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      "body": "Congratulations @justinctly99! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@justinctly99/birthday2.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 2 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@justinctly99) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=justinctly99)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasWw4jQHwxng82DKxY6Q6tVg9mWcto4xcDURs8knFgCa/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed\">SteemFest Meet The Stemians Contest - The mysterious rule revealed</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
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      "body": "Centralized planning is no different from give money to the top people (Billionaires and corporations) and it will trickle down. Both have been shown to be very bad ideas, and they come from two opposing views of how things should be done. I have always had this strange idea that all of these ideology and economic theories are ideas that emanate from the same group of people who are intent on controlling everyone completely.",
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      "body": "**What Is Economic Socialism?**\nWith the increasing popularity of radical political figures such as AOC and Bernie Sanders, I feel it increasingly necessary to articulate the reasons why socialism is a fundamentally flawed ideology.\n\nI reject socialism not because I am one without compassion or wish for rich corporate leaders to indulge themselves with more money, but because the advocates of socialism ignore economic laws that have manifested themselves in reality and in theory. In this situation, I do not define socialism as government building roads or funding police stations. Rather, I define it as AOC or Sanders would:\n\n***The central planning of the economy.***\nPolitical advocates of socialism rely heavily on the state owning the means of production. The state dictating and deciding what needs and needs not be produced in the economy. But the fact of the matter is that centrally planned economies do not work. And additionally, capitalist economies work more efficiently in raising the standard of living.\n\n**What Is Economics?**\nEconomics plays a huge role in political elections. You’ll often hear politicians go on about how they have caused the economy to flourish. You’ll hear buzz phrases like “I created millions of jobs”, “Or I’ve improved the economy more than President Obama”. But what precisely comes to mind when you hear the word economics?\n\nMost will think of finance, budgeting, money, and jobs. But this is wrong. *Economics is simply the study of how scarce resources are allocated. *In a socialist economy, this happens from the top down. This sort of economic allocation is called \n\n**centralized planning.** The bureaucrats and politicians at the top dictate prices and what they deem as necessary for the economy.\nIn a capitalist economy, economic allocation happens through all members of the market network. This is called \n\n**distributed planning.** Essentially, knowledge of demanded items on the market are decentralized across all individuals that participate in the market. No one entity can track or determine what the market needs most. And academics and politicians are baffled by the idea that the economy cannot be rationally planned from the top down.\nThe role of prices illustrates the superiority of the capitalist system over the socialist one. Prices are not arbitrarily set for an item. Prices act as a signal for people to say how much they want things and how much they are willing to offer. As demand for an item increases, if prices are kept low, then the supply is diminished. In order to keep up with rising demand, prices are naturally raised so that they are allocated to those that desire it the most.\n\n**How Prices Function In A Distributed Economy**\nFor example, let’s say that the demand for yogurt increases dramatically due to a scientific study attributing yogurt to a 10-year increase in life expectancy. The increase in yogurt sales signals to producers that more milk is needed to allocate towards yogurt. Let’s say that yogurt has 10x the demand that cheese and ice cream have, the scarce amount of milk available is allocated more towards yogurt then it is towards cheese and ice cream. This causes the prices of milk to increase. Subsequently, the allocation of living cows versus dead cows also increases, causing the cost of slaughtering a cow to increase. Because of the demand for more living cows and the rising price of dead cows- prices of leather belts, shoes, jackets, steak, hamburgers, baseball mitts and a host of other items increase. To take it further, the increase in the price of baseball mitts causes baseball game tickets to go up. Wow, that’s a lot to keep track of! And that’s only scraping the surface[1].\n\nIt is extremely complex to track the seen and unseen ramifications of shifting prices in an economy. But how a distributed market accounts for this is through prices. Prices help offset the low supply of items and create the right incentives for those who actually desire an item on the market. It happens in real time.\nCould you imagine a bureaucrat who was tasked with the responsibility of setting prices for dairy, but failed to take into account baseball mitts, steak, hamburgers and leather boots? The price for these things would fail to reflect the demand of yogurt and subsequent shortages of these items would be rampant. Now imagine a bureaucrat that is responsible for setting prices for 3.8 million items. It is impossible. The economists of the Soviet Union attempted this and ended up with a massive surplus of moleskins, but a lack of bread[1].\n\nAnd to address AOC’s statement that socialism in the U.S. would take on the form of what was democratically deemed to be “needed”, she fails to grasp the idea that the allocation of scarce resources is best done through price signals and not the whims of the democratic majority. The general populace does not economically know what everyone else wants. And to declare it by legislative fiats, would lead to disastrous shortages. Individuals participating in a market are best able to display their subjective needs by “putting their money where their mouth is.”\n\n**Central Planning Affects Supply And Demand**\nAs articulated above, socialist economies own the means of production and attempt to set prices for millions of items. To look at how a centrally planned economy would deal with prices, take the example of rent control.\nLet’s say the price for a studio apartment in San Francisco has risen to $2000 per month. Due to these “absurd” prices, the government steps in (due to popular demand) and arbitrarily sets the prices at $1500 per month. This is to ensure that “greedy” landlords don’t raise the price. But what are the effects of this? The lowered prices signal to college students and young kids that they should move out of their parent’s house. Movie stars and rich business men realize that they can afford to keep a summer home in San Francisco and a winter home in Hawaii. Soon the demand for apartments shoots up, but the prices do not adjust, leading to a diminished supply. Thus, the control of prices incentivizes individuals to enter a market when they normally wouldn’t[2].\n\n**Conclusion**\nThis isn’t an exhaustive reason as to why I reject the tenets of socialism, but it is nonetheless a compelling one. Socialist economies can still attempt to set prices and allocate goods. In fact, we could get the most intelligent politicians in the world and have them attempt to run the economy. And perhaps it would work better than the Soviet Union.\nBut the argument here is not whether an American socialist economy would work better than the Soviet Union, but rather that the capitalist economy would do much more to raise the standard of living and respond in real time to adjusting supply and demands.\nI don’t even argue for a complete capitalist economy here, because the fact of the matter is that in reality, most national economies are mixed economies. But what we have seen in the historical record is that when a nation leans more and more towards central planning, standard of living drops, poverty increases, and people starve. On the other hand, when a nation leans more towards a distributed planning system the opposite occurs[1].\nI can sympathize with liberal movements that desire to restructure drug laws, protest against wars/foreign intervention, and angrily point out crony capitalists receiving their corporate welfare. The heart of the liberal philosophy is that we should pursue that which increases the welfare of all individuals around the world. In fact, I would say much of my political tendencies align with these classical liberal values. But the centralized planning of economies will in fact destroy the wealth that has been created from distributed systems and plunge society into a lower standard of living. And for this reason, I reject socialism and its illiberal tendencies.\n\n[1] Basic Economics, Thomas Sowell, Chapter 1 The Role of Prices\n[2] Basic Economics, Thomas Sowell, Chapter 1 Rent Control",
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      "body": "![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQkJdzWFc9QrtFGoGAirqkncP9zXDdTkDPCe7NmHN2xeZ/image.png)\nThe idea of God has been trivialized by both believers and non-believers alike. Terms such as sky-daddy or the spaghetti monster have often been used to laugh at the religious believers foolish and naive view that such a being could exist. (Yes the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster is actually real.)\n\nQueue the: “Seriously, you believe that there is some dude that lives up in the sky and grants you blessings when you pray to it?”\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmPRs2G6j74LABCLCBkVNheCtpqWwsXzbFHAucZDJE772i/image.png)\n\nEven amongst believers, they are often forced to retreat to the weakest ground and cling onto the notion that God is something they believe in, so others should respect that. They may even go as far as saying that it doesn’t make sense, but religion makes them happier than if they didn’t believe. Theists have seemingly failed to give a rational basis to religious practice, belief, and God in general-hence the rise in skepticism towards those of religious faith.\n\nAnd understandably, non-believers have ground to deny the existence of God. How could a being such as God be responsible for the suffering and malevolence in the world? Or in the words of some former believers: “How on earth could a God that I did my best to please be responsible for the great suffering I’ve encountered in my life? It’s just not fair.”\nI don’t attempt to answer those questions in this post, but the very idea of a more secular approach and explanation to the psychology and philosophy behind the concept of God has been brewing in my mind over the last 6 months. Thanks to speakers such as Sam Harris, Jordan Peterson, Eric/Brett Weinstein and others, I felt intellectually and spiritually stimulated at the ways in which they were debating/discussing the existence of God. But I didn’t feel that I could articulate these ideas in a manner that would be comprehensible until I was sitting at a work conference one day and we began to discuss the concept of market personas.\n\n**Marketing Personas**\nAn interesting principle in marketing is the use of personas. A marketing persona is defined as a fictional representation of your customers. This representation is based on market research, demographics, patterns, goals, etc. This persona is embodied in an individual and given a name.\n\nOften, companies will have multiple personas because the product they sell is focused on not just one group, but a couple of groups. For example, let’s say company X sells a product that they’ve found through market research that mainly caters to 2 groups:\n\n25–35 year old women, working full-time, owns cats, has an income of around 55–65 K, and lives in urban areas. Let’s call this first group Annie.\n\nThe second group is 57–65 year old women, married, has between 2–4 children, lives in the suburban, and has an income around 90K. Let’s call this second group Joanne.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmefWmX5wj1BzNAtdQ1q3qUrTYE5vrAwQ1J8MBytNLW8pD/image.png)\n\nThe company that uses the personas of Annie and Joanne will have different marketing campaigns based on the group they are choosing to target. *Although Annie and Joanne do not literally exist, they are absolutely true in the sense that (assuming it is based on correct market research) the company will have the best market returns if they choose to focus on these two personas.*\n\nIn marketing, the use of personas is powerful and a great way for conceptualizing the market you’re working for. For the business employees, it anthropomorphizes the customer base, giving it a human element in which they are working to please. One can see that through the hundreds (or thousands) of hours of marketing research, the company is able to abstract these 2 key figures. Perhaps the personas they have created are missing some key details, but with additional research they should be able to refine the idea of their ideal personas. The more they come to refine it and match the actual market ideal, the better returns on investment they will obtain.\n\nThis task is not easy for companies and can often be very costly, but all companies looking for a competitive edge will invest time and money to develop and create personas for their business. The idea of a marketing persona embodies a commonality, a pattern, and a model-developed and abstracted from the research of the customer base that is pertinent to the product being created.\n\n**Archetypes**\nSo why exactly did this spur excitement in me? Because the foundation of Carl Jung, Joseph Campbell, Jordan Peterson and other’s works are based on an idea called an archetype.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVjmF7yf2AwpBQZZ8AVntrp5r7M8ncjkpwTEEsQW7HiW6/image.png)\n\nArchetypes are repeating patterns, motifs, behaviors, models etc. of an original element that is repeated throughout narratives and is not limited by cultural boundaries. Other public intellectuals have used some forms of this archetype idea, but in favor of an agnostic/atheist standpoint. In the words of Richard Dawkins, “Religion is a meme and religious beliefs are a mind parasite.” His basic idea of a meme is something which transmits cultural and social ideas through generations. And due to this religious meme that has been passed down, it has stuck in the minds of man and must be eradicated like any other harmful disease.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTvGmJa5XmLCkUZ9enUCkX8BPfCrUPZ6oDRJx5xab524s/image.png)\n\nJordan Peterson in response has criticized Dawkin’s idea as simplistic. In a discussion with Sam Harris, Peterson was pushed to elaborate on what he meant by “God”. His explanation struck me as having a profound psychological and archetypal core:\n\n*“****God is how we imaginatively and collectively represent the existence and action of consciousness across time****. As the most real aspects of existence manifest themselves across the longest of time frames, but are not necessarily apprehensible as objects in the here and now. So what that means, in some sense, is that you have conceptions of reality built into your biological and metaphysical structure that are consequence of processes of evolution that occurred over unbelievably vast expanses of time and that structure your perception of reality in ways that it wouldn’t be structured if you only lived for the amount of time that you’re going to live…”*\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmR79MTmw6sTvTpJzww8GTqsNuPwWQg9NC4CuHqgJvRZhf/image.png)\n\nPeterson’s idea is that the religious narratives are biologically and socially selected for through evolution and transmitted down to our current time. The very first line of that quote is the idea of God as an archetype that has been selected for and transmitted down to the present. Perhaps what he is saying is that God is an archetypal representation of how we imagine human consciousness across time. Our conception of things such as morality are based off of millions of years of evolution and sociological developments that were selected for. Peterson in the same discussion continues his elaboration on God:\n\n*“So, God is that which eternally dies and is reborn in the pursuit of higher being and truth. God is the highest value in the hierarchy of values. God is what calls and what responds in the eternal call to adventure. God is the voice of conscience. God is the source of judgement, and mercy, and guilt. God is the future to which we make sacrifices and something akin to the transcendental repository of reputation.”*\n\nFurthermore, he gives a sociological explanation for the way in which humans organize themselves and how the archetype of religious belief was selected for over time.\n\n*“God is that which selects among men in the eternal hierarchy of men. So you know, men arrange themselves into hierarchies and then men rise in the hierarchy and there’s principles that are important that determine the probability of their rise… It’s also the same thing that makes Men attractive to Women. Women peel off the top of the male hierarchy… so, that’s something that operates across tremendous expanses of time and it plays a role in the selection for survival itself, which makes it a fundamental reality.”*\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRvWd6kcsaw9kb8jcBWfdm3Rn3VBrXsu1vC5ZKrkYZy9y/image.png)\n\nEssentially, Peterson puts forth an argument for the belief and existence of God (perhaps not literal), but a psychological and evolutionary supposition that the very fabric of reality has been composed of and selected for via the belief and conception of a God.\n\n**God**\nI do not articulate this idea as elaborately as Dr. Peterson, but utilizing the example of market personas and the explanation of God as an archetype, one may begin to see how God as an archetype is not farfetched at all. In fact- it seems quite plausible that from a complete secular point of view, the God archetype is a profound one and one that has not been sufficiently explored by those critics of religion.\n\nTo be clear, I have a personal metaphysical belief in the existence of God. One rooted in deeply spiritual experiences where I feel that God exists. What I attempted to give above is an archetypal exploration of why it is plausible and reasonable for humans to hold a belief in God. And just as I mentioned above, when discussing market personas, perhaps you may scoff at the idea that the persona “Anna” is literally true, but you cannot deny the absolute utility and truthfulness of acting in such a manner to fulfill the market persona that Anna is meant to describe. Likewise, the metaphysical belief of God may be scoffed at as one that is difficult to literally believe in, but the utility and truthfulness of pursuing a life that reflects the embodiment of Christ is one that absolutely manifests goodness and truth.\n\nTaking the previous example of market personas, think of the religious discipline of Christianity (You could take any one of the religious disciplines and these archetypal principles would still apply). The hundreds and thousands of years that Judaism utilized to tell their religious stories, develop their code of ethics, and create their doctrines all contributed to the further Christian abstraction of new testament doctrines and the further development of God.\n\n\nThe religious scholars and philosophers of those times were in essence the market researchers, developing the idea of a persona that embodied the entire idea of the human condition and the state of suffering that inevitably falls upon all. And the idea of Christ, seemingly rose to the pinnacle of this archetypal abstraction of perfection and God. Religious believers will have no trouble telling you that by catering to (abiding by) the precepts that please this archetypal God, as a result, you will see the best possible outcomes. Not to say that your life will be free of strife and trouble, nor is it to say that a life of perfection will ensue. But a life that strives to develop more charity, compassion, patience, discipline, restraint, and knowledge to arm you with facing the hardships of this world.\n\nAnd this religious archetype can be one that motivates the carnal instincts of the human mind to rise above and transcend selfish instincts, to attend church services in an effort to inspire and enlighten the mind, and cause one to look past the color of the skin and accept others as your brother and sister.\n\nAnd just like a market persona, these are all based on the possible faulty assumption that the “market research” was done correctly. And that’s *exactly* the point. Churches and all man made institutions are not perfect, nor will they ever be. The abstraction of this God archetype is based on the faulty assumptions of mankind’s mind-but this does not rebut or destroy a belief in God.\n\nJust as market research does not throw away the entire concept/idea of a persona due to imperfect results, the religious person should not throw away a belief in God. Market personas can and will have many flaws, but pursuing, refining, and further developing the current personas at hand will result in better returns and a thriving business. Likewise, the capacity to abide by and follow this religious persona will ultimately result in a more fulfilled, responsible, and moral life-all while refining and further developing the religious persona. And as we walk towards the City of God, a willingness to follow him will lighten the burden of the crosses we bear.\n\n![](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeta6G6wvbSJLjTKMc9xw7vHYgUsHQfeaAeR7UHHqpxDD/image.png)![]",
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      "body": "Thanks for your comment!",
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      "body": "A tough subject to analyse/write about.\n\nGood for you - and an interesting article.\n\nThanks",
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      "body": "It’s likely that you’ve never seen a more polarizing time for political discourse. As the cycle of struggle for political power drags on, its safe to say that the mud slinging, feelings of disdain for opposing views, hatred of certain politicians, and endless threads of Facebook arguments will seem to never end. For Republicans, you’ll likely find joy in “owning the libs” a few more times. For Democrats, you may find the moral high ground for calling out the closet racists and bigots on your Facebook feed. And for libertarians you may find a little bit of glee in randomly finding a Facebook article and commenting “Taxation is theft”.\n\nPolitical discourse can be intriguing, exciting, saddening-among many other things, but perhaps the biggest contributor to a polarizing political landscape is pulling the curtains of ideology across the eyes of reason and truth. The rhetoric of the ideologically possessed is predictable, unoriginal, and full of pretentiousness. All who have been lured by the glory of utopian ideologies are likely guilty of spouting off the rhetoric of the possessed (including me) and recognizing these symptoms are a humbling reminder that no form of ideology provides every answer.\n\n**Symptoms**\nSome of the many signs of ideological possession that I have seen in my own thinking are looking for evidence that would purportedly support my ideology. Instead of trying to sincerely understand another point of view, I would often find myself jumping to conclusions based on my a priori assumptions. For conservatives this may take on the form of calling a supporter of abortion a baby-killing monster. For progressives this may take on the form of painting a supporter of strict immigration as a deranged support of Nazism. Or perhaps any supporter of Donald Trump as a xenophobic bigot that oppresses women and minorities. And for libertarians this may take on the form of accusing military members as mass murderers. These sorts of moral-high ground arguments do little to further the conversation and further push provocateurs towards voicing their opinions towards their enemies. There are many good faith arguments on both sides of the aisle, but the immediate flinging of insults without hearing an honest sincere explanation of their view seems to constitutes one form of ideological possession.\n\nAnother symptom seems to be the bludgeoning application of a uni-dimensional ethic or principle. For example, the wage-gap studies between men and women have often been accused of being entirely uni-dimensional. Other factors such as working hours and occupation choice are disregarded. Taking this example further, progressive-types seem to only care about the aspect of oppression that is implicit in this observation, while conservatives and libertarians are arguing that a more holistic view should be taken. For some conservative groups, there is at times an overemphasis on tradition and/or biblical authority. The uni-dimensional application of moral principles encompassed within the bible frames the entire discussion for the legislation of morality. And for libertarians it is often a uni-dimensional emphasis on the application of the non-aggression principle. This can take on the form of immediately condemning any advocate of government programs. Whether these arguments are valid or not, the libertarian form of the uni-dimensional application of non-aggression switches the argument entirely and they are often accused of not addressing the issues at hand, bringing up unrealistic solutions, and/or not presenting any reliable fixes to the problem.\n\n**Solutions**\nIdeology can be a useful framework for conceptualizing the philosophy of various political philosophies, and aligning with one or another is not necessarily bad, but the incessant insistence that one ideology contains the universal remedy for all of the world’s problems is naive and foolish. One tool that seems increasingly useful to avoid ideological possession is practicing the steel-man technique. Even when someone produces an argument that seems completely absurd to you, try to reexplain it in the strongest way possible to understand why they may be possibly putting forth such an argument. Listen to the person’s argument like they may have something to teach you, and most importantly ask yourself if you’re favoring ideology over a pursuit of the truth. And just maybe we’ll lessen the shrieking of ideological demons and cast out those devils that want nothing more then to drag humanity down to hell.",
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      "body": "A couple of days ago, the Gillette commercial, We Believe: The Best Men Can Be | Gillette (Short Film) (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=koPmuEyP3a0) was brought to my attention and I was shocked at the number of dislikes the video had received.\n\n![Screen Shot 2019-01-16 at 10.41.56 PM.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRTteZfVx9488nmDBdh8yj86BQUxsWdvvQomkn9C7f2GC/Screen%20Shot%202019-01-16%20at%2010.41.56%20PM.png)\n\nYes I understand the general disdain that most Conservatives and Libertarians have against radical leftist and quasi-feminist movements, but to me, the commercial was simply asserting that men should be better. What’s wrong with that right?\nI felt there was something I wanted to articulate regarding the ad, but just couldn’t put my finger on it. Until I saw a Facebook post shared by a friend and it hit me.\n**(All the credit for this post goes to the below Facebook Post. You can read the whole post in the picture or keep reading for my commentary.)**\n\n![Screen Shot 2019-01-16 at 10.48.45 PM.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmS6x1wTR4q6YadcKtZmXEkaxtXXKrpUaM9JKAivJ5PGT2/Screen%20Shot%202019-01-16%20at%2010.48.45%20PM.png)\n\nAs the post asserts, ALL cultural and political context or framing aside, there is absolutely nothing wrong with what the ad is saying. It’s simply a moral and ethical encouragement that men should rise to a higher standard and not objectify, bully, harass etc. Who the hell would disagree with that? If you did, you’re probably an idiot with an argument not worth listening to.\nBut what stood out to me so much, is the crafty argumentation fallacy/trick that Gillette is employing.\n**Motte and Bailey Argumentation**\n\n![Screen Shot 2019-01-16 at 11.54.39 PM.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmduhLQLkzdqRDE7eywy4cR8Y3aqQew8LLbFkoMTR5KeoT/Screen%20Shot%202019-01-16%20at%2011.54.39%20PM.png)\n\nIn the picture above, the high part on the hill is the Motte, while the low part is the bailey. The lower part is the more difficult part to defend, but the motte stands as backup ground so the defending army can easily retreat. The bailey is not an ideal place for an army to stand their ground, and typically there is a quick retreat into the motte. From the motte they can toss their stones and arrows at the enemy, while maintaining the higher ground. Essentially, the bailey is a very difficult spot to defend, while the motte is easily defendable.\nThis sort of argumentation fallacy is used all the time. Three groups immediately come to mind:\n\n* Anti-Vaxxers\nWhen talking to Anti-Vaxxers, they will typically start off with some ridiculous statement that vaccines cause autism. As you push them more on the evidence, they start to back off and say something to the effect of “Well I should get to decide how to raise my children.” Well duh. That’s a very defensible position. Of course you should be able to decide something like that. (This is just for examples sake, I do think there are other argument methods which anti-vaxxers could employ that would be more effective)\n\n* Post Modern Constructionist\nWhen talking to constructionists, their basic ideas state that everything is essentially socially constructed. Asians and people in the western world have at times come up with very different ways of viewing ethics and morals. Therefore, everything is just an opinion. There are basically no objective facts. When you start to push a constructionist on that idea, they will begin to retreat and say something to the effect of, “All I’m saying is that different cultures come up with different interpretations of things!” But if you retreat, they’ll go right back to the “therefore there are no objective facts”. You see, retreating to the motte is much easier then trying to defend the bailey.\n\n* Holistic medicine advocates\nWhen talking to advocates of holistic medicine, you may hear something to the effect of “Alternative methods work much better than traditional methods, I even have friends that have cured their cancer with it.” Perhaps, you may start referring to the scientific literature, but then they will quickly retreat. “All I’m saying is that alternative methods are harmless, and placebo effects are very powerful. People should be able to use what makes them feel good.” Again, retreating to the motte, because it’s actually defensible.\nSo what does this have to do with the Gillette commercial? The jargon and set of ideas utilized in this ad are indicative of an ideology, that quite frankly, many people disdain. An ideology that advocates for ideas that further pit women against men, supports the idea of an imaginary patriarchy, and trashes on more traditional values.\n\nThink of it this way:\n*All women should be believed.*\n*Wait..what?*\n*Okay all I’m saying is that men should be better!*\n*What’s wrong with that?*\nDon’t blink too fast though.\nIf you do, they’ll be right back at the bailey.",
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      "body": "I just got off the plane from Hong Kong and my sister said to me, \"School starts in about a week, what do you want to major in?\" \n\n2 years prior, I had already expressed interest in doing something in the medical field, but honestly I hadn't really thought it through nor did I know why I would want to do something like that. After living in Hong Kong for a couple of years, I thought the techniques and philosophy of Chinese medicine were fascinating and had some interest to learn more about that. \n\n\"Hmmm, can you give me some of the options I can major in if I'm considering healthcare?\" I replied. \n\n\"There's exercise science, nutrition, neuroscience, genetics...\"\n\nThinking that neuroscience and genetics sounded cool, I promptly decided I would major in neuroscience (this was with little to no thought and barely any research into what that meant). \n\nThe first semester was nothing short of awful because I remembered basically nothing about chemistry or biology, but still managed to trudge through my classes. And being the stubborn person that I am, I never switched my major and recently graduated from BYU in Neuroscience. I have absolutely no plans to go into the medical field, so why did I never change my major?\n\nBasically, I never changed my major because for one I felt like the major isn't as important as the type of skills that you learn to develop. I had time out of school to learn and do things that helped bolster my chances of finding a job and a lot of graduate programs would still potentially take me as long as I took a standardized exam. But what I would essentially say is that regardless of your major make sure you're learning/developing one of the following skills:\n\n<ul>\n<li>Writing</li>\n<li>Coding</li>\n<li>Math</li>\n</ul> \n\nWith an effort to develop any of these skills, you'll likely find it much easier to be placed in internships and future jobs. Going into a little more depth, here's a brief snapshot of why I didn't change my major and what could be some possible fields you could go into:\n\nAbout a year into my studies, I started delving into political discussions and this really got me thinking about law. As I looked into the requirements to become a lawyer, I saw that it absolutely did not matter what major you had, as long as you had a decent LSAT score and GPA you could easily be accepted. So one thought was that a Neuroscience major would help me stand out and a second thought was I could possibly go into Patent Law. This seemed to be my plan for a couple of years, but then in my last 2 years of school I wasn't very sure. I wanted to really look at the options that I could possibly go into. I got a variety of internship experiences during this time by working in a research lab, cryptocurrency startup, think-tank, etc.\n\nOver the summer,  I started teaching myself basic programming skills and applied to a lot of internships. I knew that the software field was booming, and thought that perhaps getting experience at a software company could help me really decide what I wanted to do. I finally got an internship at a tech company doing technical documentation and analytics-it ended up being a great mix of experiences to help me learn more about the software field.\n\nAt this point I felt like I  had a good feel for a variety of different things that I was interested in, but I still wasn't certain with what I wanted to do. I thought about all the experiences I've had, what I enjoyed doing, what I was pretty good at doing, and what would present the best job opportunities. I ended up applying to 2 law schools: The University of Utah and the University of New Hampshire. I was going to apply to more, but I promptly got a reply from both schools that I was accepted. I still have around a 9 months before I actually go, and in the mean time I got hired full time to work as a technical communicator at the company I was doing my internship. \n\nSo that's a brief snapshot of why I didn't change my major, but now onto what you could possibly do with a pre-med major. \n\nPre-med classes teach you to do a lot of abstract thinking, interpret scientific research, critically think, pay great attention to small details, design research projects, and many other things. Some of the top things that come to mind are:\n\nMedical School (of course)\nP.A. School \nPhysical therapy\nChiropractic\nOccupational therapy\nClinical Psychologist (Need a PhD)\nComputational Biology (Math/Coding background)\nResearch (Masters/PhD)\nLab technician \n\nThose would be the most obvious ones that come to minds. In my case, jobs that needed good verbal and written communication, needed a slight background in software, and the ability to learn difficult concepts quickly were positions that I was looking for. This ranged from basic technical support, content writing, front-end integration and many other things. \n\nSo seriously, don't fret if you chose a pre-med major and have decided you don't want to go to med school but feel like it is too late to switch. \n\nDo your best to develop writing, coding, or math skills and you won't have to worry about what will happen if you don't end up going to medical school. \n\n![Screen Shot 2019-01-14 at 11.32.13 PM.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQpYJ4Kb2U1RHUsffQrF6eDRas8Yzw4kmV9V6qeQHL7w1/Screen%20Shot%202019-01-14%20at%2011.32.13%20PM.png)",
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      "body": "Kelly is a good friend of mine and I enjoy reading her thoughts and experiences. A recent article she wrote was titled “Confessions of a return missionary”. The article was a great honest account of her experience while she was an LDS missionary in England. The article can be found here: https://medium.com/@kelly.huh/co...\n\nHere is my friendly response to her “Confessions of a return missionary”. Upon reading Kelly’s article, many aspects of her confession stood out to me.\n\n1) Filling in long hours of your day with fluff lessons\n\n2) Targeting the most vulnerable, passive, and lazy people on the street so someone, anyone would talk to you!\n\n3) The dogmatic mindless approach to rules and accumulating statistics\n\n4) Micromanagement of investigators\n\n5) The creeping feeling in the back of your mind that you’re committing people to do things that you’re not even sure of\n\nThe article focuses on many aspects of missionary culture that are not the most positive. Although it is a candid account of the mundane, unsatisfactory, and imperfect life of foolish adolescents-this is obviously a personal subjective reflection of what occurred. I think it unfairly projects a message that missionary work is insincere and futile, even though I know this is not Kelly’s intent.\n\nOf course, there are many missionaries that are insincere. Some are there just because of societal pressures, but this is disregarding the deeper importance that the call and performance of a mission has. This piece magnifies the cultural annoyances and imperfections of a mission and skips over the significant responsibility for a young adolescent to face things that make them uncomfortable, learn to navigate within a structured time frame, remain accountable to statistics and goals, and most importantly the call to grow the hell up. All things that equip us to better face the world.\n\nNow to Kelly’s point, I can think of many people that have had a similar experience. Essentially what I’m saying is that the cultural aspects of missions are a manifestation of the follies of young adults and overzealous mission presidents, but I think the concept of missionary work must be taken from the perspective of the Hero’s Call to Adventure. If not taken from this perspective, then Kelly is right-your mission was futile, ineffective, and if you could go back- you shouldn’t go on a mission.![hero's journey.gif](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmQzsbwoFpzJry3azCQqfyC1J3KmxsiV7Z8shSuZmcRbc7/hero's%20journey.gif)\n\nIn archetypal and mythological studies, the Hero’s Journey is a common pattern that can be abstracted from these stories. The famous novels of our day (Harry Potter, Lord of the Rings, Star Wars, etc.) all contain the Hero’s journey. The cycle consists of crises, victories, heartaches, rebirth and ultimately a victorious transformation. Not only is it the path that all great hero’s must experience, but also the pattern that individuals must follow to find fulfillment and success in this life.\n\n![LOTR.jpeg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSiUeBUdKzf6iNE7DU5h4HxA9YSgEaqtkznhX4R52BLvy/LOTR.jpeg)\n\nAn LDS mission is not essential to find success in this life, but in the church, it acts as a call to action-the second stage of the Hero’s Journey. It is a call for adventure not only for youth wading in nihilism, but for those seeking to discover a deeper meaning in themselves.\n\nThe call to adventure is a critical stage in our life. Because prior to that, we are residing in the ordinary world (The first stage of the Hero’s Journey). We live completely dependent on our parents with little meaning or responsibility in our lives. Additionally, we live as a lesser version of ourselves and fail to achieve something more. But then comes the call to adventure. The call to embark on something greater than ourselves, to discover who we are, what we lack, and the opportunity to bear greater responsibility.\n\nThe call is initially exhilarating, but that quickly vanishes when we are thrust into the mission field- facing things that we fear most: past weaknesses that come back to haunt us, excruciatingly annoying companions, and the hollowness of our attempt to be sincere. But as we choose to voluntarily delve deeper into the Hero’s call to adventure, we chip away at the weaknesses that bind us down.\n\nIt’d be naïve of me to not recognize that many simply go through the motions and do not experience any real change. But that is beside the point-a mission is the church’s symbolic and literal call to adventure: a responsibility that we must choose to bear. And don’t think the adventure ends at the completion of your 2 years or 18 months-it is simply the beginning.\n\nSo yes, many have experienced guilt from their mission due to the stupid, naïve, and insincere things they did-but all of that is part of the calling. If we think that the mission was supposed to be a time in our life where we dragged souls from the depths of hell and performed services that pulled people out of poverty-then we may be living in a pipe dream.\n\nPerhaps some people’s missions really did help a lot of people, but more importantly the call of a mission is your call to action. Your call to realize the great potential you have. Your call to bear the responsibilities and sufferings of this life.\n\nAnd as a returned missionary the initial call to adventure continues in our lives. As we learn to put our own house in order before we try to rearrange and save the world- we make a much bigger impact as a responsible individual. One that is willing to bear the suffering that will inevitably come into our lives, handle it accordingly and tilt the world a little bit more towards the light. That to me is the essence of the missionary’s calling-a call to adventure to bear responsibility, accept the suffering that will come into your life, and to put your damn house in order.\n\n<i>You can follow me on Quora @ www.Lybertarian.quora.com and you can follow Kelly Huh on Medium @ Keligraphy</i>",
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      "body": "A close friend told me that he had so many doubts about the church he didn’t know where to start. This ranged from things such as prayers being answered, religious brain washing, unnecessary rules, etc. For others this may take the form of a sketchy church history, the irrationality of certain practices, a lack of compassion for those of different sexual orientations, clashes with political ideologies, unnecessarily harsh culture of passing judgement, etc.  When he tried to talk about some of his concerns with his roommate, the roommate hurriedly, with good intentions, tried to assure him that he needed to pray, read the scriptures, and go to church. While other roommates would give him a look of shock that he was voicing such concerns. Sometimes these responses may be initially satisfactory, but it does nothing to answer the specific concerns of many with faith crises or religious doubts.\n\nIn Provo 88% of people are members and 98% of BYU students are members. \n\nMostly homogeneous religious societies have many benefits, but it also has some downsides. \nThe main one that comes to mind is religious dogmatism. When a religious culture becomes to rigid, questioning or skepticism is viewed as very dangerous and against the status-quo. It is imperative in a heavily homogenous religious society that this sort of dogmatism is countered with healthy skepticism and questions. This cultivates a healthy rationale behind belief systems, so it doesn’t degrade into religious authoritarianism. \n\nToday I want to briefly outline the path of those who may choose to internalize their religious concerns and the process of refining one’s faith. And I want to emphasize the importance of facing your religious doubts and concerns when they come instead of brushing them off. \n\nThe path of a religious believer is often a roller coaster ride. The inevitable suffering of yourself and those around you cause you to question the framework of your belief. The very maps (that seemed at one point) to give you meaning are shaken at its core and the path to diverge seems all too tempting. We are all at one point or another plagued with religious concerns that receive no satisfactory answer. For many this leads to a disinterest in religion, but for others it leads to a refinement in belief and sophistication in articulating their beliefs. Paul Riceour, a French Philosopher held that religious person whose beliefs are challenged occur in different stages.\n\n1. The First Naivete (pre-critical)\n2. The critical stage\n3. The Second Naivete (post-critical)\n\nFrom anecdotal experience I can give a brief outline of these stages in my own life.\nThe First Naivete is typically the state of the religious believer who has limited sophistication in their religious thought. All text and teachings are taken at face value and any inconsistencies, irrationalities, and/or seemingly contradictions are pushed to the back of the mind. This is no criticism of those who are in the First Naivete, but an observation. I found myself in this stage before and all throughout my church missionary service. I found these religious beliefs shaken on many accounts when I was encountered with religious paradoxes, questions of the LDS church’s history, and doctrinal things that didn’t seem to add up. I recall on one particular account talking with a devout Catholic about the Godhead. He asked me why is it that our Church can believe in the God head as three separate personages when it is a commonly accepted doctrine in the classical Christian world that Christians only believe in one God. This thought had obviously occurred to me before, but I was never pushed on it. I felt an immense amount of discomfort for a couple of days, and would constantly pray and read the scriptures but I didn’t seem to receive and satisfactory answer. Common with most people in the First Naivete, I soothed these cognitive discomforts by assuring myself that if I had faith it doesn’t matter, and I should just continue to believe. The believer in the First Naivete often feels that questioning of authority or teachings is a sign of disobedience and/or pride.\n\nAfter completing my church missionary service, I knew I had learned some valuable habits and had gained some elements of faith in the religion I professed to be true. A common theme that is drilled into you as a church missionary is that if you read the scriptures and pray every day you’ll be fine. My mission president powerfully instructed us as missionaries that if we read one chapter of the Book of Mormon everyday we would never lose our faith. It is good council, but to some with many concerns it can sound like brain washing. As I cultivated my habit of reading and praying it eventually became mundane and dull. I felt no stimulation intellectually, emotionally, or spiritually. I would constantly think that I was doing something wrong. Why is it that when I’m reading these verses I can’t seem to remember what I read? It seemed to me that I was promised that reading and praying would bring me the joy and satisfaction I needed in life, but it wasn’t so. Following this, things in life will inevitably go wrong (i.e. breakups, family arguments, bad school grades, etc.) and it will cause you to wonder if it is because of your lack of devotion to scripture study, prayer and church/temple attendance. Becoming disenchanted with some religious beliefs can often lead to questioning the entire framework of one’s belief i.e. the critical stage. The very questions as a church missionary that we seemed to answer so confidently soon become some of our central concerns. What was I to do? Bring these concerns up to friends and feel ostracized? They would probably tell me out of genuine concern I just needed to read and pray harder. (Friends that I have who struggle with maintaining a religious belief have told me that it is difficult for them to voice their concerns in Provo because of the seemingly knee-jerk response of well-meaning friends to save them from the “depths of hell”). All of my previously held concerns began to resurface, and I sought answers to these questions. As I struggled between the tension of religious and secular thought I found answers from friends, philosophy, religious, and theological texts. I will not detail the many concerns that I had in this talk, but it is sufficient to say that I have found many philosophical and religious answers in the critical stage that have helped me to ease my concerns.\n\nAnd lastly, the Second Naivete is one that some people will enter, and some will choose not to. Many who are in the critical stage can find no satisfactory answer to their religious concerns and here they diverge. In many cases, leaving the religious path is something very difficult, but meaningful. But for those who continue to the Second Naivete, can now approach the scriptures and practices that they once found meaningful in a more sophisticated manner. At this point they are no longer plagued by certain concerns and doubt is minimalized. We can approach the scriptures in a more sophisticated manner and derive meaning from it that we could not find before.\npeople here feel stifled in questioning certain aspects of religion and the path to entering the second naivete is stifled. \n\nI can only speak from anecdotal experience, but for me healthy skepticism and refraining from attitudes of resentment and bitterness alleviated many of my religious concerns and helped me approach religion from a healthier perspective. I would like to posit here that the most powerful persuader for me to believe in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is the holy spirit, but this is not to say that we shouldn’t seek for further enlightenment through questions, concerns and doubts. The holy spirit is what has allowed me to want to stay in this church and seek for more answers. No amount of worldly philosophy or persuasive answers could be the catalyst for my faith and I recognize the hand of God in my life guiding me to find answers to elevate me to a healthier plane of belief. \n Thirst for answers, and maybe you’ll find some.",
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