Ecoer Logo
VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS88.92%
Net Worth
0.612USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.000SBD
Own SP
10.554SP

Detailed Balance

STEEM
balance
0.000STEEM
market_balance
0.000STEEM
savings_balance
0.000STEEM
reward_steem_balance
0.000STEEM
STEEM POWER
Own SP
10.554SP
Delegated Out
0.000SP
Delegation In
0.000SP
Effective Power
10.554SP
Reward SP (pending)
0.002SP
SBD
sbd_balance
0.000SBD
sbd_conversions
0.000SBD
sbd_market_balance
0.000SBD
savings_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
reward_sbd_balance
0.000SBD
{
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "17165.459862 VESTS",
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "conversions": []
}

Account Info

namepatarnataka
id109933
rank126,187
reputation1621469075645
created2016-11-08T20:12:45
recovery_accountsteem
proxyNone
post_count13
comment_count0
lifetime_vote_count0
witnesses_voted_for0
last_post2017-05-15T21:24:57
last_root_post2017-05-15T21:24:57
last_vote_time2017-06-11T16:48:54
proxied_vsf_votes0, 0, 0, 0
can_vote1
voting_power9,900
delayed_votes0
balance0.000 STEEM
savings_balance0.000 STEEM
sbd_balance0.000 SBD
savings_sbd_balance0.000 SBD
vesting_shares17165.459862 VESTS
delegated_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
received_vesting_shares0.000000 VESTS
reward_vesting_balance4.142142 VESTS
vesting_balance0.000 STEEM
vesting_withdraw_rate0.000000 VESTS
next_vesting_withdrawal1969-12-31T23:59:59
withdrawn325578011881
to_withdraw325578011881
withdraw_routes0
savings_withdraw_requests0
last_account_recovery1970-01-01T00:00:00
reset_accountnull
last_owner_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
last_account_update1970-01-01T00:00:00
minedNo
sbd_seconds0
sbd_last_interest_payment2017-05-18T13:13:57
savings_sbd_last_interest_payment1970-01-01T00:00:00
{
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6oh2RN2bCZFNAHiQZMEMXgXfVRiv2ksJWuQKY9d4qEDZFFBaQR",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "can_vote": true,
  "comment_count": 0,
  "created": "2016-11-08T20:12:45",
  "curation_rewards": 35,
  "delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "downvote_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 0,
    "last_update_time": 1478635965
  },
  "guest_bloggers": [],
  "id": 109933,
  "json_metadata": "",
  "last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_account_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "last_post": "2017-05-15T21:24:57",
  "last_root_post": "2017-05-15T21:24:57",
  "last_vote_time": "2017-06-11T16:48:54",
  "lifetime_vote_count": 0,
  "market_history": [],
  "memo_key": "STM53wi8Kj59JN8DHeGX7AbQdvQHTh4wv4r15HRV1L4WUihvGCeac",
  "mined": false,
  "name": "patarnataka",
  "next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
  "other_history": [],
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5q8fmzQbyWwCHb26iWL44q7V6FxxvwbHdsJemQFpVQSYiKskpq",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
  "post_bandwidth": 10000,
  "post_count": 13,
  "post_history": [],
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5cmnKQ1y3Qdz3b1MNDHMuHv3vtrcwZrdfcpVW2zxejsMzf8PrQ",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting_json_metadata": "",
  "posting_rewards": 172048,
  "proxied_vsf_votes": [
    0,
    0,
    0,
    0
  ],
  "proxy": "",
  "received_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "recovery_account": "steem",
  "reputation": "1621469075645",
  "reset_account": "null",
  "reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "reward_vesting_balance": "4.142142 VESTS",
  "reward_vesting_steem": "0.002 STEEM",
  "savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
  "savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
  "savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
  "sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
  "sbd_last_interest_payment": "2017-05-18T13:13:57",
  "sbd_seconds": "0",
  "sbd_seconds_last_update": "2017-06-05T07:58:15",
  "tags_usage": [],
  "to_withdraw": "325578011881",
  "transfer_history": [],
  "vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
  "vesting_shares": "17165.459862 VESTS",
  "vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
  "vote_history": [],
  "voting_manabar": {
    "current_mana": 9900,
    "last_update_time": 1497199734
  },
  "voting_power": 9900,
  "withdraw_routes": 0,
  "withdrawn": "325578011881",
  "witness_votes": [],
  "witnesses_voted_for": 0,
  "rank": 126187
}

Withdraw Routes

IncomingOutgoing
Empty
Empty
{
  "incoming": [],
  "outgoing": []
}
From Date
To Date
2019/11/08 21:11:18
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @patarnataka! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=patarnataka)_</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasWw4jQHwxng82DKxY6Q6tVg9mWcto4xcDURs8knFgCa/image.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed">SteemFest Meet The Stemians Contest - The mysterious rule revealed</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-steemians-contest"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasWw4jQHwxng82DKxY6Q6tVg9mWcto4xcDURs8knFgCa/image.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-steemians-contest">SteemFest⁴ - Meet the Steemians Contest</a></td></tr></table> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
parent authorpatarnataka
parent permlinkwhat-is-post-colonialism-part-i
permlinksteemitboard-notify-patarnataka-20191108t211118000z
title
Transaction InfoBlock #38005395/Trx e6c490e359a09f060c1e38f5c93d32f8fba035bc
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 38005395,
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @patarnataka! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka/birthday3.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 3 years!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](https://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=patarnataka)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasWw4jQHwxng82DKxY6Q6tVg9mWcto4xcDURs8knFgCa/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-stemians-contest-the-mysterious-rule-revealed\">SteemFest Meet The Stemians Contest - The mysterious rule revealed</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-steemians-contest\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmasWw4jQHwxng82DKxY6Q6tVg9mWcto4xcDURs8knFgCa/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest-meet-the-steemians-contest\">SteemFest⁴  - Meet the Steemians Contest</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
      "parent_author": "patarnataka",
      "parent_permlink": "what-is-post-colonialism-part-i",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-patarnataka-20191108t211118000z",
      "title": ""
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2019-11-08T21:11:18",
  "trx_id": "e6c490e359a09f060c1e38f5c93d32f8fba035bc",
  "trx_in_block": 19,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2018/11/08 22:01:39
authorsteemitboard
bodyCongratulations @patarnataka! You have received a personal award! [![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka/birthday2.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka) 2 Years on Steemit <sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest3-and-steemitboard-meet-the-steemians-contest"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeLukvNFRsa7RURqsFpiLGEZZD49MiU52JtWmjS5S2wtW/image.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest3-and-steemitboard-meet-the-steemians-contest">SteemFest3 and SteemitBoard - Meet the Steemians Contest</a></td></tr></table> > Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!
json metadata{"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]}
parent authorpatarnataka
parent permlinkwhat-is-post-colonialism-part-i
permlinksteemitboard-notify-patarnataka-20181108t220138000z
title
Transaction InfoBlock #27531273/Trx 5d47725278a6f6b391697c51166115e2d0fa01b1
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 27531273,
  "op": [
    "comment",
    {
      "author": "steemitboard",
      "body": "Congratulations @patarnataka! You have received a personal award!\n\n[![](https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka/birthday2.png)](http://steemitboard.com/@patarnataka)  2 Years on Steemit\n<sub>_Click on the badge to view your Board of Honor._</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest3-and-steemitboard-meet-the-steemians-contest\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeLukvNFRsa7RURqsFpiLGEZZD49MiU52JtWmjS5S2wtW/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemfest/@steemitboard/steemfest3-and-steemitboard-meet-the-steemians-contest\">SteemFest3 and SteemitBoard - Meet the Steemians Contest</a></td></tr></table>\n\n> Support [SteemitBoard's project](https://steemit.com/@steemitboard)! **[Vote for its witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1)** and **get one more award**!",
      "json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
      "parent_author": "patarnataka",
      "parent_permlink": "what-is-post-colonialism-part-i",
      "permlink": "steemitboard-notify-patarnataka-20181108t220138000z",
      "title": ""
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2018-11-08T22:01:39",
  "trx_id": "5d47725278a6f6b391697c51166115e2d0fa01b1",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
patarnatakasent 97.052 STEEM to @poloniex- "1992a7902af3b731"
2017/11/26 22:16:09
amount97.052 STEEM
frompatarnataka
memo1992a7902af3b731
topoloniex
Transaction InfoBlock #17571940/Trx c3d026b040981a9084026a66e292c903cd378fa0
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 17571940,
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "amount": "97.052 STEEM",
      "from": "patarnataka",
      "memo": "1992a7902af3b731",
      "to": "poloniex"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-11-26T22:16:09",
  "trx_id": "c3d026b040981a9084026a66e292c903cd378fa0",
  "trx_in_block": 1,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
blocktradespowered up 8.362 STEEM to @patarnataka
2017/11/26 22:01:21
amount8.362 STEEM
fromblocktrades
topatarnataka
Transaction InfoBlock #17571644/Trx a9411148ee41d48e1855e8dcfa305f5c8c2ed567
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 17571644,
  "op": [
    "transfer_to_vesting",
    {
      "amount": "8.362 STEEM",
      "from": "blocktrades",
      "to": "patarnataka"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-11-26T22:01:21",
  "trx_id": "a9411148ee41d48e1855e8dcfa305f5c8c2ed567",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/10/14 16:34:12
authorpatarnataka
permlinkexistentialism-in-french-and-german-literature
voterantiprince
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #16327659/Trx 0098f37ac951abe99664d9e53a2276e25cb383f3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 16327659,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "patarnataka",
      "permlink": "existentialism-in-french-and-german-literature",
      "voter": "antiprince",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-10-14T16:34:12",
  "trx_id": "0098f37ac951abe99664d9e53a2276e25cb383f3",
  "trx_in_block": 27,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
patarnatakareceived 0.000 STEEM from power down installment (0.000 SP)
2017/09/11 07:58:24
deposited0.000 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn0.000005 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #15367468/Virtual Operation #9
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 15367468,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "0.000 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "0.000005 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-11T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 9
}
patarnatakareceived 12.147 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/09/04 07:58:24
deposited12.147 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #15165929/Virtual Operation #27
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 15165929,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.147 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-09-04T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 27
}
2017/08/30 18:54:51
authorpatarnataka
permlinkwhat-is-post-colonialism-part-i
voterradhatter
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #15035163/Trx 295f956fdaeb7bf9418b4c2e64a4be4ca9e43f04
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 15035163,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "patarnataka",
      "permlink": "what-is-post-colonialism-part-i",
      "voter": "radhatter",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-08-30T18:54:51",
  "trx_id": "295f956fdaeb7bf9418b4c2e64a4be4ca9e43f04",
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
patarnatakareceived 12.143 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/08/28 07:58:24
deposited12.143 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #14964491/Virtual Operation #6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 14964491,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.143 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-08-28T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 6
}
patarnatakareceived 12.138 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/08/21 07:58:24
deposited12.138 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #14762962/Virtual Operation #2
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 14762962,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.138 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-08-21T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 2
}
patarnatakareceived 12.134 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/08/14 07:58:24
deposited12.134 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #14561516/Virtual Operation #5
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 14561516,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.134 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-08-14T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 5
}
patarnatakareceived 12.129 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/08/07 07:58:24
deposited12.129 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #14360781/Virtual Operation #22
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 14360781,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.129 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-08-07T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 22
}
patarnatakareceived 12.125 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/07/31 07:58:24
deposited12.125 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #14159548/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 14159548,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.125 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-31T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 4
}
patarnatakareceived 12.120 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/07/24 07:58:24
deposited12.120 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #13958028/Virtual Operation #12
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 13958028,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.120 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-24T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 12
}
patarnatakareceived 12.116 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/07/17 07:58:24
deposited12.116 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #13756605/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.116 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-17T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 4
}
patarnatakasent 60.510 STEEM to @poloniex- "1992a7902af3b731"
2017/07/10 20:37:09
amount60.510 STEEM
frompatarnataka
memo1992a7902af3b731
topoloniex
Transaction InfoBlock #13570363/Trx 41b1ede2028ed0bb6f05bbf624626d2d1b1f49f4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 13570363,
  "op": [
    "transfer",
    {
      "amount": "60.510 STEEM",
      "from": "patarnataka",
      "memo": "1992a7902af3b731",
      "to": "poloniex"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-10T20:37:09",
  "trx_id": "41b1ede2028ed0bb6f05bbf624626d2d1b1f49f4",
  "trx_in_block": 14,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
patarnatakareceived 12.111 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/07/10 07:58:24
deposited12.111 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #13555220/Virtual Operation #3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 13555220,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.111 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-10T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 3
}
patarnatakareceived 12.107 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/07/03 07:58:24
deposited12.107 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #13354259/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 13354259,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.107 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-07-03T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 4
}
patarnatakareceived 12.102 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/06/26 07:58:24
deposited12.102 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #13153050/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 13153050,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.102 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-26T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 4
}
patarnatakareceived 12.097 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/06/19 07:58:24
deposited12.097 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #12951775/Virtual Operation #4
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12951775,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.097 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-19T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 4
}
patarnatakareceived 12.093 STEEM from power down installment (15.398 SP)
2017/06/12 07:58:24
deposited12.093 STEEM
from accountpatarnataka
to accountpatarnataka
withdrawn25044.462452 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #12750335/Virtual Operation #3
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12750335,
  "op": [
    "fill_vesting_withdraw",
    {
      "deposited": "12.093 STEEM",
      "from_account": "patarnataka",
      "to_account": "patarnataka",
      "withdrawn": "25044.462452 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-12T07:58:24",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
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  "virtual_op": 3
}
2017/06/11 16:48:54
authorthoughtflow
permlinken-iyi-talk-show-programi-best-talk-show-program-graham-norton
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12732150/Trx 660af1938d5f2f91963258fcc21255fc47a0c469
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12732150,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "thoughtflow",
      "permlink": "en-iyi-talk-show-programi-best-talk-show-program-graham-norton",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-11T16:48:54",
  "trx_id": "660af1938d5f2f91963258fcc21255fc47a0c469",
  "trx_in_block": 11,
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}
2017/06/11 16:48:51
authorkozmetiksteem
permlinkmakyaj-yapmak-zararli-midir
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12732149/Trx 04b7339a6b4f3c9de6e44fb1af80cff1ba20b3a6
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12732149,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "kozmetiksteem",
      "permlink": "makyaj-yapmak-zararli-midir",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-11T16:48:51",
  "trx_id": "04b7339a6b4f3c9de6e44fb1af80cff1ba20b3a6",
  "trx_in_block": 20,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
patarnatakareceived 0.003 SP curation reward for @thoughtflow / franca-rame-ve-tecavuez
2017/06/10 21:42:39
comment authorthoughtflow
comment permlinkfranca-rame-ve-tecavuez
curatorpatarnataka
reward4.142142 VESTS
Transaction InfoBlock #12709225/Virtual Operation #14
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12709225,
  "op": [
    "curation_reward",
    {
      "comment_author": "thoughtflow",
      "comment_permlink": "franca-rame-ve-tecavuez",
      "curator": "patarnataka",
      "reward": "4.142142 VESTS"
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-10T21:42:39",
  "trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
  "trx_in_block": 4294967295,
  "virtual_op": 14
}
2017/06/09 10:01:45
authorkozmetiksteem
permlinkguenluek-makyajim-my-daily-makeup
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12666425/Trx c3b0cbd19615fb6b67d6be6e38004141bc023790
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12666425,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "kozmetiksteem",
      "permlink": "guenluek-makyajim-my-daily-makeup",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-09T10:01:45",
  "trx_id": "c3b0cbd19615fb6b67d6be6e38004141bc023790",
  "trx_in_block": 0,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/08 11:33:18
authorkozmetiksteem
permlinksevgili-mi-kariyer-mi-love-versus-career
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12639521/Trx 003b67c3e93a91656f6b65d0c5ea83120756864a
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12639521,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "kozmetiksteem",
      "permlink": "sevgili-mi-kariyer-mi-love-versus-career",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-08T11:33:18",
  "trx_id": "003b67c3e93a91656f6b65d0c5ea83120756864a",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/06 17:57:54
authorthoughtflow
permlinkannemin-civciv-ve-yavru-saksaganlari
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12589638/Trx 7237bfa9d164a23bdd8d3e58431ab36d4d8b9412
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "annemin-civciv-ve-yavru-saksaganlari",
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      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-06T17:57:54",
  "trx_id": "7237bfa9d164a23bdd8d3e58431ab36d4d8b9412",
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}
2017/06/06 17:57:54
authorthoughtflow
permlinkeksi-soezluekten-neden-ayrildim
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12589638/Trx 372a2f658f5e0cb7e0788eaf238b29a07e602e47
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
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    {
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      "permlink": "eksi-soezluekten-neden-ayrildim",
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      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-06T17:57:54",
  "trx_id": "372a2f658f5e0cb7e0788eaf238b29a07e602e47",
  "trx_in_block": 2,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/06 17:57:42
authorthoughtflow
permlinkbir-tiyatrocudan-tiyatro
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12589634/Trx e12e4a186135df9310c3d84291d3276bc5de486a
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12589634,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "bir-tiyatrocudan-tiyatro",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-06T17:57:42",
  "trx_id": "e12e4a186135df9310c3d84291d3276bc5de486a",
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}
2017/06/06 14:02:45
authorkozmetiksteem
permlinkmerhaba-steem-introducing-myself
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12584937/Trx 746a69a9e77a111f84627c5ec1d245de848413fb
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12584937,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "merhaba-steem-introducing-myself",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-06T14:02:45",
  "trx_id": "746a69a9e77a111f84627c5ec1d245de848413fb",
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/06 14:02:42
authorkozmetiksteem
permlinkdumanli-goez-makyaji-smoky-eye-makeup-tutorial
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12584936/Trx eb2584efcfbdb32316dbe0f478350b3bd91992c7
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12584936,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "dumanli-goez-makyaji-smoky-eye-makeup-tutorial",
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      "weight": 10000
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  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-06T14:02:42",
  "trx_id": "eb2584efcfbdb32316dbe0f478350b3bd91992c7",
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}
2017/06/05 16:46:33
authorthoughtflow
permlinkannemin-tavuklari-bueyuedue-ama-ama-yeterince-degil-chicks-grown-up-but-not-fully-yet
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12559430/Trx b782177b7dab51f6aaea28fac029c5238fb470e4
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "annemin-tavuklari-bueyuedue-ama-ama-yeterince-degil-chicks-grown-up-but-not-fully-yet",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T16:46:33",
  "trx_id": "b782177b7dab51f6aaea28fac029c5238fb470e4",
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  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:59:21
authorthoughtflow
permlinkcocuk-bueyuetmek
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548892/Trx 3b38146c45581a0e115eca163bc711b10dd37e17
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548892,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
      "author": "thoughtflow",
      "permlink": "cocuk-bueyuetmek",
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      "weight": 10000
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  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:21",
  "trx_id": "3b38146c45581a0e115eca163bc711b10dd37e17",
  "trx_in_block": 7,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:59:15
authorthoughtflow
permlinksevgili-16-yasindaki-halim
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548890/Trx e9975031f128cb7852ddfde12b433a9ab5c3539f
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548890,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "sevgili-16-yasindaki-halim",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:15",
  "trx_id": "e9975031f128cb7852ddfde12b433a9ab5c3539f",
  "trx_in_block": 3,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:59:12
authorthoughtflow
permlinken-olmamasi-gereken-kisiye-asik-olmak
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548889/Trx d58ca75a2e8348e74df094e349a03c1c1db9b69c
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548889,
  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "en-olmamasi-gereken-kisiye-asik-olmak",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
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  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:12",
  "trx_id": "d58ca75a2e8348e74df094e349a03c1c1db9b69c",
  "trx_in_block": 5,
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}
2017/06/05 07:59:09
authorthoughtflow
permlinkannemin-civciv-ve-yavru-saksaganlari
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548888/Trx cf9ccbfc4434309329ea153b6665301e005ef4b3
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "annemin-civciv-ve-yavru-saksaganlari",
      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:09",
  "trx_id": "cf9ccbfc4434309329ea153b6665301e005ef4b3",
  "trx_in_block": 8,
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}
2017/06/05 07:59:09
authorthoughtflow
permlinkeksi-soezluekten-neden-ayrildim
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548888/Trx 39ff83ac2636bdd396c1aedd7980c023aef6af88
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
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    {
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      "voter": "patarnataka",
      "weight": 10000
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:09",
  "trx_id": "39ff83ac2636bdd396c1aedd7980c023aef6af88",
  "trx_in_block": 4,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:59:06
authorthoughtflow
permlinkfranca-rame-ve-tecavuez
voterpatarnataka
weight10000 (100.00%)
Transaction InfoBlock #12548887/Trx 38c94dbc455f5a5b9831e9282ca75307d2160711
View Raw JSON Data
{
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  "op": [
    "vote",
    {
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      "permlink": "franca-rame-ve-tecavuez",
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      "weight": 10000
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  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:59:06",
  "trx_id": "38c94dbc455f5a5b9831e9282ca75307d2160711",
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}
2017/06/05 07:58:54
idfollow
json["follow",{"follower":"patarnataka","following":"omrusman","what":["blog"]}]
required auths[]
required posting auths["patarnataka"]
Transaction InfoBlock #12548883/Trx 620ad1239ddf1c6027b2c08d1e9570509514520e
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548883,
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
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      "json": "[\"follow\",{\"follower\":\"patarnataka\",\"following\":\"omrusman\",\"what\":[\"blog\"]}]",
      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "patarnataka"
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    }
  ],
  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:58:54",
  "trx_id": "620ad1239ddf1c6027b2c08d1e9570509514520e",
  "trx_in_block": 12,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:58:54
idfollow
json["follow",{"follower":"patarnataka","following":"nigelmarkdias","what":["blog"]}]
required auths[]
required posting auths["patarnataka"]
Transaction InfoBlock #12548883/Trx 49b44d56e2f6078e73168d65d0740d7523b203bf
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548883,
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
    {
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      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "patarnataka"
      ]
    }
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:58:54",
  "trx_id": "49b44d56e2f6078e73168d65d0740d7523b203bf",
  "trx_in_block": 10,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:58:54
idfollow
json["follow",{"follower":"patarnataka","following":"mammasitta","what":["blog"]}]
required auths[]
required posting auths["patarnataka"]
Transaction InfoBlock #12548883/Trx 16116baec2bb3af1114e881d78c48eb8664b1917
View Raw JSON Data
{
  "block": 12548883,
  "op": [
    "custom_json",
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      "required_auths": [],
      "required_posting_auths": [
        "patarnataka"
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  "op_in_trx": 0,
  "timestamp": "2017-06-05T07:58:54",
  "trx_id": "16116baec2bb3af1114e881d78c48eb8664b1917",
  "trx_in_block": 8,
  "virtual_op": 0
}
2017/06/05 07:58:54
idfollow
json["follow",{"follower":"patarnataka","following":"jianjolly","what":["blog"]}]
required auths[]
required posting auths["patarnataka"]
Transaction InfoBlock #12548883/Trx 44cd1e7e31e9df2e6a6f1cdc96cd3330ee6eef05
View Raw JSON Data
{
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2017/06/05 07:58:54
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2017/06/05 07:58:51
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2017/06/05 07:58:51
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patarnatakastarted power down of 200.173 SP
2017/06/05 07:58:24
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patarnatakaclaimed reward balance: 0.003 SP
2017/06/05 07:58:15
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2017/06/05 07:49:48
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2017/06/04 20:10:45
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patarnatakasent 14.281 STEEM to @poloniex- "1992a7902af3b731"
2017/06/03 21:09:39
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2017/06/03 20:27:00
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patarnatakareceived 14.281 STEEM from power down installment (18.197 SP)
2017/05/29 12:41:18
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patarnatakasent 14.276 STEEM to @bittrex- "ed5ef2a9424940efb1f"
2017/05/25 13:47:21
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patarnatakareceived 0.003 SP curation reward for @thoughtflow / bogazimda-dueguemduer-cocuklugum
2017/05/23 07:03:36
comment authorthoughtflow
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patarnatakareceived 14.276 STEEM from power down installment (18.197 SP)
2017/05/22 12:41:18
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patarnatakasent 5.714 SBD to @dimitrat- "thanks!"
2017/05/18 13:13:57
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2017/05/17 11:07:42
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2017/05/16 07:33:12
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2017/05/16 07:33:09
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2017/05/15 21:24:57
authorpatarnataka
permlinkwhat-is-post-colonialism-part-i
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2017/05/15 21:24:57
authorpatarnataka
body![16739678-abstract-word-cloud-for-postcolonialism-with-related-tags-and-terms-stock-photo.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUiAXwGe6KjQ7mBivwmQP2fSwkqchRAnuRLyG2xrMCCKM/16739678-abstract-word-cloud-for-postcolonialism-with-related-tags-and-terms-stock-photo.jpg) Hello everyone, I've been thinking that this is not a commonly mentioned subject on steem, so I decided to post my reviews on the books and articles about post-colonialism. I'm planning to cover a comprehensive scope of literature concerning this issue, so here we start with the first part. In the article “Discourse on Colonialism” by Aimé Césaire we see a critical evaluation of the European colonization, through a very harsh occupation of language. He first identifies two problems that the Western civilization could not manage to deal with: the problem of proletariat and the colonial problem. He says that Europe intentionally misinterpreted the problem and always avoided facing what it did in its history. He holds that when two different society with their different cultures and backgrounds meet. the result is a condition of richness but this is not the case at all in the case of colonialism. The result is the destruction of any kind of diversity and a mass slaughter. Césaire claims that because of the violent and dehumanized activities of Europe, the Western civilization might be held to have moved from its alleged humanism to savagery and it chooses to stay blind to its condition for its interests seek to do all those kinds of barbarisms. What’s worse is that it hides its dehumanized and brutal activities under the guise of a discourse of humanism in which everybody is considered as equal and has the right of accessing the basic human rights. However, very strikingly, Césaire asserts that the Western humanist is a Hitler and he quotes from Hitler in order to show up the similarity between the racist discourse of Hitler and the European “humanist” elites. Next to humanism, theological ideas are also harvested with the colonial activities so as to justify the appropriation of the native land and the enslavement of the native society. He also translates this situation by saying that “no one colonizes innocently” (p. 39) and reveals that Europe, or specifically the European bourgeoisie, trying to conceal its true interests through varies discourses which show colonization to be after the purpose of the development of humanity as a whole does nothing other than to flog a dead horse. He defines the non-European civilizations as anti-capitalist, democratic and fraternal societies. This point actually irritated me because being democratic left aside, even to be “anti-capitalist” is a Western-based ideology and showing those societies to be “anti-capitalist and democratic” is not to accept them as they are in their own authenticity and it is a desire to show that “non-West is actually more Western than the West” which shows that there is a hidden presupposition that the nature of West is actually the most honorable one but only that the West could not manage to be “West” enough. Then, he continues to mention historical events that took place in the course of colonialism which are catastrophic for the indigenous peoples. After that, he further explains on the racist side of colonialism by giving examples from discriminations against “Negros”, Asians and Africans. He says the European bourgeoisie is very determined to stay blind to the happenings and it is not a matter of knowledge but a matter of “filtering”. With the part that starts on page 54, his language gets harsher. He makes very adamant comments about Nietzsche, psychoanalysis and existentialism to which I could not really give any credit. For me, blaming the whole Existentialist, Psychoanalytic or Nietzschean tradition for some racist discourses which somehow retain themselves under the names of those traditions is not different than blaming the whole black race for a black man killed someone. After that, he talks about the fact that in some discourses the foundations of nations are taken biological which means the justification and naturalization of racist assumptions. He says that the bourgeois Europe “extirpated ‘the root of diversity’” (p. 76). He thus concludes that it is in no way possible to forgive Europe for what it has been doing and Europe is already and still resistant to face with its actual historical roots. In the text “The Intimate Enemy”, it is signaled that colonization process affected the colonized in a certain way and the aim is to reveal the continuities between personality and culture where the political and ethical issues are taken into consideration. What Césaire talks about through his term “thingification” is also mentioned here in another way by saying that “it is not an encounter between the self and the enemy. . . It is a battle between dehumanized self and the objectified enemy” (p. xvi). It is also held that the work is to be a study of the post-colonial consciousness. It is repeatedly maintained that the fundamental aim is no way to give a certain ground for cultural relativism to flourish but to show the possibility of an “alternative universality” (p. xix). In the text, it is asserted that both the Indians and the Westerns cannot be held in uniformity with themselves and they make schisms and diversities possible. The Indians, for instance, are not held as passive victims of colonial forces but as agents who are capable of making choices in any case. Therefore it is possible to sense a denunciation of the classical understanding of the active “master” and the passive “slave” understanding in the context of the relations in the colonization process and its after effects. In the text, it is asserted that the colonialism denotes a world view in which there is the idea of “the superiority of the human over nonhuman and the subhuman, the masculine over the feminine, the adult over the child, the historical over the ahistorical and the modern or progressive over the traditional or the savage” (p. x). It is a striking point because it enables the reader to see that colonialism is a very large-scale and deeply-rooted issue, working as the representative of a world view in which certain hierarchical thinking as the cause of the colonial activities is the core principle. It is called secular hierarchies in the text. In the text “Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction”, at first we see a differentiation between colonialism and imperialism. In order to understand this definition, the writer unfolds the historical background of colonialism and maintains that technological developments were contributors to the colonial expansion. As a result, it was seen that empires do not have to be geographically coherent. Also, the differences between the terms empire, imperialism and colonial are maintained. It is held that the practice of colonialism is not a homogenous activity and they differed according to the purpose of settlement, administration of economic exploitation and maritime enclaves. Next to this, two major forms of imperialism are stated as the Roman, Ottoman or Spanish one and the late nineteenth century European imperialism. In addition to various types of colonialism, there are also different epochs which make it troublesome to theorize. However, in general there could some statements be stated such as that the French colonialism was systematic and the British was not. After discussing this issue, postcolonial understanding is defined as an identification with the anti-colonial activist and the indigenous peoples who suffered from those colonialist and imperialist activities. With regard to the issue of “Colonization and Domination”, first it is stated that colonization does not directly signify domination as the primary aim was sometimes only to settle. However, it is known that the settlers did not try to integrate with the local people but rather tried to differentiate themselves from the others. Also parallel to the population issue, it is said that the colony was regarded “as an outlet for surplus population” and the native lands was considered as an ideal place for the “practice of the transportation of criminals” (p. 22). Thus, the local modes of production and the indigenous culture was forced to be replaced with the Western ones and it was done through an implication of the Eurocentric ideologies. After that, the text starts to discuss imperialism. It is stated that the term “imperialism” has a vast number of meanings and uses. Examples are given from the first modern European empire created by the Spanish, the British Empire, and the changes after the First and the Second World Wars. Through an historical narration, it is shown in the text that colonialism and imperialism and different things and their interests may even be in conflict in some situations. However, according to the text, it is also possible to talk about the fact that the colonial structure is systematized into an imperialist ideology. After that, the writer discusses the French, British and the U.S imperialisms in which again Eurocentric discourses are on the stage, such as civilizing the uncivilized, helping the unenlightened ones and more and more moral argumentation to give colonialism a legitimate ground. They claim that they are to bring egalitarianism to the “barbarous” societies and the diversities are to be respected in this context. However, they try to undermine whatever belongs to the native societies and this is called “the paradox of ethnocentric egalitarianism”. After discussing the specific historical situations and thus the differences between the imperialisms of Britain, France and the U.S, the writer starts to talk about “neocolonialism”. It is held that the old imperialist system was broken but it fed the ground for the new one. The break was due to the resistance of the colonized, support from the Soviet Union and the exhaustion caused by the wars. In this stage, the state is considered to be independent from the colonial forces but is in fact driven by the outside and invisible authority. Therefore, it may be interpreted as merely a different guise of colonialism. Then the text starts to mention the theories to explain the colonial structure, with which we are familiar as we read them repeatedly in other courses. At last, the text introduces the postcolonial critique as the intervention to oppressive circumstances. It is held that the stress is given to the circumstances that are experienced by the postcolonial subjects. Under the headline of state, it is held that there are lines and circumstances that remained from the previous colonial circumstances of the nations and they merely changed form. In this context, power is considered to change hand. Next, it is stated that there is an ironical situation in relation to the location in which the postcolonial theory is produced because the related thoughts are articulated in Europe and the U.S which means it is a kind of reconsideration of its own history. Also, the fact that postcolonialism ends with an “ism” is problematized because it causes in a sense of a homogenized group of ideas and thoughts which is not the case at all for postcolonial theories. However, of course there are some visibly common and very general patterns to all. It is also the case that it has a vast vocabulary which may sometimes seem incredibly hard to embrace. At last, it is maintained that the condition of the postcolonial critique should be evaluated with respect to the fact that resistance and criticism against the West come from inside and outside of the West, and postcolonialism should be seen neither as an insider or an outsider but a mediator of the two fields which tries to show that those two fields are not mutually exclusive to each other. We'll continue with the next part soon. I hope you enjoyed reading it and please don't hesitate to express your ideas in the comment section!
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permlinkwhat-is-post-colonialism-part-i
titleWhat is Post-colonialism? PART I
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      "body": "![16739678-abstract-word-cloud-for-postcolonialism-with-related-tags-and-terms-stock-photo.jpg](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUiAXwGe6KjQ7mBivwmQP2fSwkqchRAnuRLyG2xrMCCKM/16739678-abstract-word-cloud-for-postcolonialism-with-related-tags-and-terms-stock-photo.jpg)\n\n\nHello everyone,\n\nI've been thinking that this is not a commonly mentioned subject on steem, so I decided to post my reviews on the books and articles about post-colonialism. I'm planning to cover a comprehensive scope of literature concerning this issue, so here we start with the first part.\n\nIn the article “Discourse on Colonialism” by Aimé Césaire we see a critical evaluation of the European colonization, through a very harsh occupation of language. He first identifies two problems that the Western civilization could not manage to deal with: the problem of proletariat and the colonial problem. He says that Europe intentionally misinterpreted the problem and always avoided facing what it did in its history. He holds that when two different society with their different cultures and backgrounds meet. the result is a condition of richness but this is not the case at all in the case of colonialism. The result is the destruction of any kind of diversity and a mass slaughter. Césaire claims that because of the violent and dehumanized activities of Europe, the Western civilization might be held to have moved from its alleged humanism to savagery and it chooses to stay blind to its condition for its interests seek to do all those kinds of barbarisms. What’s worse is that it hides its dehumanized and brutal activities under the guise of a discourse of humanism in which everybody is considered as equal and has the right of accessing the basic human rights. However, very strikingly, Césaire asserts that the Western humanist is a Hitler and he quotes from Hitler in order to show up the similarity between the racist discourse of Hitler and the European “humanist” elites. Next to humanism, theological ideas are also harvested with the colonial activities so as to justify the appropriation of the native land and the enslavement of the native society. He also translates this situation by saying that “no one colonizes innocently” (p. 39) and reveals that Europe, or specifically the European bourgeoisie, trying to conceal its true interests through varies discourses which show colonization to be after the purpose of the development of humanity as a whole does nothing other than to flog a dead horse. He defines the non-European civilizations as anti-capitalist, democratic and fraternal societies. This point actually irritated me because being democratic left aside, even to be “anti-capitalist” is a Western-based ideology and showing those societies to be “anti-capitalist and democratic” is not to accept them as they are in their own authenticity and it is a desire to show that “non-West is actually more Western than the West” which shows that there is a hidden presupposition that the nature of West is actually the most honorable one but only that the West could not manage to be “West” enough. Then, he continues to mention historical events that took place in the course of colonialism which are catastrophic for the indigenous peoples. After that, he further explains on the racist side of colonialism by giving examples from discriminations against “Negros”, Asians and Africans. He says the European bourgeoisie is very determined to stay blind to the happenings and it is not a matter of knowledge but a matter of “filtering”. With the part that starts on page 54, his language gets harsher. He makes very adamant comments about Nietzsche, psychoanalysis and existentialism to which I could not really give any credit. For me, blaming the whole Existentialist, Psychoanalytic or Nietzschean tradition for some racist discourses which somehow retain themselves under the names of those traditions is not different than blaming the whole black race for a black man killed someone. After that, he talks about the fact that in some discourses the foundations of nations are taken biological which means the justification and naturalization of racist assumptions. He says that the bourgeois Europe “extirpated ‘the root of diversity’” (p. 76). He thus concludes that it is in no way possible to forgive Europe for what it has been doing and Europe is already and still resistant to face with its actual historical roots.\n\nIn the text “The Intimate Enemy”, it is signaled that colonization process affected the colonized in a certain way and the aim is to reveal the continuities between personality and culture where the political and ethical issues are taken into consideration. What Césaire talks about through his term “thingification” is also mentioned here in another way by saying that “it is not an encounter between the self and the enemy. . . It is a battle between dehumanized self and the objectified enemy” (p. xvi). It is also held that the work is to be a study of the post-colonial consciousness. It is repeatedly maintained that the fundamental aim is no way to give a certain ground for cultural relativism to flourish but to show the possibility of an “alternative universality” (p. xix). In the text, it is asserted that both the Indians and the Westerns cannot be held in uniformity with themselves and they make schisms and diversities possible. The Indians, for instance, are not held as passive victims of colonial forces but as agents who are capable of making choices in any case. Therefore it is possible to sense a denunciation of the classical understanding of the active “master” and the passive “slave” understanding in the context of the relations in the colonization process and its after effects. In the text, it is asserted that the colonialism denotes a world view in which there is the idea of “the superiority of the human over nonhuman and the subhuman, the masculine over the feminine, the adult over the child, the historical over the ahistorical and the modern or progressive over the traditional or the savage” (p. x). It is a striking point because it enables the reader to see that colonialism is a very large-scale and deeply-rooted issue,  working as the representative of a world view in which certain hierarchical thinking as the cause of the colonial activities is the core principle. It is called secular hierarchies in the text.\n\nIn the text “Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction”, at first we see a differentiation between colonialism and imperialism. In order to understand this definition, the writer unfolds the historical background of colonialism and maintains that technological developments were contributors to the colonial expansion. As a result, it was seen that empires do not have to be geographically coherent. Also, the differences between the terms empire, imperialism and colonial are maintained. It is held that the practice of colonialism is not a homogenous activity and they differed according to the purpose of settlement, administration of economic exploitation and maritime enclaves. Next to this, two major forms of imperialism are stated as the Roman, Ottoman or Spanish one and the late nineteenth century European imperialism. In addition to various types of colonialism, there are also different epochs which make it troublesome to theorize. However, in general there could some statements be stated such as that the French colonialism was systematic and the British was not. After discussing this issue, postcolonial understanding is defined as an identification with the anti-colonial activist and the indigenous peoples who suffered from those colonialist and imperialist activities. With regard to the issue of “Colonization and Domination”, first it is stated that colonization does not directly signify domination as the primary aim was sometimes only to settle. However, it is known that the settlers did not try to integrate with the local people but rather tried to differentiate themselves from the others. Also parallel to the population issue, it is said that the colony was regarded “as an outlet for surplus population” and the native lands was considered as an ideal place for the “practice of the transportation of criminals” (p. 22). Thus, the local modes of production and the indigenous culture was forced to be replaced with the Western ones and it was done through an implication of the Eurocentric ideologies. After that, the text starts to discuss imperialism. It is stated that the term “imperialism” has a vast number of meanings and uses. Examples are given from the first modern European empire created by the Spanish, the British Empire, and the changes after the First and the Second World Wars. Through an historical narration, it is shown in the text that colonialism and imperialism and different things and their interests may even be in conflict in some situations. However, according to the text, it is also possible to talk about the fact that the colonial structure is systematized into an imperialist ideology.\n\nAfter that, the writer discusses the French, British and the U.S imperialisms in which again Eurocentric discourses are on the stage, such as civilizing the uncivilized, helping the unenlightened ones and more and more moral argumentation to give colonialism a legitimate ground. They claim that they are to bring egalitarianism to the “barbarous” societies and the diversities are to be respected in this context. However, they try to undermine whatever belongs to the native societies and this is called “the paradox of ethnocentric egalitarianism”. After discussing the specific historical situations and thus the differences between the imperialisms of Britain, France and the U.S, the writer starts to talk about “neocolonialism”. It is held that the old imperialist system was broken but it fed the ground for the new one. The break was due to the resistance of the colonized, support from the Soviet Union and the exhaustion caused by the wars. In this stage, the state is considered to be independent from the colonial forces but is in fact driven by the outside and invisible authority. Therefore, it may be interpreted as merely a different guise of colonialism. Then the text starts to mention the theories to explain the colonial structure, with which we are familiar as we read them repeatedly in other courses. At last, the text introduces the postcolonial critique as the intervention to oppressive circumstances. It is held that the stress is given to the circumstances that are experienced by the postcolonial subjects. Under the headline of state, it is held that there are lines and circumstances that remained from the previous colonial circumstances of the nations and they merely changed form. In this context, power is considered to change hand.\n\nNext, it is stated that there is an ironical situation in relation to the location in which the postcolonial theory is produced because the related thoughts are articulated in Europe and the U.S which means it is a kind of reconsideration of its own history. Also, the fact that postcolonialism ends with an “ism” is problematized because it causes in a sense of a homogenized group of ideas and thoughts which is not the case at all for postcolonial theories. However, of course there are some visibly common and very general patterns to all. It is also the case that it has a vast vocabulary which may sometimes seem incredibly hard to embrace. At last, it is maintained that the condition of the postcolonial critique should be evaluated with respect to the fact that resistance and criticism against the West come from inside and outside of the West, and postcolonialism should be seen neither as an insider or an outsider but a mediator of the two fields which tries to show that those two fields are not mutually exclusive to each other.\n\nWe'll continue with the next part soon. I hope you enjoyed reading it and please don't hesitate to express your ideas in the comment section!",
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patarnatakastarted power down of 236.565 SP
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2017/02/10 07:06:24
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2017/02/05 15:06:57
authormammasitta
bodyvery interesting to read . Nice to meet you !
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2017/02/05 15:06:15
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2017/02/03 17:50:21
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2017/02/03 15:14:54
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2017/02/03 15:14:51
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2017/02/03 01:23:09
authorscreenname
body<p>This post has been ranked within the top 80 most undervalued posts in the second half of Feb 02. We estimate that this post is undervalued by $6.30 as compared to a scenario in which every voter had an equal say.</p> <p>See the full rankings and details in <a href="https://steemit.com/curation/@screenname/the-daily-tribune-most-undervalued-posts-of-feb-02---part-ii">The Daily Tribune: Feb 02 - Part II</a>. You can also read about some of our methodology, data analysis and technical details in <a href="https://steemit.com/curation/@screenname/introducing-the-daily-tribune-most-undervalued-posts-of-nov-04---part-i">our initial post</a>.</p> <p>If you are the author and would prefer not to receive these comments, simply reply "Stop" to this comment.</p>
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2017/02/03 00:47:51
authorsteemcleaners
bodyUsing irrelevant tags, especially popular tags, makes it hard to find good and relevant content. Please try to use only relevant tags when posting! #steemit Please only use the “steemit” tag for articles distinctly related to Steemit, the website, itself.
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Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5cmnKQ1y3Qdz3b1MNDHMuHv3vtrcwZrdfcpVW2zxejsMzf8PrQ1/1
Memo
STM53wi8Kj59JN8DHeGX7AbQdvQHTh4wv4r15HRV1L4WUihvGCeac
{
  "owner": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5q8fmzQbyWwCHb26iWL44q7V6FxxvwbHdsJemQFpVQSYiKskpq",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "active": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM6oh2RN2bCZFNAHiQZMEMXgXfVRiv2ksJWuQKY9d4qEDZFFBaQR",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "posting": {
    "account_auths": [],
    "key_auths": [
      [
        "STM5cmnKQ1y3Qdz3b1MNDHMuHv3vtrcwZrdfcpVW2zxejsMzf8PrQ",
        1
      ]
    ],
    "weight_threshold": 1
  },
  "memo": "STM53wi8Kj59JN8DHeGX7AbQdvQHTh4wv4r15HRV1L4WUihvGCeac"
}

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