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      "body": "# The story behind the Voltaire House, an emerging blockchain hub.\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmYqHF4Jr7VZd3oFPvhkDfuJvA7x8y8gEFccMDT8fnqnrX/image.png\n\nDon’t blink, or you’ll miss it. On a quiet, sunny street in Buenos Aires, Argentina, just two blocks long, sits one of the biggest emerging hubs fueling a $100+ billion crypto market: **The Voltaire House**.\n\nA growing number of blockchain projects have been imagined, developed, and launched from this 2,500 square foot house, including [Streamium](https://streamium.io/), [Zeppelin Solutions](https://zeppelin.solutions/), and [Decentraland](https://decentraland.org/).\n\nWhile surging markets have captivated investors, the stories behind some of the most innovative projects in crypto have remained untold — until now.\n\n## Building Something From Nothing\n\nIn 2011, while studying computer science at ITBA (Argentina’s MIT), Manuel Araoz enrolled in a cryptography class and a course on distributed systems. It wasn’t long before he discovered Satoshi Nakamoto’s original Bitcoin whitepaper.\n\n>“The paper seemed really interesting,” he told me. “But when I shared it with my professors, **they dismissed it as nonsense**. I thought this tech could change the world.”\n\nManuel quickly discovered early bitcoin communities and began exchanging ideas with others who saw vast potential for blockchain-enabled technologies. “These communities pushed me to discover new ideas that radically changed my worldview,” he said.\n\nAfter graduating, Manuel created the first-ever non-financial blockchain application, Proof of Existence. Soon after, he joined BitPay as one of their first employees. As Tech Lead, he was charged with building a development team in Buenos Aires. To serve as an operating base, Manuel leased a two-story, five-room building in the burgeoning Palermo Hollywood neighborhood.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmaWgZT8ZmPDaqyvnFF6Enmo7fVL5PKsTjnwLia2mHS75K/image.png)\n\n## Creating a Community\n\nUsing his network of software developers, designers, and engineers — many of whom he met while attending university — Manuel quickly populated the house with a dozen colleagues.\n\nFranco Zeoli, who would later join Voltaire, described the early days of the house as an innovative hotspot. “These kids were hard-wired to experiment and build businesses,” he said. “Surrounded by entrepreneurs, all you needed to do was invest your time. The ideas and projects would come naturally.”\n\nAfter leaving BitPay, Manuel and his comrades continued leasing the house themselves. “We had these offices and liked working there,” said Esteban Ordano, one of Voltaire’s earliest members. “We figured, let’s keep it and build our own projects.”\nThus, the Voltaire House was born.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWT7XNkFCtKTumDi58GaijPUhwf8q7UEo77RCRxqWM4y5/image.png)\n\nThe Voltaire House was built on collaboration and shared resources\n\nWith a reputation for radical thinking and disruptive ideas, a long waitlist quickly formed, with projects and entrepreneurs looking to set up shop at Voltaire.\n\nOne weekend, Voltaire member Ari Meilich organized a weekend hackathon with everyone from the house. The goal was simple: to build Doppel, an app to find your Doppelganger. They scraped millions of Facebook profile pictures to train a neural network that would find someone in the world that looked like you.\n\nThe app, which they built for fun alone, was finished in **less than 48 hours**.\n\n>“These guys take their projects seriously,” said Dana Bottazzo, an early investor in Decentraland — the latest Voltaire-backed venture. “I’m still not exactly sure when they sleep.”\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmQJFWqz28Jxj7Ch4kk8ToNUaypKsVXxuYDJe37unhcqdi/image.png\n\nAnother graduate of ITBA, Yemel Jardi, was one of the first members invited to Voltaire. The allure of joining other crypto-fanatics was too good to pass up:\n\n>“At the age of 13, I got into magic. I studied and performed for several years before diving into software engineering. I love the quote ‘Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.’ The guys at the Voltaire House proved that every day.”\n\nYemel helped fellow member Dario Sneidermanis start Muun, a Lightning Network wallet. They soon moved the operations into the Voltaire House. Dario quickly invited two more members: Patricio Palladino, a former coworker at Google, and Franco Zeoli, who had previously worked with Esteban Ordano.\n\n“They were looking for guys with compatible skills, but the culture fit was most important,” said Mariano Rodriguez, the designer on the Buenos Aires BitPay team. He would go on to work with several Voltaire projects and Bitcoin companies, a common habit among members.\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmatGUSE3V3nEyGjcmQqq7kCj371YMHqZX5r5YepJHf1UK/image.png\n\n## How a Project Evolves\n\nSharing resources and leveraging previous work are both core habits of Voltaire-backed ventures. The development of Streamium was a prime example.\n\nStreamium was one of the first major house-backed projects. Three members — Manuel, Demian, and Esteban — would eventually launch a company based on its origins.\n\nThe project was the first app to implement payment channels, an emerging technology to help scale blockchain payments. When its original model (monetized video streaming) wasn’t commercially viable, they scrambled to leverage their work in other fields.\n\n>“We were pitching the product, but we ended up finding investors looking to back us as a team” said Manuel following a fundraising trip to the U.S. “That gave us some time to find the right opportunity.”\n\nTheir projects went through countless iterations, incorporating the feedback and experience of numerous Voltaire members. At one point, they were developing a platform for paying international contractors with Bitcoin.\n\nFollowing the DAO hack, they finally found an answer: auditing smart contracts. The resulting product was Zeppelin Solutions, which has since helped raise over $250 million for organizations such as Brave, Golem, and Blockchain Capital.\n\nWhile membership and participation in individual projects oscillates, the persistent communal sharing of resources, connections, and expertise has been a cultural mainstay of the house — arguably its biggest strength.\n\n## Where Crypto Eats Lunch\n\nIf you want to truly understand the culture at Voltaire, you have to attend one of their lunches. Calling them intellectually stimulating would be an understatement.\n\nThe conversation is typically at the cross-section of philosophy and technology. Moral conundrums are a house favorite. How should autonomous cars act in a situation that would save the driver but kill a pedestrian? Who is liable if a bot malfunctions and causes harm? What kind of neuro-security should we develop to protect users of brain-to-brain interfaces?\n\nUnsurprisingly, the guest list is often impressive: Andreas Antonopoulos, Zooko Wilcox (Zcash), Sergio Lerner (RSK Labs), Ryan X. Charles (Yours.org), and Andrew Lee (Purse). Employees of BitPay, Kraken, and other crypto projects are also known to drop in.\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmbcBcY27fEbP8JDpjGd4YHwyWGE1aqXhmqDyAywPx2uz2/image.png\n\n## VR + Crypto\n\nIn 2015, members of the Voltaire House pitched in to buy a new HTC Vive VR Headset. They were stunned.\n\n“When I first encountered immersive VR experiences, it felt like the first time I learned about blockchains,” Esteban Ordano said. “**I think we are just touching the tip of the iceberg in what’s possible**.”\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmNUPGSF8w885STjfkdSyzB9vhRUSuXoXi5Xuy1jm9Zsw9/image.png\n\nThey began modeling what the future would look like after dozens of industries and everyday activities are adapted to virtual spaces. As with other closed systems, they predicted that a single corporation (or several) would control the future of virtual reality worlds.\n\nTo fight back, they created Decentraland, an open virtual platform powered by the Ethereum blockchain.\n\nBlockchains and VR were a natural pair to Voltaire. “The idea behind Decentraland is to build an environment where the network itself can benefit,” said Ari, the Project Lead.\n\nVR isn’t alone. Voltaire has also incorporated creative minds in other fields, such as **machine learning**.\n\nPablo Zivic, Ari’s co-founder at his big-data company Benchrise, is an AI specialist whose PhD thesis applies machine learning algorithms to the psychology of music. Javier Silveira and Bruno Cuervo have also made AI a core part of their product offering at Opinautos.com, another project based at Voltaire that is currently generating 2.5 million monthly users.\n\n## The Voltaire House 2.0\n\nThe Voltaire community remained selective when adding new members, but years of growth pushed them close to capacity. In 2016, Dana Bottazzo, an early investor in several Voltaire projects, funded the opening of a second house — roughly three times the size — to accommodate new invitees.\n\nIt’s just getting started, but nearly a dozen people already work there everyday on multiple projects, including Zeppelin Solutions, Ryfter, and Decentraland.\n\nhttps://steemitimages.com/DQmUsf3Ado2hUoxEC1i64xAvcAZProUTG6HsJy5UF3BGgUS/image.png\n\n## Imagining the Future\n\nCountless major technologies that everyone takes for granted today were created during the internet boom of the late 1990s. Early innovations included video streaming, cloud computing, social networking, and mobile browsers. The gyrations of equity markets did little to stop the inexorable impact of the internet.\n\nCryptocurrency markets will also fluctuate, but the innovation surrounding blockchains — the underlying technology — will continue. The seeds of future disruption are being sown daily in communities like the Voltaire House.\n\nAnd they aren’t alone. Major crypto communities are popping up in places like New York, Seoul, San Francisco, Berlin, Lisbon, Zug, and Singapore. The future of the blockchain is already underway. Don’t blink.",
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      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://www.ilikecharts.com/the-future-of-work/",
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      "body": "To work is to be an American. But what if there is less and less work available? What if no one needed to work at all? The future seems to hold an inevitable identity crisis for millions of Americans, and billions worldwide.\n\nIn 1930, economist John Maynard Keynes penned an essay titled “[Economic Possibilities For Our Grandchildren.](http://www.econ.yale.edu/smith/econ116a/keynes1.pdf)” By the time his grandchildren had grown up, he predicted that the average person might only work “three-hour shifts or a fifteen-hour week.”\n\nAlas, his estimates were far off: While average annual hours worked has come down, it’s still roughly double Keynes’ 780-hour annual prediction. [NPR](http://www.npr.org/2015/08/13/432122637/keynes-predicted-we-would-be-working-15-hour-weeks-why-was-he-so-wrong)interviewed Keynes’ actual grandchild, Nicholas Humphrey, and discovered that he worked 15 hours a day, not per week.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmQJuzQTKT5GreNeWpG5Mnf8sg3cr2Hb4kiG5oDr16RpAd/image.png)\n\nSo what went wrong? [The Guardian](https://www.theguardian.com/business/2008/sep/01/economics) makes a pretty good case that work today isn’t necessarily about production, but rather personal and social achievement:\n\n>One possible explanation is that many of us actually enjoy work, despite what we say to pollsters and to each other. To be sure, work can be boring, repetitive or exhausting, but it is also an arena where people get pleasure out of their achievements and enjoy mixing with other people.\n\nKeynes failed to spot the importance of context. We consume more because technical progress has vastly improved the quality of goods on offer, and as we get richer we want the luxury car with the satnav or the meal cooked by Gordon Ramsay.\nAnd that explanation makes sense. When you base work on status rather than production, you can constantly shift the goalposts. Producing 50 widgets is a static, attainable production goal. Having a better car than your neighbors is fluid and transient.\n\nBut maybe Keynes wasn’t wrong after all. Maybe his timing was just off. For lack of a better phrase, this time it’s different.\n\nAccording to an analysis by [PwC](http://www.pwc.co.uk/services/economics-policy/insights/uk-economic-outlook.html), employment in developed countries is set for a permanent and inexorable shift. It estimates that around 38 percent of US jobs may be automated by the early 2030s, followed by Germany (35 percent), the UK (30 percent), and Japan (21 percent).  Major global industries will see huge portions of their human workforce eliminated, including the transportation and storage industry (56 percent), manufacturing (46 percent) and wholesale and retail (44 percent).\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmdr2LxgeVdMcayftjDRTuaHZJiNL7NdqGUbMQh3W5MZh2/image.png)\n\nMcKinsey Global Institute also analyzed the work activities for more than 800 occupations from across the economy “to assess the percentage of time spent on activities with the technical potential for automation by adapting currently demonstrated technology.” You can use their [tools](https://public.tableau.com/profile/mckinsey.analytics#!/vizhome/AutomationBySector/WhereMachinesCanReplaceHumans) to explore the potential for automation in your industry.\n\nIf you’re in a rush, simply figure out which quadrant you’re in below. (The top-left is most at risk.)\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQma6dswMggz5SJZm6WqAY14UT7zRPAg3Fp9Q3USjuYu5t2/image.png)\n\nIf economists and policy wonks aim for [full employment](http://www.economist.com/blogs/economist-explains/2017/01/economist-explains-19), what do we do when there are no human jobs available? How will humans—especially Americans—find value in their lives without work? What would you do if you didn’t have to work to receive an income? How will you organize your time if you don’t have a major daily commitment and don’t necessarily need to be in any particular location?\n\nThese aren’t fantastical questions anymore: in a world with limited jobs, they’re practical questions.\n\nAs always, Keynes predicted the issue over 80 years ago. “If the economic problem is solved, mankind will be deprived of its traditional purpose,” he wrote in 1930. According to Nobel Prize-winning economist [Joseph Stiglitz](http://www.smh.com.au/business/keynes-predictions-on-the-money-as-excess-breeds-excess-20130512-2jg5t.html), Keynes saw two options for the future. “One was that we could consume ever more goods,” Stiglitz said. “Or, we could enjoy more leisure.”\n\nIf humankind chose the leisure path, Keynes saw a radical transition from historical methods of living and assessing value:\n\n>We shall do more things for ourselves than is usual with the rich to-day, only too glad to have small duties and tasks and routines.\n\n>There are changes in other spheres too which we must expect to come. When the accumulation of wealth is no longer of high social importance, there will be great changes in the code of morals. We shall be able to rid ourselves of many of the pseudo-moral principles which have hag-ridden us for two hundred years, by which we have exalted some of the most distasteful of human qualities into the position of the highest virtues. We shall be able to afford to dare to assess the money-motive at its true value. The love of money as a possession -as distinguished from the love of money as a means to the enjoyments and realities of life -will be recognized for what it is, a somewhat disgusting morbidity, one of those semi-criminal, semi-pathological propensities which one hands over with a shudder to the specialists in mental disease.\n\n>All kinds of social customs and economic practices, affecting the distribution of wealth and of economic rewards and penalties, which we now maintain at all costs, however distasteful and unjust they may be in themselves, because they are tremendously useful in promoting the accumulation of capital, we shall then be free, at last, to discard.\n\nThe advent of automation and artificial intelligence makes this a pressing issue. Instead of choosing different [life boxes](http://www.ilikecharts.com/living-life-in-a-box/), people will be forced into them—whether they expect to or not.\n\nAccording to [Pew Research Center](http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/03/10/public-predictions-for-the-future-of-workforce-automation/), 65 percent of Americans expect that robots and computers will do much of the work currently done by humans within 50 years. But when asked what that meant for them, 80 percent of workers somehow expected that their own jobs will still exist.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmagfU8YgRK7QfSSpuaNXWm2Y9dN6Wxc8BMdFQfjC9sTxm/image.png)\n\nIf you don’t get on the train to the future, don’t expect a seamless ride. “Of course there will still be many people with intense, unsatisfied purposiveness who will blindly pursue wealth,” wrote Keynes. “But the rest of us will no longer be under any obligation to applaud and encourage them.”\n\nAs for the policy necessary to support this inevitable future—[universal basic income](https://steemit.com/automation/@rvonzo/work-isn-t-working-the-inevitability-of-universal-basic-income). If you’re skeptical, check out [Why Your Opinions of Universal Basic Income Don’t Matter](https://steemit.com/automation/@rvonzo/why-your-opinions-of-universal-basic-income-don-t-matter).",
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      "author": "cheetah",
      "body": "Hi! I am a robot. I just upvoted you! I found similar content that readers might be interested in:\nhttp://www.ilikecharts.com/universal-basic-income-inevitable-future/",
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      "body": "The world’s needs are being met with fewer and fewer workers. In the coming decades, the rapid rise of automation will permanently remove a growing number of people from the workforce necessary to support the global economy.\n\nIn short, most people will no longer need to work for us to maintain or grow our standards of living and quality of life.\n\nWithout work, an inevitable identity crisis will develop for millions of Americans, and billions worldwide. We covered those concerns in The Future of Work (and Your Identity). But what about the economic and social ramifications? What policies will become necessary to support this inevitable future?\n\nThe most serious proposal is also the most realistic: universal basic income.\n\nIt may not seem wise to immediately disregard the views of readers, but before discussing universal basic income itself, it’s important to know why your opinions (or mine) will have little impact on what policy measures are necessary to keep society running.\n\nThe basic premise of universal basic income—guaranteed, unconditional income for every citizen—is anathema to many. How do we motivate work and production if everyone’s needs are met? The short answer is: we won’t have to.\n\nAccording to Citigroup, an investment bank, over half of global jobs will be eliminated due to automation based on current technologies alone. And these won’t be layoffs due to financial constraint; after these workers are eliminated from the workforce, the global economy will continue to produce as it did before.\n\nMany countries will see nearly its entire human workforce rendered superfluous. China, which has over one-fifth of the world’s population, will see a 77 percent reduction in jobs. In the U.S., the University of Oxford estimates that future job eliminations due to automation range from 38 percent in Boston to 54 percent in Fresno.\n\nAgain, these estimates are based on current technologies. As robotic hardware and automation software improve over time, total job eliminations will likely be much higher.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmStMcRvqjgfTGNw64WtZCxmFi4KUhDmv9H73vbAmUZezW/image.png)\n\nIt’s also important to note that this change will be experienced with exponential speed. In 2013, it took the average Chinese business five years to recoup the cost of an industrial robot (mostly through wage savings by reducing employee headcount). Today, it takes less than three years for an industrial robot to pay for itself.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWEP12K7eiH9HDyg3KNQ7WRvf9ZHaYSpqjWYZ9d29Qrgy/image.png)\n\nAs the industry continues to scale, costs will fall further. Through 2019, the International Federation of Robotics predicts the number of industrial robots to experience “continued growth averaging at least 13 percent per year.”\n\nFalling costs incentivize businesses to install robot systems. And as more robot systems are installed, prices fall even further due to economies of scale, creating a self-reinforcing system. This momentum will persist for decades to come, as long as there are human wages to cut or eliminate.\n\nWe’re already seeing automation permanently dislocate millions of people. Between 2000 and 2010, the U.S. lost roughly 5.6 million manufacturing jobs—a 30 percent decline. Manufacturing output, meanwhile, rose nearly 20 percent. This inverse relationship has existed for decades.\n\nThe Center for Business and Economic Research estimates that 85 percent of U.S. manufacturing job losses are attributable to technological change (automation). Businesses simply don’t need to hire anymore to grow.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUJcaRGgDvXjQeYZbCJT2ZWDpH6JHRZAE9NPmqpaojQDJ/image.png)\n\nAnd these shifts aren’t just relegated to blue-collar jobs in the manufacturing sector. It’s easy to see how an assembly-line worker will be replaced by a robot. But what about a doctor? How will a robot completely replace your family physician? To put thousands of doctors out of the job, it won’t have to.\n\nThe biggest factor driving automation isn’t the complete replacement of jobs, but the elimination of certain processes. If you can automate 20 percent of a doctor’s tasks, you can effectively eliminate 20 percent of doctors without reducing the quality of care.\n\nMcKinsey & Company explains how automation will impact even the highest-paying jobs:\n\n>Our work to date suggests that a significant percentage of the activities performed by even those in the highest-paid occupations (for example, financial planners, physicians, and senior executives) can be automated by adapting current technology. For example, we estimate that activities consuming more than 20 percent of a CEO’s working time could be automated using current technologies. These include analyzing reports and data to inform operational decisions, preparing staff assignments, and reviewing status reports.\nWhile jobs involving routine tasks will see the biggest declines—97 percent of fast food jobs are at risk—nearly everyone will see automation radicalize their industry of work.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmTa8L9kmNn5njnfc7gykW3p9Pa8pywYQXUpBLqsGLo8o6/image.png)\n\nKeep in mind that the numbers discussed here are huge. If the estimates of academics, investment banks, and global consulting firms are even close to correct, hundreds of millions (potentially billions) of humans will no longer need to work for the global economy to maintain production. With robots doing a significant amount of the work, we will all still enjoy the same material goods and services that we do today.\n\nBut who will be consuming these goods and services? And with what funds? In most Western economies, earnings have been tied to work. Without work, it would be tough for the average person to accrue enough wealth to participate in the formalized economy in any meaningful way.\n\nThat’s the primary issue of this paradigm shift: what will we do with the majority of people who will have no way to earn money or support themselves?\n\nIf you don’t think this will be a problem for you—perhaps you’re confident in your ability or willingness to continue working—think again.\n\nAccording to Pew Research Center, 65 percent of Americans agree that robots and computers will do much of the work currently done by humans within 50 years. So, most Americans agree that robots are coming. But should they worry about themselves? Incredibly, when asked what that meant for them, 80 percent of workers somehow expected that their own jobs will still exist in their current form in 50 years.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmagfU8YgRK7QfSSpuaNXWm2Y9dN6Wxc8BMdFQfjC9sTxm/image.png)\n\nIt’s time we admit to ourselves that the future global economy won’t need most workers to operate. More importantly, it likely won’t need you or me.\n\nSo what do we do about this? Our best option, in one form or another, is Universal Basic Income.",
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      "body": "I have seen this comming for a while. Seeing more and more about universal basic income in the news too.",
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      "body": "Within a century, most human beings worldwide will no longer need to work. And the economy will be totally fine without them, at least in terms of production.\n\nThe purpose of nearly every job is to “produce” something. This production can be categorized in two ways: as a good or as a service. A farmer produces goods such as apples, wheat, or corn. Hairdressers produce services, such as the act of cutting your hair.\n\nIn Why Your Opinions of Universal Basic Income Don’t Matter, we discussed how a vast majority of jobs—whether they produce goods or services—will be impacted by automation. According to Citigroup, an investment bank, over half of all global jobs will be eliminated due to automation based on current technologies alone.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmRXHzKXZZL46XMB9cof65nwsBEUofc14wWeQsh9gw6Zot/image.png)\n\nIf the purpose of a job is to “produce” something, what happens when human beings are no longer needed for production? Millions (eventually billions) of human beings will be permanently removed from the workforce. Because “work” is the primary source of income for most individuals, this dislocation results in a massive economic imbalance: we’ll still be producing the same goods and services as before, except now, most humans won’t have the income to consume them.\n\nSo we have a problem:\n\n1. Automation will continue the production of goods and services without the use of human labor.\n2. Without access to labor, few humans will have the necessary income to consume these goods and services.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmWpu98889S1GRfERytKabzRv8QfS8beuVui6z7KN4Qkbk/image.png)\n\nWhatever your preferred political bent, this is a recipe for disaster. Even the most ardent capitalists understand the need for demand to support the economic system.\n\nIf work opportunities are no longer available, how do we make sure that most human beings have the income necessary to participate in the economy? Conversely, how can we ensure that the suppliers of goods and services still have capable customers to sell to?\n\nThe question now isn’t whether we agree with an automated future, but how to design policies to avoid economic collapse.\n\nBefore we talk about policy prescriptions, let’s review the issue we’re trying to navigate.\n\nFor most Americans today, work equals income. No work equals no income. If there are decreasing amounts of work available due to automation, we must find another method of distributing income.\n\nWithout another method to distribute income, there won’t be any demand for goods and services, meaning there won’t be much of an economy at all. So like it or not, we will no longer be able to link work with the amount of income someone receives.\n\nMany who believe in the religiosity of work—that work is fundamental to life—have trouble envisioning a world without work, even if that world is already becoming a reality. If robots are replacing human labor, why can’t we make up other tasks for humans to complete? Even if those tasks accomplish little, at least we can preserve the link between work and pay, ensuring that recipients “deserve” their income.\n\nWriting in The Long + Short, Emran Mian argues that we should “redistribute work, not wealth.” He explains further:\n\n>I don’t say that because I have some cruel fixation on making people work for a living; instead it’s because making one group of people dependent on the kindness of others denies them freedom. The way to improve the position of those needing a basic income is to redistribute work, even if that might reduce economic efficiency, rather than hand out money.\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmUq2RqsQ7gVAoGHS7RtKSMRgQtnfkGZR9WXEL4rxMf173/image.png)\n\nThis is an honorable goal: to make sure that human beings can retain their “freedom” in a post-work society. But there are a few problems with this argument.\n\nFirst, the redistribution of work would still require a vast governmental agency to determine the frequency, timing, and magnitude of each individual’s workload. Thus, maintaining the relationship between work and income likely requires a nanny state the likes America has never seen before. Providing people with superfluous tasks or assigning them a work quota doesn’t seem to be a harbinger of freedom.\n\nSecond, it conflates work with meaning. Plenty of pilot studies show that receiving a basic level of income provides sizable benefits to society. Referencing a pilot study in India, The Guardian noted that “having a basic income led to more work and labor, raised productivity and output, and reduced inequality. In particular, there was a growth in secondary, self- employed work.” Having basic access to an economy’s goods and services doesn’t reduce well-being—it increases it.\n\nThird, and perhaps most importantly, is an issue concerning “making one group of people dependent on the kindness of others.” This argument makes some sense when unemployment rates are low. But how does it compare when over half of all global citizens are permanently out of work (as McKinsey & Company predicts)? If more than three billion people are without access to work—and thus can never again generate income—is universal basic income still a perk for moochers? What about when 90 percent of the world is without work? What about when you permanently lose access to work and income?\n\n![](https://steemitimages.com/DQmbjjn5PKeEVVGycSHVkTLXsKxMoJtGcYcoFf1qMZD8fXo/image.png)\n\nThe argument over universal basic income should not hinge upon whether we enjoy the concept itself, but whether it is the best possible policy prescription to combat mass unemployment. Preserving the link between work and pay may seem honorable, but it will only result in a massive nanny state doling out meaningless work or the starvation of billions of people as they lose all forms of income.\n\nThere may yet be better options out there for society, and if you’re privy to one, please let us know in the comments below. But for now, universal income is the strongest proposal to ensure that the global economy is protected and human beings as a whole (including you and me) maintain their standards of living. That’s probably why Elon Musk sees it as our only path forward:\n\n>“There is a pretty good chance we end up with a universal basic income, or something like that, due to automation,” Musk told CNBC. “Yeah, I am not sure what else one would do. I think that is what would happen.”",
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