Pregnancy appears to be a risk factor for lethal pulmonary complications in some epidemics. The lethal impact of an influenza epidemic I reflected in the excess deaths due to pneumonia and cardiopulmonary disease.",
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}judiciousreceived 0.235 SBD, 0.077 SP author reward for @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/10 18:55:12
judiciousreceived 0.235 SBD, 0.077 SP author reward for @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/10 18:55:12
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2018/02/05 19:45:09
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}barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/04 06:08:45
barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/04 06:08:45
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}polaleye50upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/04 06:08:27
polaleye50upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/04 06:08:27
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}naijaboostupvoted (20.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/03 21:17:09
naijaboostupvoted (20.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/03 21:17:09
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2018/02/03 18:55:39
| author | cheetah |
| body | Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in: http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/126/1/126 |
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}cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/03 18:55:36
cheetahupvoted (0.08%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/03 18:55:36
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}judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/03 18:55:12
judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/03 18:55:12
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}judiciouspublished a new post: obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases2018/02/03 18:55:12
judiciouspublished a new post: obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases
2018/02/03 18:55:12
| author | judicious |
| body | Obesity can be a serious health problem and is ultimately no laughing matter. Obesity is a risk factor for other generative diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (type 2 adult onset), diseases of heart and circulation, and certain cancers. Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat. By using body weight as an index, obesity is a weight greater than 20% more than the average desirable weight for men and women of a given height. Obesity results when there is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. [source](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/12/11/00/20/obese-3011213_960_720.jpg) ## CAUSES #### Over Eating This may result from primary failure in the regulation of ingesting behavior at the cognitive level. This usually results in excessive caloric intake that exceeds energy needs of the individual. Why do people over eat? Set points are only one piece in a complex puzzle that scientists are still trying to solve. Their search is fueled by the fact that obesity is a major health risk and, for many, a source of social stigma and low self-esteem. If eating were controlled only by internal needs, fewer people would overeat. The sight or aroma of food often makes people want to eat, even when they do not feel hungry. It seems that many people are sensitive to external cues (signs and signal linked with food). If you are sensitive to external cues, you are most likely to eat when food is attractive, highly visible, and easy to obtain. People of all weights can be found who are unusually sensitive to external eating cues. Placing animals on a supermarket diet, for instance, can lead to gross obesity. In one experiment, rats were given meals of chocolate chip cookies, salami, cheese, bananas, marshmallows, milk, chocolate, peanut butter, and fat. Rats on this diet gained almost three times as much weight as control animals that ate only laboratory rat chow (rat chow is a dry mixture of several bland grains. If you were a rat, you’d probably eat more cookies than a rat chow too!) We humans also appear to be sensitive to dietary content. In general, sweetness, high fat content, and variety tend to encourage overeating. #### Age As a general rule, as you grow older, your metabolic rate slow down and you do not require as many calories to maintain your weight. Do people have different set points? YES, set points appear to be partly inherited and partly affected by childhood feeding pattern. If a child’s birth parents are overweight, the child is likely to become obese too. This suggested that genes greatly influence adult weight. Also, the set point tends to be higher for people who were overfed as children. Adults whose weight problems began in childhood tend to have more fat cells and larger fat cells in the body. What about a person who does not become overweight until childhood? In that case, the fat cells grow larger, but they usually do not increase in number. Thus, weight problems that began in childhood are much more difficult to control. #### Emotional factors Many people overeat when they are stressed, bored or angry. Overtime, the association between emotion and food can become firmly fixed. Depression or stress are also causes of obesity and other patterns of disordered eating. A cursory observation reveals that people with weight problems are just as likely to eat when they are anxious, angry or sad, as when hungry. Furthermore, unhappiness often accompanies obesity in our fat-conscious culture. The result is a pattern of overeating that leads to emotional distress and still more overeating. #### Sex It is common in women in whom it is liable to occur after pregnancy, especially repeated pregnancies. A woman may gain as much as 12.5kg during pregnancy. Most of this will be in form of adipose store mainly for the demand of lactation. However many women gain more weight and retain part of this weight becoming progressively obese with each succeeding child. Males have a higher resting metabolic rate than females, so males require more calories to maintain their body weight. 5. Environment/culture: An environment where people eat high fat and high sugar diets and take little exercise, causes more problems with excess weight and obesity than one where people eat low fat diets and regular exercise. Cultural belief also contributes to the development of obesity. It seems that our culture may provide the worst possible kinds of foods for those with a tendency toward obesity. 6. Lack of physical activity: lack of physical exercise are key factors in the increase of obesity and other metabolic disease. The more you move your body the more calories you burn. ## TECHNIQUES AND STANDARD FOR MEASURING OBESITY #### Body mass index (BMI): This is calculated by dividing the body mass in kg by square of height in meters (BMI = kg/m2). The BMI is used to define underweight, overweight and obese individuals. BMI Categories: * Underweight = <18.5 * Normal weight = 18.5-24.9 * Over weight = 25-29.9 * Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater * Skinfold thickness * Waist/hip-ratios * Body fat distribution: Pear vs Apples ### CASE STUDY ***A 25 year old female weighing 68kg, height of 167cm and of moderate physical activity has a BMI 29. Healthy BMI ranges from 18.5-24.9, therefore healthy weight range is 43.3-58.5kg. Based on the current weight, height and activity level, daily calories requirement is 2291 calories. This is what is needed by this person to maintain the current weight. However, food is not the only thing that affects weight management; exercise or lack of it will impact of amount of calories burned and therefore the net caloric intake. To change your weight by 0.5kg or 1lb in one week, you must increase or reduce your net caloric intake by 500 calories per day or 3500 calories per week.*** #### WHAT CAN BE DONE TO CONTROL WEIGHT What is really needed if one wishes to lose weight is to overhaul eating habits and to control cues for eating. The person who succeeds in changing eating habits can expect a permanent weight reduction. This approach, called behavioural dieting, is greatly superior to simple dieting for weight control. The following list summarizes several behavioural techniques that have proved helpful. 1. Learn your eating habits by observing yourself and keeping a “diet diary”. Begin by making a complete record of your eating habits for two weeks. Record when and where you eat, what you eat, and the feelings and events that occur just before and after eating. 1. Count calories, but don’t starve yourself. To lose, you must eat less, and calories allow you to keep an accurate record of your food intake. If you have trouble eating less every day, try dieting four days a week. People who diet intensely every other day lose as much as those who diet moderately every day. 1. Develop techniques to control the act of eating. Begin by taking smaller portions. Carry to the table only what you plan to eat. Pull all other food away before leaving the kitchen. Eat slowly, finish one mouthful before taking another, sip water between bites of food, count your mouthfuls, and leave food on your plate. Generally, avoid eating alone, since you are less likely to overeat in front of others. (One exception is eating at social events where food is plentiful and you are urged to eat. Another is eating with someone else who is overeating. In either case, eating may be facilitated). 1. Try to base eating on hunger, not on taste, or learned habits that dictate leaving a clean plate. When you see something really appealing, ask yourself. Am I hungry? Do I need to eat? Or do I just want a good taste? If your desire to eat is based on taste, turn the food down. Also, during meals pause for a minute or two and then ask yourself. “Am I full”. If the answer is yes, stop eating. 1. Learn to weaken your personal eating cues. When you have learned when and where you do most of your eating, avoid these situations. Try to restrict your eating to one room, and do not read, watch Tv, study, or talk on the phone while eating. Require yourself to interrupt what you are doing in order to eat. Be especially aware of the “night eating syndrome”. Most calories are consumed late in the day or at night. Keep food out of sight and find things to do to keep yourself busy during this dangerous period. #### TREATMENT A poor diet and lack of exercise are the most common causes of obesity, there are some fairly simple treatment for obesity. 1. Incorporating more natural foods into your diet 1. Drinking more water 1. Cutting out junk food and getting into the habit of exercising several times every week. #### CONCLUSION Excessive body fat resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure is the most important nutritional problem in developed countries and is rapidly becoming a global epidemic; a definition of a healthy diet that fails to address this problem would be deficient. Some well-intended guideline are highly prescriptive in terms of energy intake or servings per day of each food group. A fundamental problem is that even the healthiest combination of foods consumed in sight excess, by only a percentage or two, over an extended period will lead to overweight. It is a fact now that optimal health is linked to good nutrition. The importance of good nutrition is the main preventive measure against a high number of human diseases. The importance of good nutrition to achieve optimal health is unquestionable. ##### References [Lifestyle disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_disease) [Obesity and overweight](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/) [Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies](http://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/view/17/414) [Adult Obesity Causes & Consequences](https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html) [Obesity Health Risk](https://www.webmd.com/diet/obesity/obesity-health-risks) []() []() |
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| parent author | |
| parent permlink | stemng |
| permlink | obesity-a-risk-factor-for-other-degenerative-diseases |
| title | OBESITY: A RISK FACTOR FOR OTHER DEGENERATIVE DISEASES |
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"body": "Obesity can be a serious health problem and is ultimately no laughing matter. Obesity is a risk factor for other generative diseases, such as diabetes mellitus (type 2 adult onset), diseases of heart and circulation, and certain cancers. Obesity is defined as an excess of body fat. By using body weight as an index, obesity is a weight greater than 20% more than the average desirable weight for men and women of a given height. Obesity results when there is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure.\n[source](https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2017/12/11/00/20/obese-3011213_960_720.jpg)\n\n## CAUSES\n\n#### Over Eating\n This may result from primary failure in the regulation of ingesting behavior at the cognitive level. This usually results in excessive caloric intake that exceeds energy needs of the individual. Why do people over eat? Set points are only one piece in a complex puzzle that scientists are still trying to solve. Their search is fueled by the fact that obesity is a major health risk and, for many, a source of social stigma and low self-esteem. If eating were controlled only by internal needs, fewer people would overeat. The sight or aroma of food often makes people want to eat, even when they do not feel hungry. It seems that many people are sensitive to external cues (signs and signal linked with food). If you are sensitive to external cues, you are most likely to eat when food is attractive, highly visible, and easy to obtain. People of all weights can be found who are unusually sensitive to external eating cues. Placing animals on a supermarket diet, for instance, can lead to gross obesity. In one experiment, rats were given meals of chocolate chip cookies, salami, cheese, bananas, marshmallows, milk, chocolate, peanut butter, and fat. Rats on this diet gained almost three times as much weight as control animals that ate only laboratory rat chow (rat chow is a dry mixture of several bland grains. If you were a rat, you’d probably eat more cookies than a rat chow too!) We humans also appear to be sensitive to dietary content. In general, sweetness, high fat content, and variety tend to encourage overeating.\n\n\n#### Age\n As a general rule, as you grow older, your metabolic rate slow down and you do not require as many calories to maintain your weight. Do people have different set points? YES, set points appear to be partly inherited and partly affected by childhood feeding pattern. If a child’s birth parents are overweight, the child is likely to become obese too. This suggested that genes greatly influence adult weight. Also, the set point tends to be higher for people who were overfed as children. Adults whose weight problems began in childhood tend to have more fat cells and larger fat cells in the body. What about a person who does not become overweight until childhood? In that case, the fat cells grow larger, but they usually do not increase in number. Thus, weight problems that began in childhood are much more difficult to control.\n\n#### Emotional factors\n Many people overeat when they are stressed, bored or angry. Overtime, the association between emotion and food can become firmly fixed. Depression or stress are also causes of obesity and other patterns of disordered eating. A cursory observation reveals that people with weight problems are just as likely to eat when they are anxious, angry or sad, as when hungry. Furthermore, unhappiness often accompanies obesity in our fat-conscious culture. The result is a pattern of overeating that leads to emotional distress and still more overeating.\n\n#### Sex\n It is common in women in whom it is liable to occur after pregnancy, especially repeated pregnancies. A woman may gain as much as 12.5kg during pregnancy. Most of this will be in form of adipose store mainly for the demand of lactation. However many women gain more weight and retain part of this weight becoming progressively obese with each succeeding child. Males have a higher resting metabolic rate than females, so males require more calories to maintain their body weight.\n5.\tEnvironment/culture: An environment where people eat high fat and high sugar diets and take little exercise, causes more problems with excess weight and obesity than one where people eat low fat diets and regular exercise. Cultural belief also contributes to the development of obesity. It seems that our culture may provide the worst possible kinds of foods for those with a tendency toward obesity.\n6.\tLack of physical activity: lack of physical exercise are key factors in the increase of obesity and other metabolic disease. The more you move your body the more calories you burn.\n\n## TECHNIQUES AND STANDARD FOR MEASURING OBESITY \n\n#### Body mass index (BMI):\n This is calculated by dividing the body mass in kg by square of height in meters (BMI = kg/m2). The BMI is used to define underweight, overweight and obese individuals.\nBMI Categories:\n* Underweight = <18.5\n* Normal weight = 18.5-24.9\n* Over weight = 25-29.9\n* Obesity = BMI of 30 or greater\n* Skinfold thickness\n* Waist/hip-ratios\n* Body fat distribution: Pear vs Apples\n\n### CASE STUDY\n***A 25 year old female weighing 68kg, height of 167cm and of moderate physical activity has a BMI 29. Healthy BMI ranges from 18.5-24.9, therefore healthy weight range is 43.3-58.5kg. Based on the current weight, height and activity level, daily calories requirement is 2291 calories. This is what is needed by this person to maintain the current weight. However, food is not the only thing that affects weight management; exercise or lack of it will impact of amount of calories burned and therefore the net caloric intake. To change your weight by 0.5kg or 1lb in one week, you must increase or reduce your net caloric intake by 500 calories per day or 3500 calories per week.***\n\n#### WHAT CAN BE DONE TO CONTROL WEIGHT\nWhat is really needed if one wishes to lose weight is to overhaul eating habits and to control cues for eating. The person who succeeds in changing eating habits can expect a permanent weight reduction. This approach, called behavioural dieting, is greatly superior to simple dieting for weight control.\nThe following list summarizes several behavioural techniques that have proved helpful.\n1. Learn your eating habits by observing yourself and keeping a “diet diary”. Begin by making a complete record of your eating habits for two weeks. Record when and where you eat, what you eat, and the feelings and events that occur just before and after eating.\n1. Count calories, but don’t starve yourself. To lose, you must eat less, and calories allow you to keep an accurate record of your food intake. If you have trouble eating less every day, try dieting four days a week. People who diet intensely every other day lose as much as those who diet moderately every day.\n1. Develop techniques to control the act of eating. Begin by taking smaller portions. Carry to the table only what you plan to eat. Pull all other food away before leaving the kitchen. Eat slowly, finish one mouthful before taking another, sip water between bites of food, count your mouthfuls, and leave food on your plate. Generally, avoid eating alone, since you are less likely to overeat in front of others. (One exception is eating at social events where food is plentiful and you are urged to eat. Another is eating with someone else who is overeating. In either case, eating may be facilitated).\n1. Try to base eating on hunger, not on taste, or learned habits that dictate leaving a clean plate. When you see something really appealing, ask yourself. Am I hungry? Do I need to eat? Or do I just want a good taste? If your desire to eat is based on taste, turn the food down. Also, during meals pause for a minute or two and then ask yourself. “Am I full”. If the answer is yes, stop eating.\n1. Learn to weaken your personal eating cues. When you have learned when and where you do most of your eating, avoid these situations. Try to restrict your eating to one room, and do not read, watch Tv, study, or talk on the phone while eating. Require yourself to interrupt what you are doing in order to eat. Be especially aware of the “night eating syndrome”. Most calories are consumed late in the day or at night. Keep food out of sight and find things to do to keep yourself busy during this dangerous period.\n\n\n#### TREATMENT\nA poor diet and lack of exercise are the most common causes of obesity, there are some fairly simple treatment for obesity.\n1. Incorporating more natural foods into your diet\n1. Drinking more water\n1. Cutting out junk food and getting into the habit of exercising several times every week.\n\n#### CONCLUSION\nExcessive body fat resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure is the most important nutritional problem in developed countries and is rapidly becoming a global epidemic; a definition of a healthy diet that fails to address this problem would be deficient. Some well-intended guideline are highly prescriptive in terms of energy intake or servings per day of each food group. A fundamental problem is that even the healthiest combination of foods consumed in sight excess, by only a percentage or two, over an extended period will lead to overweight. It is a fact now that optimal health is linked to good nutrition. The importance of good nutrition is the main preventive measure against a high number of human diseases. The importance of good nutrition to achieve optimal health is unquestionable. \n\n##### References\n\n[Lifestyle disease](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle_disease)\n[Obesity and overweight](http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/)\n[Journal of the ASEAN Federation of Endocrine Societies](http://asean-endocrinejournal.org/index.php/JAFES/article/view/17/414)\n[Adult Obesity Causes & Consequences](https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/adult/causes.html)\n[Obesity Health Risk](https://www.webmd.com/diet/obesity/obesity-health-risks)\n[]()\n[]()",
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}vazakevvaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment2018/01/31 22:04:00
vazakevvaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 22:04:00
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2018/01/31 21:08:33
| author | minnowsupport |
| body | <p>Congratulations! This post has been upvoted from the communal account, @minnowsupport, by polaleye50 from the Minnow Support Project. It's a witness project run by aggroed, ausbitbank, teamsteem, theprophet0, someguy123, neoxian, followbtcnews, and netuoso. The goal is to help Steemit grow by supporting Minnows. Please find us at the <a href="https://discord.gg/HYj4yvw"> Peace, Abundance, and Liberty Network (PALnet) Discord Channel</a>. It's a completely public and open space to all members of the Steemit community who voluntarily choose to be there.</p> <p>If you would like to delegate to the Minnow Support Project you can do so by clicking on the following links: <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=102530.639667%20VESTS">50SP</a>, <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=205303.639667%20VESTS">100SP</a>, <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=514303.639667%20VESTS">250SP</a>, <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=1025303.639667%20VESTS">500SP</a>, <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=2053030.639667%20VESTS">1000SP</a>, <a href="https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/delegateVestingShares?delegator=&delegatee=minnowsupport&vesting_shares=10253030.639667%20VESTS">5000SP</a>. <br><strong>Be sure to leave at least 50SP undelegated on your account.</strong></p> |
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}minnowsupportupvoted (0.50%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/31 19:42:15
minnowsupportupvoted (0.50%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/31 19:42:15
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}stemngupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment2018/01/31 19:19:51
stemngupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 19:19:51
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}fredkeseupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment2018/01/31 18:11:45
fredkeseupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 18:11:45
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}barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment2018/01/31 17:41:18
barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 17:41:18
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polaleye50upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 17:41:12
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2018/01/31 12:18:33
| author | judicious |
| body | my pleasure sir. I hope you have picked something from it. |
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"body": "my pleasure sir. I hope you have picked something from it.",
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2018/01/31 12:15:36
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2018/01/31 12:06:24
| author | shahnawazsipra |
| body | Too much informative sir 👍👍 thanks for sharing.. |
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}judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment2018/01/31 12:03:18
judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 12:03:18
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judiciouspublished a new post: principles-of-human-growth-and-deveopment
2018/01/31 12:03:18
| author | judicious |
| body | There is a set of principles that characteristic the pattern and process of growth and development. These principles or characteristics describe typical development as a predictable and orderly process, that is, we can predict how more children will develop and that they will develop at the same rate and at about the same time as other children. Although there are individual differences in children’s person abilities, activity levels and timing of developmental milestones, such as ages and stages, the principles and characteristics of development are universal patterns. [source](https://pixabay.com/en/growing-peoples-business-growth-2835898/) ## The principles are as follows: #### Development proceeds from the head downwards This is called the CEPHALOCAUDAL principle. This principle describe the direction of growth and development. According to this principles, the child gains control of the head first, then the arms, and then the legs. Infant develop control of the head and face movements within the first two months after births. In the next few months, they are able to lift themselves up by using their arms. By 6 to 12months of age, infants starts to gain leg control and may be able to crawl, stand, or walk. Coordination of arms always precedes coordination of legs. #### Development proceeds from the centre of the body outwards This is the principle of proximodorsal development that also describes the direction of development. This means that the spinal cord develops before outer part of the body. The Childs arms develop before the hands and the hands and feet develop before the fingers and toes. Finger and toe muscles (used in fine motor dexterity) are the last of develop in physical development. [source](https://pixabay.com/en/sweet-white-mature-vintage-asia-1807547/) #### Development depends on maturation and learning: Maturation refers to the sequential characteristics of biological growth and development. The biological changes occurs in sequential order and give children new abilities. Changes in the brain and nervous system help children to improve in thinking (cognitive) and motor (physical) skills. Also, children must mature to a certain point before they can progress to new skills (readiness). For example, a four month old cannot use language because the infant’s brain has not matured enough to allow the child to talk. By two years old, the brain has developed further and with heap from others, the child will have the capacity to say and understand words. Also, a child can’t write or draw until he has developed the motor control to hold a pencil or crayon. Maturational pattern are innate, that is, genetically programmed. The child’s environment and the learning that occurs as a result of the child’s experience largely determine whether the child will reach optional development. A stimulating environment and varied experiences allow a child to develop to his or her potential. #### Development proceeds from the simple (Concrete) to the mora complex Children use their cognitive and language skills to reason and solve problems. For example, learning relationships between things and how things are similar), or classification is an important ability in cognitive development. The cognitive process of learning how an apple and orange are alike begins with the most simplistic or concrete though of describing the two. Seeing no relationship, a preschools child will describe the objects according yo some property of the object, such as color, such a response would be, “An apple is red (or green) an orange is orange. The first level of thinking about how objects ate alike is to give a descriptions or functional relationship (both concrete thoughts) between the two objects. “An apple and orange are rounds” and an apple and orange are alike because you eat them” are typical responses of three, four and years olds. As children develop further in cognitive skills, they are able to understand a higher and more complex relationship between objects and things: this is, that an apple and orange exist in a class called FRUIT. The child cognitively is then capable of classification. [source](https://pixabay.com/en/man-woman-businessmen-economy-76202/) #### Growth and development is a continuous process As a child develops, he/she adds to the skills already acquired and the new skills become the basis for further achievement and mastery of skills. Most children follow a similar pattern. Also, one stage of development lays the foundation for the next stage of development for example, in motor development, there is predictable sequence of development that occur before walking. The infant lifts and turns the head before he or she can turn over. Infants can move their limbs (arms and legs) before grasping an object. Mastery of climbing stairs involves increasing skills from holding onto walking alone. By the age of four, most children can walk up and down stairs with alternating feet. As in maturation, in order for children to write or draw, they must have developed the manual (hand) control to hold a pencil and crayon. #### Growth and development proceed from the general to specific In motor development, the infant will be able to grasp an object with the whole hand before using only the thumb and forefinger. The infant’s first motor movements are very generalized, undirected, and reflexive, waving arms or kicking before being able to reach or creep toward an object. Growth occurs from large muscle movement to more refined (smaller) muscle movements. #### There are individual rates of growth and development: Each child’s different and the rates at which individual children grow is different/ although the patterns and sequence for growth and development are usually the same for all children, the rate at which individual children reach developmental stages will be different. Understanding this fact of individual differences, in rates of development should cause us to be careful about using and relying on age and stage characteristic to describe or label children. There is a range of ages for any developmental task to take place. This dismisses the notion of the “average child” some children will walk at ten months while others walks a few months older at eighteen month of age. Some children are more active while others are more passive. This does not means that the passive child will be less intelligent as an adult. There is no validity to comparing one child’s progress with or against another child. Rates of development also are not uniform within an individual child. For example, a child’s intellectual development may progress faster than his emotional or social development. An understanding of the principles of development helps us to plan appropriate activities and stimulating and enriching experiences for children, and provides a basis for understanding how to encourage and support young children’s learning. #### Child’s Growth and Development The period of childhood is the formative years when most things that later happen in future are determined. The events of this period play very important role in shaping the future of any child. Parents, teachers, advocates, instructors need to know and understand the formative years of children because of the following reasons: * This will help him have a good understanding of the young ones. * He plays an important role in shaping a child’s future development (life) * He may have to work with a child whose early development has been disturbed and who will need skillful help and guidance to overcome his difficulties By the time a child is born, he is already a product of genetic as well as environmental factors. According to Ausubel (1957), the period of childhood can be divided into five stages, namely; 1. The neonatal period from birth to about 4weeks 1. Infancy – 4 weeks to 2years 1. Pre-school period 2 to 6years 1. Middle childhood – 6 to 9years 1. Pre-adolescence – 9 years to puberty The basic biological needs of every human being are: food, air, water (liquid), activity (exercise) and rest (sleep). But in addition, everybody skill requires certain social or personality needs. These are otherwise known as sociogenic or learned needs. It is doubtful if any child can developed properly or learn effectively if his personality needs are disregarded. It is therefore ensure that classroom activities agree with these sociogenic needs of the children. These needs include the following. #### Need for security: Every child wants thins to be regularly and stable for him in his daily activity. Not to be sure as to how they stand in their group or having anxiety as to whether they will pass or fail a course can destabilize their life. #### Need for affection Everybody wants love. There is a popular saying that: To love is nothing, to be loved is something but to love and be loved is everything. A good and responsible parents is the one who genuinely loves his children. A child destabilized when he sees sign of haltered from his teacher/parents. #### Need for status Every child needs recognition and attention. He will therefore be happy if his teacher, parent or peers recognize him and attend to him while performing. #### Need for freedom or independence Children mostly by limitation therefore, there is always that desire in them to want to behave like adults. Children (adolescents, in particular) want to take responsibility. It is therefore necessary for teacher or parents to give. #### Need for competence Children like to be competent at doing things. No wonders why the brilliants (serious) ones will not like to miss anything in their mathematical calculation. In lost cases they look for what can stimulate them from the environment and they are happy when they can control the desired situation. All that such children need are encouragement and supervision. Finally, adults should let the children have sense of belonging in the home or class or society they belong. They should be made to be part and parcel of the environment. ## MATURATION AND LAERNING Maturation plays an important role in child development. Maturation is the gradual unfolding of inborn characteristics that are common to the species. It is usually independent of experience and learning. Phylogenetic functions depend mainly on maturation while ontogenetic functions depend on training and experience. The two major conditions necessary for maturation to take place are: good nutrition and good health. The maturational development of language in a child proceeds from production of meaningless sounds, then to the production of words and later to that of sentences. However, it is important that one should allow the operation base in a child to develop on its own. To ask/force a child to take up a function prematurely may do more harm than good. At an early stage, a child is unable to hold his head up without his mother supporting the head with her heads. But as he grows up to a stage he is able to hold the head without the mother’s support. The same things goes with a child’s ability to talk and walk. Learning is another principle that plays a major role in child development learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience and training. Behaviour have may be physical (psychomotor, intellectual, cognitive, or emotional affective). Learning must not be something resulting from ingestion of drugs or from injury. Ontogenetic function such as ability to read a book or speak in English language and ability to ride a bicycle or drive a car are all the due to learning. Nobody ever grew up with any of these abilities without training or experience. In addition, most aspect of child’s development are result from interaction between maturation and learning. Many of the ontogenetic functions in a child depend on the level of maturation. For example, a child cannot understand the technique of car-driving unless he attains a particular level of maturity. Consequent upon the interrelationship between maturation and learning, there is always a minimum age which any child can go into the school system in any country (four years, in most cases). Similarly when a child gets into the school, he is not expected to spend less or more than a year in a class so that his age will always correspond to his class each year. This is, of course, under normal circumstance. It is not easy, for instance in Nigeria, for a four year-old child to understand what are being taught in primary three. One expects him to be about 8years of age before getting to that class. |
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"body": "There is a set of principles that characteristic the pattern and process of growth and development. These principles or characteristics describe typical development as a predictable and orderly process, that is, we can predict how more children will develop and that they will develop at the same rate and at about the same time as other children. Although there are individual differences in children’s person abilities, activity levels and timing of developmental milestones, such as ages and stages, the principles and characteristics of development are universal patterns.\n[source](https://pixabay.com/en/growing-peoples-business-growth-2835898/)\n## The principles are as follows:\n\n#### Development proceeds from the head downwards\nThis is called the CEPHALOCAUDAL principle. This principle describe the direction of growth and development. According to this principles, the child gains control of the head first, then the arms, and then the legs. Infant develop control of the head and face movements within the first two months after births. In the next few months, they are able to lift themselves up by using their arms. By 6 to 12months of age, infants starts to gain leg control and may be able to crawl, stand, or walk. Coordination of arms always precedes coordination of legs.\n\n\n#### Development proceeds from the centre of the body outwards\nThis is the principle of proximodorsal development that also describes the direction of development. This means that the spinal cord develops before outer part of the body. The Childs arms develop before the hands and the hands and feet develop before the fingers and toes. Finger and toe muscles (used in fine motor dexterity) are the last of develop in physical development.\n\n[source](https://pixabay.com/en/sweet-white-mature-vintage-asia-1807547/)\n#### Development depends on maturation and learning:\nMaturation refers to the sequential characteristics of biological growth and development. The biological changes occurs in sequential order and give children new abilities. Changes in the brain and nervous system help children to improve in thinking (cognitive) and motor (physical) skills. Also, children must mature to a certain point before they can progress to new skills (readiness). For example, a four month old cannot use language because the infant’s brain has not matured enough to allow the child to talk. By two years old, the brain has developed further and with heap from others, the child will have the capacity to say and understand words.\nAlso, a child can’t write or draw until he has developed the motor control to hold a pencil or crayon. Maturational pattern are innate, that is, genetically programmed. The child’s environment and the learning that occurs as a result of the child’s experience largely determine whether the child will reach optional development. A stimulating environment and varied experiences allow a child to develop to his or her potential.\n\n\n#### Development proceeds from the simple (Concrete) to the mora complex \nChildren use their cognitive and language skills to reason and solve problems. For example, learning relationships between things and how things are similar), or classification is an important ability in cognitive development. The cognitive process of learning how an apple and orange are alike begins with the most simplistic or concrete though of describing the two. Seeing no relationship, a preschools child will describe the objects according yo some property of the object, such as color, such a response would be, “An apple is red (or green) an orange is orange. The first level of thinking about how objects ate alike is to give a descriptions or functional relationship (both concrete thoughts) between the two objects. “An apple and orange are rounds” and an apple and orange are alike because you eat them” are typical responses of three, four and years olds.\n\nAs children develop further in cognitive skills, they are able to understand a higher and more complex relationship between objects and things: this is, that an apple and orange exist in a class called FRUIT. The child cognitively is then capable of classification.\n[source](https://pixabay.com/en/man-woman-businessmen-economy-76202/)\n#### Growth and development is a continuous process \nAs a child develops, he/she adds to the skills already acquired and the new skills become the basis for further achievement and mastery of skills. Most children follow a similar pattern.\nAlso, one stage of development lays the foundation for the next stage of development for example, in motor development, there is predictable sequence of development that occur before walking. The infant lifts and turns the head before he or she can turn over. Infants can move their limbs (arms and legs) before grasping an object. Mastery of climbing stairs involves increasing skills from holding onto walking alone. By the age of four, most children can walk up and down stairs with alternating feet. As in maturation, in order for children to write or draw, they must have developed the manual (hand) control to hold a pencil and crayon.\n\n#### Growth and development proceed from the general to specific\n In motor development, the infant will be able to grasp an object with the whole hand before using only the thumb and forefinger. The infant’s first motor movements are very generalized, undirected, and reflexive, waving arms or kicking before being able to reach or creep toward an object. Growth occurs from large muscle movement to more refined (smaller) muscle movements.\n\n#### There are individual rates of growth and development: \nEach child’s different and the rates at which individual children grow is different/ although the patterns and sequence for growth and development are usually the same for all children, the rate at which individual children reach developmental stages will be different.\nUnderstanding this fact of individual differences, in rates of development should cause us to be careful about using and relying on age and stage characteristic to describe or label children. There is a range of ages for any developmental task to take place. This dismisses the notion of the “average child” some children will walk at ten months while others walks a few months older at eighteen month of age. Some children are more active while others are more passive. This does not means that the passive child will be less intelligent as an adult. There is no validity to comparing one child’s progress with or against another child. Rates of development also are not uniform within an individual child. For example, a child’s intellectual development may progress faster than his emotional or social development. An understanding of the principles of development helps us to plan appropriate activities and stimulating and enriching experiences for children, and provides a basis for understanding how to encourage and support young children’s learning.\n#### Child’s Growth and Development\nThe period of childhood is the formative years when most things that later happen in future are determined. The events of this period play very important role in shaping the future of any child. Parents, teachers, advocates, instructors need to know and understand the formative years of children because of the following reasons:\n* This will help him have a good understanding of the young ones.\n* He plays an important role in shaping a child’s future development (life)\n* He may have to work with a child whose early development has been disturbed and who will need skillful help and guidance to overcome his difficulties \nBy the time a child is born, he is already a product of genetic as well as environmental factors. According to Ausubel (1957), the period of childhood can be divided into five stages, namely;\n1. The neonatal period from birth to about 4weeks \n1. Infancy – 4 weeks to 2years \n1. Pre-school period 2 to 6years \n1. Middle childhood – 6 to 9years \n1. Pre-adolescence – 9 years to puberty\n\nThe basic biological needs of every human being are: food, air, water (liquid), activity (exercise) and rest (sleep). But in addition, everybody skill requires certain social or personality needs. These are otherwise known as sociogenic or learned needs. It is doubtful if any child can developed properly or learn effectively if his personality needs are disregarded. It is therefore ensure that classroom activities agree with these sociogenic needs of the children. These needs include the following.\n\n\n\n#### Need for security: \nEvery child wants thins to be regularly and stable for him in his daily activity. Not to be sure as to how they stand in their group or having anxiety as to whether they will pass or fail a course can destabilize their life.\n\n#### Need for affection\n Everybody wants love. There is a popular saying that: To love is nothing, to be loved is something but to love and be loved is everything. A good and responsible parents is the one who genuinely loves his children. A child destabilized when he sees sign of haltered from his teacher/parents.\n\n#### Need for status\n Every child needs recognition and attention. He will therefore be happy if his teacher, parent or peers recognize him and attend to him while performing.\n\n#### Need for freedom or independence\nChildren mostly by limitation therefore, there is always that desire in them to want to behave like adults. Children (adolescents, in particular) want to take responsibility. It is therefore necessary for teacher or parents to give.\n\n#### Need for competence\n Children like to be competent at doing things. No wonders why the brilliants (serious) ones will not like to miss anything in their mathematical calculation. In lost cases they look for what can stimulate them from the environment and they are happy when they can control the desired situation. All that such children need are encouragement and supervision.\n\tFinally, adults should let the children have sense of belonging in the home or class or society they belong. They should be made to be part and parcel of the environment.\n\n\n## MATURATION AND LAERNING\n\tMaturation plays an important role in child development. Maturation is the gradual unfolding of inborn characteristics that are common to the species. It is usually independent of experience and learning. Phylogenetic functions depend mainly on maturation while ontogenetic functions depend on training and experience.\n\tThe two major conditions necessary for maturation to take place are: good nutrition and good health. The maturational development of language in a child proceeds from production of meaningless sounds, then to the production of words and later to that of sentences. However, it is important that one should allow the operation base in a child to develop on its own. To ask/force a child to take up a function prematurely may do more harm than good. At an early stage, a child is unable to hold his head up without his mother supporting the head with her heads. But as he grows up to a stage he is able to hold the head without the mother’s support. The same things goes with a child’s ability to talk and walk.\nLearning is another principle that plays a major role in child development learning is a relatively permanent change in behaviour as a result of experience and training.\nBehaviour have may be physical (psychomotor, intellectual, cognitive, or emotional affective). Learning must not be something resulting from ingestion of drugs or from injury. Ontogenetic function such as ability to read a book or speak in English language and ability to ride a bicycle or drive a car are all the due to learning. Nobody ever grew up with any of these abilities without training or experience.\n\nIn addition, most aspect of child’s development are result from interaction between maturation and learning. Many of the ontogenetic functions in a child depend on the level of maturation. For example, a child cannot understand the technique of car-driving unless he attains a particular level of maturity. Consequent upon the interrelationship between maturation and learning, there is always a minimum age which any child can go into the school system in any country (four years, in most cases). Similarly when a child gets into the school, he is not expected to spend less or more than a year in a class so that his age will always correspond to his class each year. This is, of course, under normal circumstance. It is not easy, for instance in Nigeria, for a four year-old child to understand what are being taught in primary three. One expects him to be about 8years of age before getting to that class.",
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}fredkeseupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 20:21:42
fredkeseupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 20:21:42
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}sjnj1991upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / my-introduction2018/01/29 20:11:27
sjnj1991upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / my-introduction
2018/01/29 20:11:27
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}st3llarupvoted (3.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 20:02:12
st3llarupvoted (3.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 20:02:12
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}barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 19:51:27
barinekaupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 19:51:27
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}polaleye50upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 19:51:21
polaleye50upvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 19:51:21
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}judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 19:45:09
judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 19:45:09
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}judiciouspublished a new post: finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit2018/01/29 19:45:09
judiciouspublished a new post: finally-the-health-educator-is-on-steemit
2018/01/29 19:45:09
| author | judicious |
| body | Hello Steemit, It is with beatitude to join this awesome community of people with great value and commitment to add values to the world of information and economic sustainability. I am a health educator who advocates, coordinates, teaches and communicates good health practices in order to improve the lives and well being of people in this community. I have expertise in motivating people, gaining their confidence , promote health literacy, manage group discussion, design and evaluate health programmes and campaigns. My enormous contributions to this prestigious community will revolve improving the health status of individuals of this community. It is in my core value to enhance the quality of life of all people and reduce premature deaths by publishing articles that will furnish you with necessary techniques to cope with varying health challenges at every stage of life. By implication, my advent in this community will reduce the cost individuals would spend on medical treatment and facilities. I have coordinated and functioned in several health campaigns such as Rural Medical Outreach,Campaign on Malaria parasite, Yellow Fever, Measles, HIV/AIDs, Drug Abuse, Obesity, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Old age related diseases among other life threatening diseases . I hope to further intensify my effort in improving the lives of people living in the rural areas through my campaigns and outreaches. Your votes and contributions will have a snowball effects on my sincere services to humanity as any reward realized will be put into this cause. I have received several awards and recommendations for these services.   My hobbies include swimming, dancing, research, meeting and helping people. I hope to have great moments in this community for I can do what I love to do best. I must sincerely register my appreciation to the admin of this community for creating a such a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and valuable information. I must also express my gratitude to my referee opaleye@50. Kudos guy !   The Steemit community should anticipate my debut article on this page. It promises to be educative ,informative and phenomenal. Watch out! My name is Owolabi Akinwumi Abraham , my friends call me Judicious. I write from a southwestern state in Nigeria. |
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bottymcbotfaceupvoted (2.00%) @judicious / my-introduction
2018/01/29 19:32:39
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judiciouspublished a new post: my-introduction
2018/01/29 19:31:36
| author | judicious |
| body | Hello Steemit, It is with beatitude to join this awesome community of people with great value and commitment to add values to the world of information and economic sustainability. I am a health educator who advocates, coordinates, teaches and communicates good health practices in order to improve the lives and well being of people in this community. I have expertise in motivating people, gaining their confidence , promote health literacy, manage group discussion, design and evaluate health programmes and campaigns. My enormous contributions to this prestigious community will revolve improving the health status of individuals of this community. It is in my core value to enhance the quality of life of all people and reduce premature deaths by publishing articles that will furnish you with necessary techniques to cope with varying health challenges at every stage of life. By implication, my advent in this community will reduce the cost individuals would spend on medical treatment and facilities. I have coordinated and functioned in several health campaigns such as Rural Medical Outreach,Campaign on Malaria parasite, Yellow Fever, Measles, HIV/AIDs, Drug Abuse, Obesity, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Old age related diseases among other life threatening diseases . I hope to further intensify my effort in improving the lives of people living in the rural areas through my campaigns and outreaches. Your votes and contributions will have a snowball effects on my sincere services to humanity as any reward realized will be put into this cause. I have received several awards and recommendations for these services.   My hobbies include swimming, dancing, research, meeting and helping people. I hope to have great moments in this community for I can do what I love to do best. I must sincerely register my appreciation to the admin of this community for creating a such a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and valuable information. I must also express my gratitude to my referee opaleye@50. Kudos guy !   The Steemit community should anticipate my debut article on this page. It promises to be educative ,informative and phenomenal. Watch out! My name is Owolabi Akinwumi Abraham , my friends call me Judicious. I write from a southwestern state in Nigeria. |
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judiciousupvoted (100.00%) @judicious / my-introduction
2018/01/29 09:59:00
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judiciouspublished a new post: my-introduction
2018/01/29 09:59:00
| author | judicious |
| body | Hello Steemit, It is with beatitude to join this awesome community of people with great value and commitment to add values to the world of information and economic sustainability. I am a health educator who advocates, coordinates, teaches and communicates good health practices in order to improve the lives and well being of people in this community. I have expertise in motivating people, gaining their confidence , promote health literacy, manage group discussion, design and evaluate health programmes and campaigns. My enormous contributions to this prestigious community will revolve improving the health status of individuals of this community. It is in my core value to enhance the quality of life of all people and reduce premature deaths by publishing articles that will furnish you with necessary techniques to cope with varying health challenges at every stage of life. By implication, my advent in this community will reduce the cost individuals would spend on medical treatment and facilities. I have coordinated and functioned in several health campaigns such as Rural Medical Outreach,Campaign on Malaria parasite, Yellow Fever, Measles, HIV/AIDs, Drug Abuse, Obesity, Cancer, Tuberculosis, Pneumonia, Old age related diseases among other life threatening diseases . I hope to further intensify my effort in improving the lives of people living in the rural areas through my campaigns and outreaches. Your votes and contributions will have a snowball effects on my sincere services to humanity as any reward realized will be put into this cause. I have received several awards and recommendations for these services.   My hobbies include swimming, dancing, research, meeting and helping people. I hope to have great moments in this community for I can do what I love to do best. I must sincerely register my appreciation to the admin of this community for creating a such a platform for cross-pollination of ideas and valuable information. I must also express my gratitude to my referee opaleye@50. Kudos guy !   The Steemit community should anticipate my debut article on this page. It promises to be educative ,informative and phenomenal. Watch out! My name is Owolabi Akinwumi Abraham , my friends call me Judicious. I write from a southwestern state in Nigeria. |
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2018/01/24 15:31:45
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judiciousfollowed @polaleye50
2018/01/24 12:57:48
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2018/01/24 12:56:06
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"name": "Judicious ",
"location": "Nigeria"
}
}
}Auth Keys
Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM86YE7Y5GT19usATbkQ6wq5gRS5oF7MfpAMbPoiiHuALRbUG47R1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5gEZ1GYF1Ein7owbdiymg3Tm8rgV7KEmjspaM9Xc58sUs4KsPa1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM4zvYUPZ9f2h2wnA8qM5AiZX3s2r1Acdj3SVe6T1H7pNQwP7fNe1/1
Memo
STM8KQdB5HyYPbavHRDNxL4QeHRERGC3qjZBRstkCrUeAnmkyFhsf
{
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM86YE7Y5GT19usATbkQ6wq5gRS5oF7MfpAMbPoiiHuALRbUG47R",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5gEZ1GYF1Ein7owbdiymg3Tm8rgV7KEmjspaM9Xc58sUs4KsPa",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM4zvYUPZ9f2h2wnA8qM5AiZX3s2r1Acdj3SVe6T1H7pNQwP7fNe",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"memo": "STM8KQdB5HyYPbavHRDNxL4QeHRERGC3qjZBRstkCrUeAnmkyFhsf"
}Witness Votes
0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]