VOTING POWER100.00%
DOWNVOTE POWER100.00%
RESOURCE CREDITS100.00%
REPUTATION PROGRESS59.48%
Net Worth
0.154USD
STEEM
0.000STEEM
SBD
0.130SBD
Effective Power
5.007SP
├── Own SP
1.577SP
└── Incoming DelegationsDeleg
+3.430SP
Detailed Balance
| STEEM | ||
| balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| market_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| reward_steem_balance | 0.000STEEM | STEEM |
| STEEM POWER | ||
| Own SP | 1.577SP | SP |
| Delegated Out | 0.000SP | SP |
| Delegation In | 3.430SP | SP |
| Effective Power | 5.007SP | SP |
| Reward SP (pending) | 0.000SP | SP |
| SBD | ||
| sbd_balance | 0.130SBD | SBD |
| sbd_conversions | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| sbd_market_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
| reward_sbd_balance | 0.000SBD | SBD |
{
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "2565.395326 VESTS",
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"received_vesting_shares": "5578.264480 VESTS",
"sbd_balance": "0.130 SBD",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"conversions": []
}Account Info
| name | ulundo |
| id | 972088 |
| rank | 1,125,082 |
| reputation | 6980139171 |
| created | 2018-05-09T19:37:24 |
| recovery_account | steem |
| proxy | None |
| post_count | 69 |
| comment_count | 0 |
| lifetime_vote_count | 0 |
| witnesses_voted_for | 0 |
| last_post | 2018-07-29T19:34:36 |
| last_root_post | 2018-07-29T16:00:24 |
| last_vote_time | 2018-08-06T18:37:30 |
| proxied_vsf_votes | 0, 0, 0, 0 |
| can_vote | 1 |
| voting_power | 0 |
| delayed_votes | 0 |
| balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| savings_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| sbd_balance | 0.130 SBD |
| savings_sbd_balance | 0.000 SBD |
| vesting_shares | 2565.395326 VESTS |
| delegated_vesting_shares | 0.000000 VESTS |
| received_vesting_shares | 5578.264480 VESTS |
| reward_vesting_balance | 0.000000 VESTS |
| vesting_balance | 0.000 STEEM |
| vesting_withdraw_rate | 0.000000 VESTS |
| next_vesting_withdrawal | 1969-12-31T23:59:59 |
| withdrawn | 0 |
| to_withdraw | 0 |
| withdraw_routes | 0 |
| savings_withdraw_requests | 0 |
| last_account_recovery | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| reset_account | null |
| last_owner_update | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
| last_account_update | 2018-07-22T10:44:48 |
| mined | No |
| sbd_seconds | 237,685,323 |
| sbd_last_interest_payment | 2018-07-21T11:21:33 |
| savings_sbd_last_interest_payment | 1970-01-01T00:00:00 |
{
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5yVzJrCUCLqt2fR3DS1m3cVPcvu8qYPhy3nBZ8VU275UaKDBYG",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"can_vote": true,
"comment_count": 0,
"created": "2018-05-09T19:37:24",
"curation_rewards": 6,
"delegated_vesting_shares": "0.000000 VESTS",
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779090423
},
"guest_bloggers": [],
"id": 972088,
"json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"about\":\"Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto\",\"location\":\"Croatia\",\"name\":\"Ulundo\",\"cover_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg\",\"profile_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg\"}}",
"last_account_recovery": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_account_update": "2018-07-22T10:44:48",
"last_owner_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"last_post": "2018-07-29T19:34:36",
"last_root_post": "2018-07-29T16:00:24",
"last_vote_time": "2018-08-06T18:37:30",
"lifetime_vote_count": 0,
"market_history": [],
"memo_key": "STM7zD345QbidZ6foGqqGmqjQLngFDKA9UoFstV1RgmjWcr6r1z7M",
"mined": false,
"name": "ulundo",
"next_vesting_withdrawal": "1969-12-31T23:59:59",
"other_history": [],
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5DWV1kxrkPopfADYEm3yUnJn1u7gfg3UKtryQr4XXK5G8QbxiE",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"pending_claimed_accounts": 0,
"post_bandwidth": 0,
"post_count": 69,
"post_history": [],
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5vD3Q52wKhqs8YXoVQXifw7HZU2fQ7nuk64qTE5xepAx4RgLK7",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting_json_metadata": "{\"profile\":{\"about\":\"Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto\",\"location\":\"Croatia\",\"name\":\"Ulundo\",\"cover_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg\",\"profile_image\":\"https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg\"}}",
"posting_rewards": 484,
"proxied_vsf_votes": [
0,
0,
0,
0
],
"proxy": "",
"received_vesting_shares": "5578.264480 VESTS",
"recovery_account": "steem",
"reputation": "6980139171",
"reset_account": "null",
"reward_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vesting_balance": "0.000000 VESTS",
"reward_vesting_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"savings_sbd_balance": "0.000 SBD",
"savings_sbd_last_interest_payment": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_sbd_seconds": "0",
"savings_sbd_seconds_last_update": "1970-01-01T00:00:00",
"savings_withdraw_requests": 0,
"sbd_balance": "0.130 SBD",
"sbd_last_interest_payment": "2018-07-21T11:21:33",
"sbd_seconds": "237685323",
"sbd_seconds_last_update": "2018-08-16T15:32:06",
"tags_usage": [],
"to_withdraw": 0,
"transfer_history": [],
"vesting_balance": "0.000 STEEM",
"vesting_shares": "2565.395326 VESTS",
"vesting_withdraw_rate": "0.000000 VESTS",
"vote_history": [],
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779090423
},
"voting_power": 0,
"withdraw_routes": 0,
"withdrawn": 0,
"witness_votes": [],
"witnesses_voted_for": 0,
"rank": 1125082
}Withdraw Routes
| Incoming | Outgoing |
|---|---|
Empty | Empty |
{
"incoming": [],
"outgoing": []
}From Date
To Date
2026/05/18 07:47:03
2026/05/18 07:47:03
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 5578.264480 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106152448/Trx 9001cf657cc3db68045c849301509a3a99d8b8a3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 106152448,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "5578.264480 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-18T07:47:03",
"trx_id": "9001cf657cc3db68045c849301509a3a99d8b8a3",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}2026/05/13 10:22:42
2026/05/13 10:22:42
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 2866.054075 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #106012269/Trx bc06580eebf57921d04d1666433fec844bac1edb |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 106012269,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "2866.054075 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T10:22:42",
"trx_id": "bc06580eebf57921d04d1666433fec844bac1edb",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}2026/04/26 06:57:00
2026/04/26 06:57:00
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 5590.780236 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #105519897/Trx e8878cc1626243049eba3c53c004e488452ac916 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 105519897,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "5590.780236 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-04-26T06:57:00",
"trx_id": "e8878cc1626243049eba3c53c004e488452ac916",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}2026/01/24 04:01:45
2026/01/24 04:01:45
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 2907.600894 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #102876034/Trx 4b7e498df6e1824a24b32b243988bda1dca90a5f |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 102876034,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "2907.600894 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2026-01-24T04:01:45",
"trx_id": "4b7e498df6e1824a24b32b243988bda1dca90a5f",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}2024/12/17 23:10:15
2024/12/17 23:10:15
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 3071.820091 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #91322224/Trx ee10be5a5ab7fef3589df3d422ee85c600dd74a8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 91322224,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "3071.820091 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2024-12-17T23:10:15",
"trx_id": "ee10be5a5ab7fef3589df3d422ee85c600dd74a8",
"trx_in_block": 5,
"virtual_op": 0
}2023/11/14 14:49:00
2023/11/14 14:49:00
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 3240.953623 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #79876314/Trx deadd12cb80cd44e5f2143aa490db339906e376d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 79876314,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "3240.953623 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-11-14T14:49:00",
"trx_id": "deadd12cb80cd44e5f2143aa490db339906e376d",
"trx_in_block": 4,
"virtual_op": 0
}2023/09/22 12:08:45
2023/09/22 12:08:45
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6177.862409 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #78364962/Trx e0e2f068cadef338dcd0758c4ef07a97a223ee2e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 78364962,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6177.862409 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2023-09-22T12:08:45",
"trx_id": "e0e2f068cadef338dcd0758c4ef07a97a223ee2e",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}2022/11/03 19:24:36
2022/11/03 19:24:36
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6399.913847 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #69122466/Trx ceabb26c899532af2fde9c58c5a70bac0f340ed7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 69122466,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6399.913847 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-11-03T19:24:36",
"trx_id": "ceabb26c899532af2fde9c58c5a70bac0f340ed7",
"trx_in_block": 0,
"virtual_op": 0
}2022/01/18 00:27:42
2022/01/18 00:27:42
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6620.021448 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #60825540/Trx f4d0c4cef0b837730f1b90c9e51c71b6404c927e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 60825540,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6620.021448 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2022-01-18T00:27:42",
"trx_id": "f4d0c4cef0b837730f1b90c9e51c71b6404c927e",
"trx_in_block": 40,
"virtual_op": 0
}2021/06/14 07:34:54
2021/06/14 07:34:54
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6804.215736 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #54615784/Trx 2208f08103a5fb9d611dd775aada09f6489a8875 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 54615784,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6804.215736 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2021-06-14T07:34:54",
"trx_id": "2208f08103a5fb9d611dd775aada09f6489a8875",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/12/11 17:45:51
2020/12/11 17:45:51
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6991.637710 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49363003/Trx bb7897ea9fac5c0f265d662cecbed78a4ee9fbc7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49363003,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6991.637710 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-11T17:45:51",
"trx_id": "bb7897ea9fac5c0f265d662cecbed78a4ee9fbc7",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/12/06 11:21:03
2020/12/06 11:21:03
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1912.543513 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49214517/Trx f1d80ff4245af21e3da2e98517f8a46ef1e98182 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49214517,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1912.543513 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-06T11:21:03",
"trx_id": "f1d80ff4245af21e3da2e98517f8a46ef1e98182",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/12/05 21:23:42
2020/12/05 21:23:42
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 6997.845564 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #49198086/Trx a2a164bf426857aee4e5583344b50161bea29ebb |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 49198086,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "6997.845564 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-12-05T21:23:42",
"trx_id": "a2a164bf426857aee4e5583344b50161bea29ebb",
"trx_in_block": 4,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/11/03 05:22:24
2020/11/03 05:22:24
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1920.017158 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #48273972/Trx 26ca08721c2dad04df90c815a3f6a7cafe667383 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 48273972,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1920.017158 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-11-03T05:22:24",
"trx_id": "26ca08721c2dad04df90c815a3f6a7cafe667383",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/05/09 12:25:30
2020/05/09 12:25:30
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7200.650923 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43224868/Trx 7751b91ffefcdf8ada613d5f304443f3032542cc |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 43224868,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7200.650923 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-09T12:25:30",
"trx_id": "7751b91ffefcdf8ada613d5f304443f3032542cc",
"trx_in_block": 18,
"virtual_op": 0
}2020/05/08 17:01:33
2020/05/08 17:01:33
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 1953.311140 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #43202136/Trx 2668d53e4ea2e26a77aec251594c453903c665f0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 43202136,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "1953.311140 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2020-05-08T17:01:33",
"trx_id": "2668d53e4ea2e26a77aec251594c453903c665f0",
"trx_in_block": 7,
"virtual_op": 0
}2019/11/01 09:55:36
2019/11/01 09:55:36
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7307.050006 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #37790689/Trx 8452e647e6b7ffe9d412bf2b9d6c2dbe152bbcfe |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 37790689,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7307.050006 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-11-01T09:55:36",
"trx_id": "8452e647e6b7ffe9d412bf2b9d6c2dbe152bbcfe",
"trx_in_block": 1,
"virtual_op": 0
}2019/05/09 21:28:21
2019/05/09 21:28:21
| author | steemitboard |
| body | Congratulations @ulundo! You received a personal award! <table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@ulundo/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table> <sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@ulundo) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=ulundo)_</sub> **Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:** <table><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-05"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/7CiQEO.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-05">SteemitBoard - Witness Update</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemmeetupaachen/@steemitboard/steemitboard-to-support-the-german-speaking-community-meetups"><img src="https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeoNp9iCaCfd2D6TqnWa3Aky2mU4Fm3xaSmjTM91YoNBS/image.png"></a></td><td><a href="https://steemit.com/steemmeetupaachen/@steemitboard/steemitboard-to-support-the-german-speaking-community-meetups">SteemitBoard to support the german speaking community meetups</a></td></tr></table> ###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes! |
| json metadata | {"image":["https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png"]} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| permlink | steemitboard-notify-ulundo-20190509t212821000z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #32766996/Trx a2c3ff6cc91d6291936bcf78d423309a48cc9791 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 32766996,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "steemitboard",
"body": "Congratulations @ulundo! You received a personal award!\n\n<table><tr><td>https://steemitimages.com/70x70/http://steemitboard.com/@ulundo/birthday1.png</td><td>Happy Birthday! - You are on the Steem blockchain for 1 year!</td></tr></table>\n\n<sub>_You can view [your badges on your Steem Board](https://steemitboard.com/@ulundo) and compare to others on the [Steem Ranking](http://steemitboard.com/ranking/index.php?name=ulundo)_</sub>\n\n\n**Do not miss the last post from @steemitboard:**\n<table><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-05\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/http://i.cubeupload.com/7CiQEO.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemitboard/@steemitboard/steemitboard-witness-update-2019-05\">SteemitBoard - Witness Update</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemmeetupaachen/@steemitboard/steemitboard-to-support-the-german-speaking-community-meetups\"><img src=\"https://steemitimages.com/64x128/https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeoNp9iCaCfd2D6TqnWa3Aky2mU4Fm3xaSmjTM91YoNBS/image.png\"></a></td><td><a href=\"https://steemit.com/steemmeetupaachen/@steemitboard/steemitboard-to-support-the-german-speaking-community-meetups\">SteemitBoard to support the german speaking community meetups</a></td></tr></table>\n\n###### [Vote for @Steemitboard as a witness](https://v2.steemconnect.com/sign/account-witness-vote?witness=steemitboard&approve=1) to get one more award and increased upvotes!",
"json_metadata": "{\"image\":[\"https://steemitboard.com/img/notify.png\"]}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"permlink": "steemitboard-notify-ulundo-20190509t212821000z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2019-05-09T21:28:21",
"trx_id": "a2c3ff6cc91d6291936bcf78d423309a48cc9791",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/11/26 19:53:03
2018/11/26 19:53:03
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 7504.525383 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #28046802/Trx e0c8762acc1e7d661cb659f8e6cab1607c8e0463 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 28046802,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "7504.525383 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-11-26T19:53:03",
"trx_id": "e0c8762acc1e7d661cb659f8e6cab1607c8e0463",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.002 SP2018/08/16 15:32:06
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.002 SP
2018/08/16 15:32:06
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.000 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.000 STEEM |
| reward vests | 4.050776 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #25121543/Trx 08501fbdeef841ddb49b2c0e30d0a972530d05f1 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25121543,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.000 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.000 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "4.050776 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-16T15:32:06",
"trx_id": "08501fbdeef841ddb49b2c0e30d0a972530d05f1",
"trx_in_block": 13,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.002 SP curation reward for @divisionbell / the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest2018/08/13 15:46:24
ulundoreceived 0.002 SP curation reward for @divisionbell / the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest
2018/08/13 15:46:24
| comment author | divisionbell |
| comment permlink | the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest |
| curator | ulundo |
| reward | 4.050776 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #25035454/Virtual Operation #25 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 25035454,
"op": [
"curation_reward",
{
"comment_author": "divisionbell",
"comment_permlink": "the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest",
"curator": "ulundo",
"reward": "4.050776 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-13T15:46:24",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 25
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest2018/08/06 18:37:30
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest
2018/08/06 18:37:30
| author | divisionbell |
| permlink | the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24837356/Trx a594243f98036983c26bca1460941d782e607685 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24837356,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "divisionbell",
"permlink": "the-memory-remains-team-serbia-photo-contest",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-06T18:37:30",
"trx_id": "a594243f98036983c26bca1460941d782e607685",
"trx_in_block": 49,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/08/06 01:07:00
2018/08/06 01:07:00
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 27831.588139 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24816355/Trx d47bca975d5454053fe3336309c320d70bf6a689 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24816355,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "27831.588139 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-06T01:07:00",
"trx_id": "d47bca975d5454053fe3336309c320d70bf6a689",
"trx_in_block": 26,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/08/05 23:49:03
2018/08/05 23:49:03
| amount | 0.085 STEEM |
| from | ulundo |
| to | ulundo |
| Transaction Info | Block #24814796/Trx b13d4b6f6c27ef241c556cda5001e05db45711cf |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24814796,
"op": [
"transfer_to_vesting",
{
"amount": "0.085 STEEM",
"from": "ulundo",
"to": "ulundo"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-05T23:49:03",
"trx_id": "b13d4b6f6c27ef241c556cda5001e05db45711cf",
"trx_in_block": 13,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.074 STEEM, 0.009 SBD, 0.105 SP2018/08/05 23:48:12
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.074 STEEM, 0.009 SBD, 0.105 SP
2018/08/05 23:48:12
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.009 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.074 STEEM |
| reward vests | 170.205172 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24814779/Trx e9e0d8d445589b40b0c8c57d66368ea308a483cd |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24814779,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.009 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.074 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "170.205172 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-05T23:48:12",
"trx_id": "e9e0d8d445589b40b0c8c57d66368ea308a483cd",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.001 SBD, 0.014 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z2018/08/05 19:34:36
ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.001 SBD, 0.014 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z
2018/08/05 19:34:36
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| sbd payout | 0.001 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.010 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 22.288618 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24809706/Virtual Operation #3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24809706,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"sbd_payout": "0.001 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.010 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "22.288618 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-05T19:34:36",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 3
}ulundoreceived 0.064 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.090 SP author reward for @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/08/05 16:00:24
ulundoreceived 0.064 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.090 SP author reward for @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/08/05 16:00:24
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| sbd payout | 0.008 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.064 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 145.890300 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24805424/Virtual Operation #36 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24805424,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"sbd_payout": "0.008 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.064 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "145.890300 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-05T16:00:24",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 36
}ulundoreceived 0.001 SP curation reward for @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/08/05 16:00:24
ulundoreceived 0.001 SP curation reward for @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/08/05 16:00:24
| comment author | ulundo |
| comment permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| curator | ulundo |
| reward | 2.026254 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24805424/Virtual Operation #34 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24805424,
"op": [
"curation_reward",
{
"comment_author": "ulundo",
"comment_permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"curator": "ulundo",
"reward": "2.026254 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-05T16:00:24",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 34
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.011 STEEM, 0.002 SBD, 0.016 SP2018/08/03 14:10:24
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.011 STEEM, 0.002 SBD, 0.016 SP
2018/08/03 14:10:24
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.002 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.011 STEEM |
| reward vests | 26.344490 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24745642/Trx ce87edd312021f0bb04c18c09f7f292792e33551 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24745642,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.002 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.011 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "26.344490 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-03T14:10:24",
"trx_id": "ce87edd312021f0bb04c18c09f7f292792e33551",
"trx_in_block": 11,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.011 STEEM, 0.002 SBD, 0.016 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-steemgiant-would-you-sleep-in-a-coffin-20180727t093131246z2018/08/03 09:31:27
ulundoreceived 0.011 STEEM, 0.002 SBD, 0.016 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-steemgiant-would-you-sleep-in-a-coffin-20180727t093131246z
2018/08/03 09:31:27
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-steemgiant-would-you-sleep-in-a-coffin-20180727t093131246z |
| sbd payout | 0.002 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.011 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 26.344490 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24740064/Virtual Operation #9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24740064,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-steemgiant-would-you-sleep-in-a-coffin-20180727t093131246z",
"sbd_payout": "0.002 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.011 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "26.344490 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-03T09:31:27",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 9
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / out-of-the-silent-planet-team-serbia-photo-contest2018/08/01 06:51:21
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / out-of-the-silent-planet-team-serbia-photo-contest
2018/08/01 06:51:21
| author | divisionbell |
| permlink | out-of-the-silent-planet-team-serbia-photo-contest |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24679294/Trx 6f471abc7a6e5b412819729b7104b335dc825567 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24679294,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "divisionbell",
"permlink": "out-of-the-silent-planet-team-serbia-photo-contest",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-08-01T06:51:21",
"trx_id": "6f471abc7a6e5b412819729b7104b335dc825567",
"trx_in_block": 40,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / the-view-animal-photography2018/07/30 15:36:00
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / the-view-animal-photography
2018/07/30 15:36:00
| author | divisionbell |
| permlink | the-view-animal-photography |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24632210/Trx 07b486b24bdc46d9fa09cbd4c2e9d8415fd24452 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24632210,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "divisionbell",
"permlink": "the-view-animal-photography",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-30T15:36:00",
"trx_id": "07b486b24bdc46d9fa09cbd4c2e9d8415fd24452",
"trx_in_block": 49,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/30 12:40:21
2018/07/30 12:40:21
| amount | 0.016 STEEM |
| from | ulundo |
| to | ulundo |
| Transaction Info | Block #24628698/Trx a8c6d033d1e9b207e4edb2f2f334be33662ed967 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24628698,
"op": [
"transfer_to_vesting",
{
"amount": "0.016 STEEM",
"from": "ulundo",
"to": "ulundo"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-30T12:40:21",
"trx_id": "a8c6d033d1e9b207e4edb2f2f334be33662ed967",
"trx_in_block": 11,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.011 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.022 SP2018/07/30 12:31:18
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.011 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.022 SP
2018/07/30 12:31:18
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.008 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.011 STEEM |
| reward vests | 36.485582 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24628517/Trx 6b2c5733a468db62f026a61ae619f423426ea901 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24628517,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.008 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.011 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "36.485582 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-30T12:31:18",
"trx_id": "6b2c5733a468db62f026a61ae619f423426ea901",
"trx_in_block": 57,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 23:16:45
2018/07/29 23:16:45
| delegatee | ulundo |
| delegator | steem |
| vesting shares | 28280.767603 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24612633/Trx d05ccef77f5e5f843e11f560e028443a1c6aa894 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24612633,
"op": [
"delegate_vesting_shares",
{
"delegatee": "ulundo",
"delegator": "steem",
"vesting_shares": "28280.767603 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T23:16:45",
"trx_id": "d05ccef77f5e5f843e11f560e028443a1c6aa894",
"trx_in_block": 41,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.011 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.022 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-lordneroo-re-ulundo-re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t224920694z2018/07/29 22:49:21
ulundoreceived 0.011 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.022 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-lordneroo-re-ulundo-re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t224920694z
2018/07/29 22:49:21
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-lordneroo-re-ulundo-re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t224920694z |
| sbd payout | 0.008 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.011 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 36.485582 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24612084/Virtual Operation #2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24612084,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-lordneroo-re-ulundo-re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t224920694z",
"sbd_payout": "0.008 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.011 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "36.485582 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T22:49:21",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 2
}lingofileupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 22:15:00
lingofileupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 22:15:00
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | lingofile |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24611398/Trx 8e6f36ce4f9398a70a81a1af95f71ba2b5d00a0e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24611398,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "lingofile",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T22:15:00",
"trx_id": "8e6f36ce4f9398a70a81a1af95f71ba2b5d00a0e",
"trx_in_block": 13,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 21:08:39
2018/07/29 21:08:39
| author | alexs1320 |
| body | Neka od pravila STEM-a: * slike moraju biti iz PD ili CC0 * nije dozvoljen plagijarizam niti direktno prevodjenje Iz koje si oblasti fizike? :) Javi mi se kad otvoriš Discord, zovem se isto i tamo |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| permlink | re-ulundo-re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t210838497z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24610071/Trx f5857b2508b50e5e4ca38c144204cded2edca1fb |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24610071,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "alexs1320",
"body": "Neka od pravila STEM-a:\n* slike moraju biti iz PD ili CC0\n* nije dozvoljen plagijarizam niti direktno prevodjenje\n\nIz koje si oblasti fizike? :)\n\nJavi mi se kad otvoriš Discord, zovem se isto i tamo",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t210838497z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T21:08:39",
"trx_id": "f5857b2508b50e5e4ca38c144204cded2edca1fb",
"trx_in_block": 14,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.005 STEEM, 0.004 SBD, 0.011 SP2018/07/29 20:40:15
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.005 STEEM, 0.004 SBD, 0.011 SP
2018/07/29 20:40:15
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.004 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.005 STEEM |
| reward vests | 18.242918 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24609503/Trx 4fef722b8f73e511a17db96ba36088f276f1f9ca |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24609503,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.004 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.005 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "18.242918 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:40:15",
"trx_id": "4fef722b8f73e511a17db96ba36088f276f1f9ca",
"trx_in_block": 31,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 20:33:51
2018/07/29 20:33:51
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180727t092736922z |
| voter | michelmake |
| weight | 1500 (15.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24609375/Trx a3061bef500e3f8400ac766829faa3c42b56edf8 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24609375,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180727t092736922z",
"voter": "michelmake",
"weight": 1500
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:33:51",
"trx_id": "a3061bef500e3f8400ac766829faa3c42b56edf8",
"trx_in_block": 30,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 20:33:09
2018/07/29 20:33:09
| author | michelmake |
| body | Haha thanks! Yeah, I was also very happy when I found this! I know there are other desktop tools but 9 out of 10 times they are buggy and somewhat crappy in their usability. So far I like this one the most :) |
| json metadata | {"tags":["blog"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180727t092736922z |
| permlink | re-ulundo-re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180729t203308101z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24609361/Trx f7c54ef3d70dc38cafef5a799d7b3c844d3084f4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24609361,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "michelmake",
"body": "Haha thanks! Yeah, I was also very happy when I found this! I know there are other desktop tools but 9 out of 10 times they are buggy and somewhat crappy in their usability. So far I like this one the most :)",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"blog\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180727t092736922z",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-re-michelmake-great-tool-for-scientific-sketching-and-drawing-20180729t203308101z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:33:09",
"trx_id": "f7c54ef3d70dc38cafef5a799d7b3c844d3084f4",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 20:06:18
2018/07/29 20:06:18
| author | yu-stem |
| body | Imamo i naš lokalni jezički STEM tag (ne preterano aktivan, ali makar brojčano raste). |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| permlink | re-ulundo-re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t200615280z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608825/Trx 839be0572fbc1b4f041568f069cbdcd03b971e28 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608825,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "yu-stem",
"body": "Imamo i naš lokalni jezički STEM tag (ne preterano aktivan, ali makar brojčano raste).",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t200615280z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:06:18",
"trx_id": "839be0572fbc1b4f041568f069cbdcd03b971e28",
"trx_in_block": 6,
"virtual_op": 0
}yu-stemupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z2018/07/29 20:04:27
yu-stemupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z
2018/07/29 20:04:27
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| voter | yu-stem |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608788/Trx 2a360db8163cac207101e78a84e065b367617850 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608788,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"voter": "yu-stem",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:04:27",
"trx_id": "2a360db8163cac207101e78a84e065b367617850",
"trx_in_block": 26,
"virtual_op": 0
}yu-stemupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 20:04:12
yu-stemupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 20:04:12
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | yu-stem |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608783/Trx 73ff4b318ad32bbfe2f6ecd288ce6c2ce95820d2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608783,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "yu-stem",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T20:04:12",
"trx_id": "73ff4b318ad32bbfe2f6ecd288ce6c2ce95820d2",
"trx_in_block": 30,
"virtual_op": 0
}alexs1320upvoted (25.00%) @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z2018/07/29 19:46:48
alexs1320upvoted (25.00%) @ulundo / re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z
2018/07/29 19:46:48
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| voter | alexs1320 |
| weight | 2500 (25.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608435/Trx b7821a3f78bcf8abb4a18aa9f14863b6c3f4b671 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608435,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"voter": "alexs1320",
"weight": 2500
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T19:46:48",
"trx_id": "b7821a3f78bcf8abb4a18aa9f14863b6c3f4b671",
"trx_in_block": 3,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.005 STEEM, 0.004 SBD, 0.011 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-lordneroo-right-to-be-wrong-20180722t193954528z2018/07/29 19:39:57
ulundoreceived 0.005 STEEM, 0.004 SBD, 0.011 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-lordneroo-right-to-be-wrong-20180722t193954528z
2018/07/29 19:39:57
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-lordneroo-right-to-be-wrong-20180722t193954528z |
| sbd payout | 0.004 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.005 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 18.242918 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608297/Virtual Operation #12 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608297,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-lordneroo-right-to-be-wrong-20180722t193954528z",
"sbd_payout": "0.004 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.005 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "18.242918 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T19:39:57",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 12
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @alexs1320 / re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z2018/07/29 19:34:39
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @alexs1320 / re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z
2018/07/29 19:34:39
| author | alexs1320 |
| permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608192/Trx fb801cbb40b990180f0939368830f788ddc8bb53 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608192,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "alexs1320",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T19:34:39",
"trx_id": "fb801cbb40b990180f0939368830f788ddc8bb53",
"trx_in_block": 34,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 19:34:36
2018/07/29 19:34:36
| author | ulundo |
| body | Puno hvala na lijepim riječima! Svakako ću se prijaviti u Discord grupu i pogledati pravila, hvala na savjetu :) |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | alexs1320 |
| parent permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z |
| permlink | re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24608191/Trx 99b5bf4dcb1209870956b39eade7170eb9b7be85 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24608191,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"body": "Puno hvala na lijepim riječima! \nSvakako ću se prijaviti u Discord grupu i pogledati pravila, hvala na savjetu :)",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "alexs1320",
"parent_permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z",
"permlink": "re-alexs1320-re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t193434056z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T19:34:36",
"trx_id": "99b5bf4dcb1209870956b39eade7170eb9b7be85",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 18:14:36
2018/07/29 18:14:36
| author | alexs1320 |
| body | Sjajan i originalan post koji je privukao pažnju. Dobrodošao na Steemit! Verovatno je najbolje da se prijaviš na *Discord* i pronadješ SteemSTEM zajednicu i uputstva za pisanje. Možeš dobiti i mentora da te uvede u pravila. Osim na Engleskom, možeš pisati i na Hrvatskom. Sretna bronca u vaterpolu, čitamo se :) |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24606591/Trx a4373fe84f65d9f411cfd88c959153afb04e3b02 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24606591,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "alexs1320",
"body": "Sjajan i originalan post koji je privukao pažnju. Dobrodošao na Steemit! Verovatno je najbolje da se prijaviš na *Discord* i pronadješ SteemSTEM zajednicu i uputstva za pisanje. Možeš dobiti i mentora da te uvede u pravila. Osim na Engleskom, možeš pisati i na Hrvatskom. Sretna bronca u vaterpolu, čitamo se :)",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t181434821z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T18:14:36",
"trx_id": "a4373fe84f65d9f411cfd88c959153afb04e3b02",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": 0
}alexs1320upvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 18:08:51
alexs1320upvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 18:08:51
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | alexs1320 |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24606476/Trx 119d76f6fab72681592b6e1deb4d68b5af19f96c |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24606476,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "alexs1320",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T18:08:51",
"trx_id": "119d76f6fab72681592b6e1deb4d68b5af19f96c",
"trx_in_block": 39,
"virtual_op": 0
}sensationupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 17:55:57
sensationupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 17:55:57
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | sensation |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24606218/Trx a742b92484dd0c5768e486ae4b8b5fc45e9333b7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24606218,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "sensation",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T17:55:57",
"trx_id": "a742b92484dd0c5768e486ae4b8b5fc45e9333b7",
"trx_in_block": 7,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 17:25:42
2018/07/29 17:25:42
| author | kryzsec |
| body | Slightly advanced (like a lot of people are going to get lost when reading this) and you also have the equation issue (there is a saying where you lose a percentage of your audience every time there is an equation). Anyways, bigger concern is that some of the images I am unable to verify whether or not some images are labeled for reuse (Creative Commons, Public Domain, etc) and specifically labeled for commercial reuse (you are making money from the blog meaning images that are only good for non-commercial reuse can't be used). |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t172535603z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24605613/Trx 2174197a5fcce92a1079bf1f25875f90b1ca6915 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24605613,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "kryzsec",
"body": "Slightly advanced (like a lot of people are going to get lost when reading this) and you also have the equation issue (there is a saying where you lose a percentage of your audience every time there is an equation).\n\nAnyways, bigger concern is that some of the images I am unable to verify whether or not some images are labeled for reuse (Creative Commons, Public Domain, etc) and specifically labeled for commercial reuse (you are making money from the blog meaning images that are only good for non-commercial reuse can't be used).",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t172535603z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T17:25:42",
"trx_id": "2174197a5fcce92a1079bf1f25875f90b1ca6915",
"trx_in_block": 21,
"virtual_op": 0
}kryzsecupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 17:19:33
kryzsecupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 17:19:33
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | kryzsec |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24605490/Trx 139852f4b6f59048ea1589dbbc4200876c2aaa1d |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24605490,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "kryzsec",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T17:19:33",
"trx_id": "139852f4b6f59048ea1589dbbc4200876c2aaa1d",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 16:55:48
2018/07/29 16:55:48
| amount | 0.009 STEEM |
| from | ulundo |
| to | ulundo |
| Transaction Info | Block #24605015/Trx b26219af9eec241654e987305c433e8c15c6a119 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24605015,
"op": [
"transfer_to_vesting",
{
"amount": "0.009 STEEM",
"from": "ulundo",
"to": "ulundo"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:55:48",
"trx_id": "b26219af9eec241654e987305c433e8c15c6a119",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP2018/07/29 16:55:03
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP
2018/07/29 16:55:03
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.008 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.009 STEEM |
| reward vests | 32.432153 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24605000/Trx ad19050d52f92a60aed3d86510951fa516f28395 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24605000,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.008 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.009 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "32.432153 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:55:03",
"trx_id": "ad19050d52f92a60aed3d86510951fa516f28395",
"trx_in_block": 9,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 16:54:21
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 16:54:21
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24604986/Trx fa25643b39d4266a2d761f21b0377ddda82a0502 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24604986,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:54:21",
"trx_id": "fa25643b39d4266a2d761f21b0377ddda82a0502",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @vukaaaaaaa / re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z2018/07/29 16:47:06
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @vukaaaaaaa / re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z
2018/07/29 16:47:06
| author | vukaaaaaaa |
| permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24604841/Trx 69e4228d5e2484d09298ccfd328f35d615ec9840 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24604841,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "vukaaaaaaa",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:47:06",
"trx_id": "69e4228d5e2484d09298ccfd328f35d615ec9840",
"trx_in_block": 22,
"virtual_op": 0
}moby-dickupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 16:44:06
moby-dickupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 16:44:06
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | moby-dick |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24604781/Trx 0d3f47b80593319a1a011366cef194628b35d3c0 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24604781,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "moby-dick",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:44:06",
"trx_id": "0d3f47b80593319a1a011366cef194628b35d3c0",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 16:17:27
2018/07/29 16:17:27
| author | vukaaaaaaa |
| body | Great post, keep up a good work :D |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| permlink | re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24604248/Trx 99a7e8a7ef98b4ba89e287f1386f01ec1582cca9 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24604248,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "vukaaaaaaa",
"body": "Great post, keep up a good work :D",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-how-do-mirrors-work-20180729t161726459z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:17:27",
"trx_id": "99a7e8a7ef98b4ba89e287f1386f01ec1582cca9",
"trx_in_block": 24,
"virtual_op": 0
}vukaaaaaaaupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 16:09:00
vukaaaaaaaupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 16:09:00
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | vukaaaaaaa |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24604079/Trx 47ffbb55e20ce543d77305c7dd49d98e6f81964e |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24604079,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "vukaaaaaaa",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:09:00",
"trx_id": "47ffbb55e20ce543d77305c7dd49d98e6f81964e",
"trx_in_block": 12,
"virtual_op": 0
}ramenvoreupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 16:03:30
ramenvoreupvoted (100.00%) @ulundo / how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 16:03:30
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| voter | ramenvore |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24603969/Trx 866a90e57c8e55a7901c9e6cb027e5e0bac6f6ce |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24603969,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"voter": "ramenvore",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:03:30",
"trx_id": "866a90e57c8e55a7901c9e6cb027e5e0bac6f6ce",
"trx_in_block": 7,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundopublished a new post: how-do-mirrors-work2018/07/29 16:00:24
ulundopublished a new post: how-do-mirrors-work
2018/07/29 16:00:24
| author | ulundo |
| body | # <center> ~ Introduction ~ </center> <hr> Everyday we come across mirrors or similar reflective surfaces and we take it for granted because we are used to seeing them. But why are some surfaces reflective and others not? Could it be the smoothness of the surface itself? Well I could argue it plays a certian role but we have all seen smooth pieces of wood or plastic which surely aren't reflective as a mirror is. So if it isn't purely a question of smoothness of a material, what could be the answer? <center>  [Fig1: Reflective sphere](https://pixabay.com/en/mirroring-ball-reflection-mirror-711926/) </center> I have thought about different approaches to explaining this "phenomnena" and I have decided to give two explanations: - a short, purely descriptive explanation where you will need to take some things for granted and just believe me (skip all the way down to **Short answer**) - one more detailed and mathematically complex explanation where we will need to cover certian calculus theorems and physical laws Both of these explanations result in powerful conclusions which in return give us the answer to why some surfaces are reflective and others are not, but first of all we need to set some basic principles and realise what we are actually dealing with when talking about mirrors. Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying that only mirrors are reflective - I can easily see my reflection on water surfaces or turned off smartphone screens, etc... But these reflections are usually dark and not very clear as opposed to images mirrors and similar sufraces produce. <hr> # <center> ~ Light ~ </center> <hr> We are all familiar with the basic concepts of light. We can see during the day because the Sun is shining light down on us, but if there is no light, well... then of course we can't see. Our eyes are complex light detectors and every colour our eyes can detect belongs to the visible part of the "light spectrum". More generally, light is a electromagnetic wave and the visible part of it is just a small fraction of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. It is important to keep in mind that light also shows a wave-particle duality but I will mostly be interested in its wave form. So what is a "wave"? One of the most common descriptions of a wave describes it as a *disturbance of a continuous medium that propagates with a fixed shape at constant velocity*, and there are two types of waves: - Longitudinal - particles in the medium oscilate parallel to the direction the wave itself is propagating. - Transversal - particles in the medium oscilate perpendicular to the direction the wave itself is propagating. <center>  [Fig2: Difference between two types of waves](http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves) </center> Waves propagate energy - for example you can generate waves on water surface by throwing a rock. These waves are a combination of the aformentioned two types and they propagate mechanical energy. As we all know these waves can cause extreme damage if they are high and fast enough. I would now like to introduce a little bit of mathematical notation used to describe these waves in space and their evolution in time. The general linear partial differential equation of second order which describes a wave propagating in the z-direction is given by: <center>  Eq1: Classical wave equation </center> where "v" represents the speed of propagation, "z" direction of propagation, "t" time and where "f" is a funciton of the form: <center>  Eq2: A general wave form </center> This is the most general way a wave traveling in z-direction can be described. In case of a sinusodial wave (Figure 3) this wave function "f" can be written via trigonometric functions sin(), cos() or even their combination. <center>  Fig3: Sinusoidal wave. Source: ref [1] </center> <center>  Eq3: Trigonometric wave form </center> Some new variables were introduced in equation 3. The wave number "k" is related to the wave lenght in such a way that when "z" advances by 2π /wavelenght, the cosine executes one complete cycle. "A" represents the amplitude of the wave and "omega" represents the angular frequency and is related to ordinary frequency of the wave. The [Euler's formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula) allows us to introduce the complex notation of a wave given by: <center>  Eq4: Complex wave function - Planar wave </center> where "i" is the imaginary unit and where any value with tilde is a complex value or function. Equation 4 is the most useful way of mathematically describing waves, atleast for planar light waves propagating in z-direction. I will be using this wave formulation from now on. Let me jump back to light for a second. I stated that a wave is a disturbance of a continuous medium that propagates with a fixed shape at constant velocity but we know that light can propagate through the emptiness of vacuum. We can see stars at night but the question is how... How can this be? How can a wave propagate through nothing at all? What is this medium that light seems to "disturb" in order to propagate? Well that is a long but interesting story about the idea of universal Ether which was debunked in the early 20th century - but I will leave this for some other time. For now it is enough to say that light is a "special kind" of wave - it doesn't need a medium to propagate in. That is partialy where the wave-particle duality of light comes into play. # <center> ~ Additional mathematical notation ~ </center> <hr> In further analysis we will need a little bit of differential calculus but I won't go into too much detail. I just want to cover some basic concepts and not how we can come to them. I want to begin with the use of [nabla differential operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabla_symbol) which allows us to write seemingly complicating formulas into more compact forms. <center> **Differential calculus** </center> <center>  Fig4: Nabla operator in Cartesian coordinates </center> It consists of first order derivatives by spatial coordinates where each derivative is coupled with its unit vector. For example, let "T" be some scalar field representing room temperature. "T" being a scalar field meens that every point in space (in this imagined room) has its own value T(x,y,z) -> a scalar value for example 22 degrees Celsius. If we use the nabla operator on this scalar field "T" we get: <center>  Eq5: Gradient of T </center> We call this the **gradient** of "T". The gradient is a vector quantity which points in the direction of fastest change in "T"! Now imagine we have some other field "v". Let "v" be a vector field, for example representing speed of water flow in some imagined pipe. Each point inside the pipe has its own little vector quantity v(x,y,z) - speed of that bit of water. Since both nabla and v are vector quantities we can multiply them in two ways: dot product or cross product. The first one gives us: <center>  Eq6: Divergence of v </center> We call this the **divergence** of "v". The divergence is a scalar quantity which is a measure of how much the vector "v" spreads out (diverges) from the point in question. The cross product gives us: <center>  Eq7: Curl of v </center> This one looks really ugly but it's really only importatnt to know the basic concept of **curl**. It is a measure of how much the vector "v" swirls around the point in question. <hr> <center> **The Fundamental Theorem for Divergences** </center> <center>  Eq8: Gauss’s theorem </center> The Fundamental Theorem for Divergences or more often called the Gauss's theorem states that the integral of a derivative (divergence) over a region (volume V) is equal to the value of the function at the boundary (surface S that bounds the volume). >If v represents the flow of an incompressible fluid, then the flux of v is the total amount of fluid passing out through the surface, per unit time. Now, the divergence measures the “spreading out” of the vectors from a point—a place of high divergence is like a “faucet,” pouring out liquid. Sourse: ref [1] For example... If we have a faucet inside some volume V than the water coming out of the faucet (water being "created" in volume V) is the same as the amount of water leaving the border of volume V (if we suppose that water is incompressible). <hr> <center> **The Fundamental Theorem for Curls** </center> <center>  Eq9: Stokes' theorem </center> The Fundamental Theorem for Curls or more often called the Stokes' theorem states that the integral of the curl over some surface (the flux of the curl through that surface) which represents the “total amount of swirl,” can be determined just as well by going around the edge of that surface and finding how much the flow is following the boundary. These theorems (and a few more subtleties) will allow us to manipulate Maxwell's equations into something more tangible and more relevant for uncovering why mirrors reflect so much light and so many colours. # <center> ~ Maxwell's equations ~ </center> <hr> Maxwell's equations are a set of four partial differential equations that encompass the field of classical electrodynamics as a whole. In theory they are (along with Lorentz force law) containing everything you need to dissasemble and understand electromagnetism and light itself. <center>  Fig5: Differential form of Maxwell's equations in vacuum. Source: ref [1] </center> **First Maxwell's equation** (called Gauss's law) togehter with Gauss's theorem states that the total flux of an electric field "E" through enclosed surface S is solely determined by the total enclosed electric charge "q" (in the right side of equation (i) the greek letter rho represents the charge density). **Second Maxwell's equation** together with Gauss's theorem states that the total flux of an magnetic field "B" through enclosed surface S is always zero which means that there are no magnetic monopoles. Imagined magnetic monopole could produce such a magnetic field "B" which would "escape" from some volume and never return. Second Maxwell's equation states that any magnetic field lines that exit the surface must return and reenter thus canceling the total flux. **Third Maxwell's equation** (called Faraday’s law) together with Stokes' theorem states that a changing magnetic field "B" induces a circular electric field "E" connecting the two fields. **Fourth Maxwell's equation** (Ampère’s law + Maxwell's correction) states that a magnetic field "B" can be created by some arbitraty electric current given by the current density "j" and/or by a changing electric field "E" Figure 5 represents Maxwell's equations in vacuum with a occasional local electric charge density or electric current. But in reality we mostly deal with materials of all sorts. Some external electric field can act upon a electric charge by the electrostatic force proportional to the charge itself and the "strenght" of the field. Positive electric charges are pushed in the direction of a electric field, and negative electric charges are pushed in the opposite direction of the field. Since all atoms are made of positive core and negative electron cloud than exposing these atoms to external electric fields can pull the positive core to one side and the negative electron cloud to the other. This is called an induced electric dipole and it creates its own electric field. Since there are millions and millions of atoms in any material, these effects are not negligible. This effect is called polarization. Similar thing applies for magnetic fields. Each and every atom with unpaired electrons has its own magnetic moment which arises from electrons spin. If all electrons are paired that the effect is a little bit different but its results are similar. In a external magnetic field, these magnetic dipoles align (anti)parallel to the external magnetic field thus changing it. This is called magnetization. As a result of magnetization, there are two effects. Paramagnetism (parallel to the external magnetic field) and diamagnetism (antiparallel to the external magnetic field). Without too much detail I wanted to show that if we are dealing with electric and magnetic fields in materials then these materials alter the original fields. If the effects of polarization and magnetization are taken into account that new fields can be defined to allow us to rewrite Maxwell's equation in more compact form which applies to electrodynamics in matter. <center>  Fig6: Differential form of Maxwell's equations in matter. Source: ref [1] </center> "D" hides away the original electric field "E" plus the effects of polarization and is called the electric displacement. "H" hides away the original magnetic field "B" plus the effects of magnetization and is often called "true" magnetic field or magnetic induction (I don't like this name since it has little to do with the effects of magnetic induction). These Maxwell's equations tell the same story as those in vacuum but now we are dealing with **free** charges and **free** currents. The word **free** here means that these electric charges are not confined to one atom. They are not **bound** to a certian place of matter. If we are dealing with dielectrics or insulators then there are no free charges but if we are dealing with conductors then there certinally are some. # <center> ~ Waves in vacuum and matter ~ </center> <hr> First of all let us untangle Maxwell's equations (figure 5) in vacuum. We will be using the following identity: <center>  Eq10: Curl of Curl identity </center> If we apply the curl operator to the thrid Maxwell's equation we can use equation 10 for the left side, and on the right side we get the derivative of curl of the magnetic field "B". Now we can use the first (where rho is zero) and fourth (where "j" is zero) Maxwell's equation to neaten this up and what we get is something of a familiar form. <center>  Eq11: Second order differential equation for E </center> What we see here is a classical wave equation (equation 1) but instead of it being in z-direction, this one is more general. Same can be proven for the magnetic field "B" by applying the curl to the fourth Maxwell's equation and so on. So Maxwell’s equations imply that empty space supports the propagation of electromagnetic waves, traveling at a speed: <center>  Eq12: Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum. Speed of light </center> We have now shown that Maxwell's equations allow wave-like solutions which means that the electric field "E" and magnetic field "B" can be written in the form of equation 4. It can also be shown that electromagnetic waves are transversal waves ("E" and "B" oscilate perpendicular to the direction of propagation). It can also be shown that "E" and "B" are always mutually perpendicular so if "E" is in x-direction then it follows that "B" is in the y-direction. Few more interesting results can be pulled out of Maxwell's equations but I don't want to go into too much detail. The amplitude of "B" can be rewriten in terms of amplitude of "E" and the speed of light which allows us to write "E" and "B" as: <center>  Eq13: Electric and magnetic component of electromagnetic waves in vacuum </center> So far we have been dealing with EM waves in vacuum. But what if we are in some kind of conductive matter. This means that free charge density and free current is not exactly zero. We can no longer unravel Maxwell's equations neatly because now equation 10 doesn't help us too much since divergence of "E" is no longer zero. It can be shown that in so called [Ohmic conducters](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/183465/what-is-an-ohmic-conductor) (and most real conducters are ohmic conducters) this free charge density goes to zero if we let some time pass. All excess free charge accumulates on the surface leaving the interior free charge density = 0. This allows us to use equation 10 in a somewhat useful way. The free current density "J" does not usually go to zero so the only difference is made by the fourth Maxwell's equation. Same as before - if we apply the curl operator to the forth Maxwell's equation and with the use of equation 10 we can arrive to classical wave equations, but now for conductors: <center>  Eq14: Second order differential equation for E in conductors </center> Again, what we have now is a classical wave equation (equation 1) but instead of it being in z-direction, this one is more general. But there is now one mayor difference. Comparing this to equation 1 we can see that the speed of propagation is now a complex number! Since wave number "k" is related to the speed of propagation (angular frequency = wave number * speed of propagation) now even "k" is a complex number! The greek letter sigma symbolizes the electric conductivity. Again "E" and "B" can be written as wave functions where now we have complex values: <center>  Eq15: Electric and magnetic component of electromagnetic waves in conductors </center> These equations will be used to show why mirrors reflect so much incident light and such a wide spectrum of colours unlike other materials. The complex wave number "k" can be "pulled out" from complex speed and written as: <center>  Eq16: Complex wave number </center> We can see that this complex wave number is related to the electric conductivity of matter and is proportional to it. Wave number "k" being a complex value causes waves to deteriorate inside conductors - they "die out". This will be very important for our case. # <center> ~ Fresnel equations ~ </center> <hr> In the last section I tried to show how electromagnetic waves can be mathematically written when we observe them in conducting matter. Now we will look at what happens when some electromagnetic wave comes from vacuum or some insulator and hits a conducting surface. After all that is what is happening everyday around us. Light travels through air and for some reason reflects off some surfaces better and for some surfaces worse. Let us observe the following situation: <center>  Fig7: Incident, reflected and transmitted wave </center> On the left we have a insulator and on the right we have a conductor. From the left arrives some incident electromagnetic wave and hits the surface head on. The incident wave (in insulator) can be written as: <center>  Eq17: Incident electromagnetic wave </center> Let's assume that a portion of this incident wave is reflected where it came from. So the reflected wave (still in insulator) can be written as: <center>  Eq18: Reflected electromagntic wave </center> And lastly let's assume that a portion of this incident wave managed to punch through and continue its propagation to the right. This transmitted wave (now in conducting matter) can be written with complex values: <center>  Eq19: Transmited electromagnetic wave </center> If we call everything happening on the left side "1" and everything happening on the right side "2" then at the border between these regions it must be true that: <center>  Eq20: Condition at the boundary </center> where index "0" implies we are talking about amplitudes. This must hold true and is almost intuitive since we can't expect a sudden jump in this amplitude when crossing the boundary. Equation 19 (along with few sundries which arise from Maxwell's equation) gives us the following equations: <center>  Eq21: Fresnel equations for perpendicular incidence </center> These equations tell us what part of the incident wave is reflected and what part of it is transmitted. We can see that the reflected and the transmitted part is written in terms of the incident wave and a new complex constant beta. This complex constant beta holds the key to our answer! <center>  Eq22: Complex constant </center> This constant consists of all sorts of stuff. It contains constants of permeability (depents on the material), speeds of propagation and most importantly - the complex wave number. If we jump back to equation 16 we can see that this complex number is proportional with electric conductivity of matter. What if we are dealing with perfect conducters? What would even be a perfect conducter? Well it would be some kind of matter which wouldn't resist to any electrical currents. It's electric conductivity would be infinite. So let's see what happens if we take that electric conductivity (omega) goes to infinity. From equation 16 we see that "k" also goes to infinity. If "k" goes to infinity then according to equation 22, beta also goes to infinity. According to Fresnel equations (equation 21) we can see that if beta goes to infinity then the transmited amplitude goes to zero and reflected amplitude becomes same as the amplitude of the incident wave **irregardless** of its wavelenght or frequency! We can now see that **no matter what frequency / wavelenght of the incident wave actually is - everything will be reflected off of perfect conductors!** That is why we see ourselves so clearly in mirrors. In reality there are no perfect conductors but some materials come close to it. Silver for example is a great conductor which is why it is used for mirrors. In practice, you paint a thin coating of silver onto the back of a pane of glass (the glass has nothing to do with the reflection; it’s just there to support the silver and to keep it from tarnishing). Silver is such a good conductor that the incident electromagnetic waves / light only penetrates is a few hundred atom lenghts. That is why we don't need a very thick layer. I hope I managed to transfer some of my enthusiasm to you and that you find this as astonishing as I do :). Cheers! # <center> ~ Short answer ~ </center> <hr> We are all familiar with everyday concept of light. Everyday we observe that some things reflect light better than others. For example, my reflection in my smartphone screen is very dark and not very clear, but my reflection in mirror is basically a carbon copy of myself. What is it that mirrors posses and smartphone screens don't? In the past it was not known exaclty what light actually is... It wasn't know if its speed is infinite or finite, and if it is finite than what speed does it travel at? All of these questions got their answer with the unification of the theory of electric fields and magnetic fields into electromagnetism and when it was shown that light is a electromagnetic wave. Electromagnetism is almost completely "ruled" by Maxwell's equations - four differential equations which hold all secrets, tricks and phenomena of the electromagnetic world. From these equations it can be shown that electric and magnetic fields can be written in wave-like forms and many of their relations can be derived from the same equations. Maxwell's equations really are powerful stuff! With electric and magnetic fields written in terms of waves, one can mathematically begin to try to understand what happens when these waves pass through matter. Well electric and magnetic fields can act upon electric charges or currents by some force (electrostatic force and Lorentz force) and they can induce certian effects in matter which then alter the original electric and magnetic fields! These effects are called (electric) polarization and magnetization. The same effects can be used to rewrite Maxwell's equations more compactly for cases when waves pass through matter - these equations are even more general than the original ones. In case where this matter is conductive, these Maxwell's equations open up a whole new set of solutions. Electromagnetic waves in conductors have some new properties. A value called the wave number now becomes a complex value which causes the deterioration of electromagnetic waves in conductive matter. They become less and less powerful and eventually just "die out". This is very imporatnt for our topic of intrest beacause it can be shown that this wave number becomes bigger and bigger for better conductors. Let's return to mirrors for a second... So what is happening? Light is arriving from outside and hits the mirror. This means that we must determine what happens on the point of "impact" where light "touches" the mirror. When solving Maxwell's equations at this plane of contact, one can arrive to the so called Fresnel equations (equation 21) which tell us what part of the incident wave is reflected and what part is transmitted. It just so happens to be that for perfect conducters the transmitted part is zero and the reflected part is the same as the incident wave. **No matter what the colour or frequency of the incident light wave is all of it will be reflected if it hits a perfect conductor.** Since silver is nearly a perfect conductor we don't need a very thick layer of it to make a mirror panel. What about the glass above the silver layer then? Well it is there just to keep it from tarnishing. ## Thanks for checking this post out :) # Have a great day! # <center> ~ References ~ </center> <hr> [1] - Griffiths, David J. (2012) - Introduction to Electrodynamics (4th ed.). Addison-Wesley. [2] - [Categories of waves](http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves) [3] - [Fresnel equations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations) P.S. all equations were written by me in LaTeX / Texmaker! |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem","science","technology","education","physics"],"image":["https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX8mJtL2DRRH24ypC39x9xHqwcoPS9wHxcqjWYwAB5TQ7/refleksija.jpg","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVhcEvbdzB1GEzVYm22Fhr3csCBhs1sdHNW42n5vcH7PM/waves.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaJ8onGq5uSpVhRCqe78rGEUZks4yuETm3ZyCzfXpRXoK/wave%20function.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaQuoyX1kkdYkS5qW1NZnNTEzkrYobRkdtct3ZjJSmE3m/general%20wave.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTno6MXqecSHd5u1VzVQAFm5RfXxUqKfq3NYzniifD5wP/sinusoidal%20wave.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSW84aewCFaGpPmwnbQa2VroShNTKfPsgX69Efxi7Z9rm/cos%20wave.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTtcQYUqqjMCoH9oGPdBK7kS2mnz1YEDh8fAxHFxCkVCm/complex%20wave.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdUAtSc86zQvF6NGJ3vqnZCt4F72yYmG2Re7VTfjZEg7x/nabla.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbZjd9CDANqqxYT1bY5VkauMcFf8XZKVquBweCn7p7gKj/grad.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfJbBBCTSqtVKFZTBwfRsdLLcEACeN2hvTrTcN1PBAvk1/div.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVB9jvC7pxP5yGgdVEzt49wmjMn8QNDVqoezFfL9T8fLT/rot.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX2DRZPTGPfZbpnCQPENBfFRBCpdXy5HmSKCmBNvzcgA8/fund%20div.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYkmYPDBy8Azztj6gt2K6KjXF1G93E74xoWdsFFZ36XHS/fund%20rot.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWkYp3TXjPAQ3gJkrA2xdiPA4okUQEdP5d9GgNJJ7jNr1/maxwell%20vakum.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeXHvzx326xZL1bfnR4fRbqpZTXrAUMBgjsBPHQjvL1Pe/maxwell%20matter.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdEbrwkhrqWeCyW1s9X2FyVXLXLESZAsWpPZ6PGM21cZK/curl%20of%20curl.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcEG795u9VgwHL8bg8RWDDPJVfE38s2XjN8DX1hQz23CF/Eval.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRG6zs1b3n99vSqrdKyQbU3EqQRh7S6wfTKHZL1ifZmFw/c.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeh4ZbjneQ1TcBdRSuq1iYXVRvxD8nrZan9ki2wuQq5kn/EM%20valovi.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYGcXkwHHQPoxkDyxfQUukqTPi1YBakPnfLWDo2xvdMYA/Eval%20metal.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWEHP9FDCZZDRGFgZknsz6bBR53E6b8e558GmKvuLfCqP/em%20valovi%20metal.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYDyFr2Y3ysANUzghHPWiCiw3TGirXUZcSfeoDbpB6Tq3/k.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbDmTERME1dniMbTfaDvXfbEDqXi3aRRhGAJojcpGZvph/upadni.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLfnNkyU2PHJypbHMJhMpLHodzc59yboiUY81sBVs8nh/incident.png","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUTipsvu12MGrvpMJaR7TyjiteVBhc5eUfALsx3ANX2ER/reflected.jpg","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdbPsqWhjW1gs8XmDzRLKVZifuD2z1X6QV8BU1vRRHWeG/transmitted.jpg","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmenNer31pEF4KUSi91qSaMZtam7pB9vt9Bhn9uMFbyUkH/uvjet.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSjWu6jrXZFYkyj5JnrtfeaSnPLFQNbUp3VCvCDZHTaNS/fresnel.PNG","https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYLppmhZQV1sszpD5nzGFEqmVWUyejFjyaYaqNX1D6fE4/beta.PNG"],"links":["https://pixabay.com/en/mirroring-ball-reflection-mirror-711926/","http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabla_symbol","https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/183465/what-is-an-ohmic-conductor","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations"],"app":"steemit/0.1","format":"markdown"} |
| parent author | |
| parent permlink | steemstem |
| permlink | how-do-mirrors-work |
| title | How do mirrors work? |
| Transaction Info | Block #24603907/Trx a0cbf4add7c5db617833bed534f72d8102a8e8d3 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24603907,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"body": "# <center> ~ Introduction ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nEveryday we come across mirrors or similar reflective surfaces and we take it for granted because we are used to seeing them. But why are some surfaces reflective and others not? Could it be the smoothness of the surface itself? Well I could argue it plays a certian role but we have all seen smooth pieces of wood or plastic which surely aren't reflective as a mirror is. So if it isn't purely a question of smoothness of a material, what could be the answer?\n<center>\n\n[Fig1: Reflective sphere](https://pixabay.com/en/mirroring-ball-reflection-mirror-711926/)\n</center>\n\nI have thought about different approaches to explaining this \"phenomnena\" and I have decided to give two explanations:\n- a short, purely descriptive explanation where you will need to take some things for granted and just believe me (skip all the way down to **Short answer**)\n- one more detailed and mathematically complex explanation where we will need to cover certian calculus theorems and physical laws\n\nBoth of these explanations result in powerful conclusions which in return give us the answer to why some surfaces are reflective and others are not, but first of all we need to set some basic principles and realise what we are actually dealing with when talking about mirrors. Don't get me wrong. I'm not saying that only mirrors are reflective - I can easily see my reflection on water surfaces or turned off smartphone screens, etc... But these reflections are usually dark and not very clear as opposed to images mirrors and similar sufraces produce.\n<hr>\n\n# <center> ~ Light ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nWe are all familiar with the basic concepts of light. We can see during the day because the Sun is shining light down on us, but if there is no light, well... then of course we can't see. Our eyes are complex light detectors and every colour our eyes can detect belongs to the visible part of the \"light spectrum\". More generally, light is a electromagnetic wave and the visible part of it is just a small fraction of the whole electromagnetic spectrum. It is important to keep in mind that light also shows a wave-particle duality but I will mostly be interested in its wave form.\n\nSo what is a \"wave\"? One of the most common descriptions of a wave describes it as a *disturbance of a continuous medium that propagates with a fixed shape at constant velocity*, and there are two types of waves:\n\n- Longitudinal - particles in the medium oscilate parallel to the direction the wave itself is propagating.\n- Transversal - particles in the medium oscilate perpendicular to the direction the wave itself is propagating.\n<center>\n\n[Fig2: Difference between two types of waves](http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves)\n</center>\n\nWaves propagate energy - for example you can generate waves on water surface by throwing a rock. These waves are a combination of the aformentioned two types and they propagate mechanical energy. As we all know these waves can cause extreme damage if they are high and fast enough.\n\nI would now like to introduce a little bit of mathematical notation used to describe these waves in space and their evolution in time. The general linear partial differential equation of second order which describes a wave propagating in the z-direction is given by:\n<center>\n\nEq1: Classical wave equation\n</center>\n\nwhere \"v\" represents the speed of propagation, \"z\" direction of propagation, \"t\" time and where \"f\" is a funciton of the form:\n<center>\n\nEq2: A general wave form\n</center>\nThis is the most general way a wave traveling in z-direction can be described. In case of a sinusodial wave (Figure 3) this wave function \"f\" can be written via trigonometric functions sin(), cos() or even their combination.\n<center>\n\nFig3: Sinusoidal wave. Source: ref [1]\n</center>\n\n<center>\n\nEq3: Trigonometric wave form\n</center>\n\nSome new variables were introduced in equation 3. The wave number \"k\" is related to the wave lenght in such a way that when \"z\" advances by 2π /wavelenght, the cosine executes one complete cycle. \"A\" represents the amplitude of the wave and \"omega\" represents the angular frequency and is related to ordinary frequency of the wave. The [Euler's formula](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula) allows us to introduce the complex notation of a wave given by:\n\n<center>\n\nEq4: Complex wave function - Planar wave\n</center>\n\nwhere \"i\" is the imaginary unit and where any value with tilde is a complex value or function.\nEquation 4 is the most useful way of mathematically describing waves, atleast for planar light waves propagating in z-direction. I will be using this wave formulation from now on.\n\n\nLet me jump back to light for a second. I stated that a wave is a disturbance of a continuous medium that propagates with a fixed shape at constant velocity but we know that light can propagate through the emptiness of vacuum. We can see stars at night but the question is how... How can this be? How can a wave propagate through nothing at all? What is this medium that light seems to \"disturb\" in order to propagate? Well that is a long but interesting story about the idea of universal Ether which was debunked in the early 20th century - but I will leave this for some other time. For now it is enough to say that light is a \"special kind\" of wave - it doesn't need a medium to propagate in. That is partialy where the wave-particle duality of light comes into play.\n\n# <center> ~ Additional mathematical notation ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nIn further analysis we will need a little bit of differential calculus but I won't go into too much detail. I just want to cover some basic concepts and not how we can come to them.\nI want to begin with the use of [nabla differential operator](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabla_symbol) which allows us to write seemingly complicating formulas into more compact forms.\n\n<center> **Differential calculus** </center>\n\n<center>\n\nFig4: Nabla operator in Cartesian coordinates\n</center>\n\nIt consists of first order derivatives by spatial coordinates where each derivative is coupled with its unit vector. For example, let \"T\" be some scalar field representing room temperature. \"T\" being a scalar field meens that every point in space (in this imagined room) has its own value T(x,y,z) -> a scalar value for example 22 degrees Celsius. If we use the nabla operator on this scalar field \"T\" we get:\n\n <center>\n\nEq5: Gradient of T\n</center>\n\nWe call this the **gradient** of \"T\". The gradient is a vector quantity which points in the direction of fastest change in \"T\"! \nNow imagine we have some other field \"v\". Let \"v\" be a vector field, for example representing speed of water flow in some imagined pipe. Each point inside the pipe has its own little vector quantity v(x,y,z) - speed of that bit of water.\nSince both nabla and v are vector quantities we can multiply them in two ways: dot product or cross product. The first one gives us:\n\n <center>\n\nEq6: Divergence of v\n</center>\n\nWe call this the **divergence** of \"v\". The divergence is a scalar quantity which is a measure of how much the vector \"v\" spreads out (diverges) from the point in question.\nThe cross product gives us:\n\n <center>\n\nEq7: Curl of v\n</center>\nThis one looks really ugly but it's really only importatnt to know the basic concept of **curl**. It is a measure of how much the vector \"v\" swirls around the point in question.\n<hr>\n\n<center> **The Fundamental Theorem for Divergences** </center>\n <center>\n\nEq8: Gauss’s theorem\n</center>\n\nThe Fundamental Theorem for Divergences or more often called the Gauss's theorem states that the integral of a derivative (divergence) over a region (volume V) is equal to the value of the function at the boundary (surface S that bounds the volume).\n>If v represents the flow of an incompressible fluid,\nthen the flux of v is the total amount of fluid passing out\nthrough the surface, per unit time. Now, the divergence measures the “spreading\nout” of the vectors from a point—a place of high divergence is like a “faucet,”\npouring out liquid. Sourse: ref [1]\n\nFor example... If we have a faucet inside some volume V than the water coming out of the faucet (water being \"created\" in volume V) is the same as the amount of water leaving the border of volume V (if we suppose that water is incompressible).\n<hr>\n\n<center> **The Fundamental Theorem for Curls** </center>\n <center>\n\nEq9: Stokes' theorem\n</center>\n\nThe Fundamental Theorem for Curls or more often called the Stokes' theorem states that the integral of the curl over some surface (the flux of the curl through that surface) which represents the “total amount of swirl,” can be determined just as well by going around the edge of that surface and finding how much the flow is following the boundary.\n\nThese theorems (and a few more subtleties) will allow us to manipulate Maxwell's equations into something more tangible and more relevant for uncovering why mirrors reflect so much light and so many colours.\n\n\n# <center> ~ Maxwell's equations ~ </center>\n<hr>\nMaxwell's equations are a set of four partial differential equations that encompass the field of classical electrodynamics as a whole. In theory they are (along with Lorentz force law) containing everything you need to dissasemble and understand electromagnetism and light itself. \n\n <center>\n\nFig5: Differential form of Maxwell's equations in vacuum. Source: ref [1]\n</center>\n\n**First Maxwell's equation** (called Gauss's law) togehter with Gauss's theorem states that the total flux of an electric field \"E\" through enclosed surface S is solely determined by the total enclosed electric charge \"q\" (in the right side of equation (i) the greek letter rho represents the charge density).\n**Second Maxwell's equation** together with Gauss's theorem states that the total flux of an magnetic field \"B\" through enclosed surface S is always zero which means that there are no magnetic monopoles. Imagined magnetic monopole could produce such a magnetic field \"B\" which would \"escape\" from some volume and never return. Second Maxwell's equation states that any magnetic field lines that exit the surface must return and reenter thus canceling the total flux.\n**Third Maxwell's equation** (called Faraday’s law) together with Stokes' theorem states that a changing magnetic field \"B\" induces a circular electric field \"E\" connecting the two fields.\n**Fourth Maxwell's equation** (Ampère’s law + Maxwell's correction) states that a magnetic field \"B\" can be created by some arbitraty electric current given by the current density \"j\" and/or by a changing electric field \"E\"\n\nFigure 5 represents Maxwell's equations in vacuum with a occasional local electric charge density or electric current. But in reality we mostly deal with materials of all sorts.\nSome external electric field can act upon a electric charge by the electrostatic force proportional to the charge itself and the \"strenght\" of the field. Positive electric charges are pushed in the direction of a electric field, and negative electric charges are pushed in the opposite direction of the field. Since all atoms are made of positive core and negative electron cloud than exposing these atoms to external electric fields can pull the positive core to one side and the negative electron cloud to the other. This is called an induced electric dipole and it creates its own electric field. Since there are millions and millions of atoms in any material, these effects are not negligible. This effect is called polarization.\n\nSimilar thing applies for magnetic fields. Each and every atom with unpaired electrons has its own magnetic moment which arises from electrons spin. If all electrons are paired that the effect is a little bit different but its results are similar. In a external magnetic field, these magnetic dipoles align (anti)parallel to the external magnetic field thus changing it. This is called magnetization. As a result of magnetization, there are two effects. Paramagnetism (parallel to the external magnetic field) and diamagnetism (antiparallel to the external magnetic field).\n\nWithout too much detail I wanted to show that if we are dealing with electric and magnetic fields in materials then these materials alter the original fields. If the effects of polarization and magnetization are taken into account that new fields can be defined to allow us to rewrite Maxwell's equation in more compact form which applies to electrodynamics in matter.\n\n<center>\n\nFig6: Differential form of Maxwell's equations in matter. Source: ref [1]\n</center>\n\n\"D\" hides away the original electric field \"E\" plus the effects of polarization and is called the electric displacement. \n\"H\" hides away the original magnetic field \"B\" plus the effects of magnetization and is often called \"true\" magnetic field or magnetic induction (I don't like this name since it has little to do with the effects of magnetic induction).\nThese Maxwell's equations tell the same story as those in vacuum but now we are dealing with **free** charges and **free** currents. The word **free** here means that these electric charges are not confined to one atom. They are not **bound** to a certian place of matter. If we are dealing with dielectrics or insulators then there are no free charges but if we are dealing with conductors then there certinally are some.\n\n\n\n\n# <center> ~ Waves in vacuum and matter ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nFirst of all let us untangle Maxwell's equations (figure 5) in vacuum. We will be using the following identity:\n\n<center>\n\nEq10: Curl of Curl identity\n</center>\n\nIf we apply the curl operator to the thrid Maxwell's equation we can use equation 10 for the left side, and on the right side we get the derivative of curl of the magnetic field \"B\". Now we can use the first (where rho is zero) and fourth (where \"j\" is zero) Maxwell's equation to neaten this up and what we get is something of a familiar form.\n\n<center>\n\nEq11: Second order differential equation for E\n</center>\n\nWhat we see here is a classical wave equation (equation 1) but instead of it being in z-direction, this one is more general.\nSame can be proven for the magnetic field \"B\" by applying the curl to the fourth Maxwell's equation and so on.\nSo Maxwell’s equations imply that empty space supports the propagation of electromagnetic waves, traveling at a speed: \n\n<center>\n\nEq12: Speed of electromagnetic waves in vacuum. Speed of light\n</center>\n\nWe have now shown that Maxwell's equations allow wave-like solutions which means that the electric field \"E\" and magnetic field \"B\" can be written in the form of equation 4. It can also be shown that electromagnetic waves are transversal waves (\"E\" and \"B\" oscilate perpendicular to the direction of propagation). It can also be shown that \"E\" and \"B\" are always mutually perpendicular so if \"E\" is in x-direction then it follows that \"B\" is in the y-direction. Few more interesting results can be pulled out of Maxwell's equations but I don't want to go into too much detail. The amplitude of \"B\" can be rewriten in terms of amplitude of \"E\" and the speed of light which allows us to write \"E\" and \"B\" as:\n\n<center>\n\nEq13: Electric and magnetic component of electromagnetic waves in vacuum\n</center>\n\nSo far we have been dealing with EM waves in vacuum. But what if we are in some kind of conductive matter. This means that free charge density and free current is not exactly zero. We can no longer unravel Maxwell's equations neatly because now equation 10 doesn't help us too much since divergence of \"E\" is no longer zero.\nIt can be shown that in so called [Ohmic conducters](https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/183465/what-is-an-ohmic-conductor) (and most real conducters are ohmic conducters) this free charge density goes to zero if we let some time pass. All excess free charge accumulates on the surface leaving the interior free charge density = 0. This allows us to use equation 10 in a somewhat useful way. The free current density \"J\" does not usually go to zero so the only difference is made by the fourth Maxwell's equation.\n\nSame as before - if we apply the curl operator to the forth Maxwell's equation and with the use of equation 10 we can arrive to classical wave equations, but now for conductors:\n\n<center>\n\nEq14: Second order differential equation for E in conductors\n</center>\n\nAgain, what we have now is a classical wave equation (equation 1) but instead of it being in z-direction, this one is more general. But there is now one mayor difference. Comparing this to equation 1 we can see that the speed of propagation is now a complex number! Since wave number \"k\" is related to the speed of propagation (angular frequency = wave number * speed of propagation) now even \"k\" is a complex number! The greek letter sigma symbolizes the electric conductivity.\nAgain \"E\" and \"B\" can be written as wave functions where now we have complex values:\n\n<center>\n\nEq15: Electric and magnetic component of electromagnetic waves in conductors\n</center>\n\nThese equations will be used to show why mirrors reflect so much incident light and such a wide spectrum of colours unlike other materials.\nThe complex wave number \"k\" can be \"pulled out\" from complex speed and written as:\n\n<center>\n\nEq16: Complex wave number\n</center>\n\nWe can see that this complex wave number is related to the electric conductivity of matter and is proportional to it. Wave number \"k\" being a complex value causes waves to deteriorate inside conductors - they \"die out\". This will be very important for our case.\n\n\n# <center> ~ Fresnel equations ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nIn the last section I tried to show how electromagnetic waves can be mathematically written when we observe them in conducting matter. Now we will look at what happens when some electromagnetic wave comes from vacuum or some insulator and hits a conducting surface. After all that is what is happening everyday around us. Light travels through air and for some reason reflects off some surfaces better and for some surfaces worse.\n\nLet us observe the following situation:\n\n<center>\n\nFig7: Incident, reflected and transmitted wave\n</center>\n\nOn the left we have a insulator and on the right we have a conductor. From the left arrives some incident electromagnetic wave and hits the surface head on. The incident wave (in insulator) can be written as:\n\n<center>\n\nEq17: Incident electromagnetic wave\n</center>\n\nLet's assume that a portion of this incident wave is reflected where it came from. So the reflected wave (still in insulator) can be written as:\n\n<center>\n\nEq18: Reflected electromagntic wave\n</center>\n\nAnd lastly let's assume that a portion of this incident wave managed to punch through and continue its propagation to the right. This transmitted wave (now in conducting matter) can be written with complex values:\n\n<center>\n\nEq19: Transmited electromagnetic wave\n</center>\n\nIf we call everything happening on the left side \"1\" and everything happening on the right side \"2\" then at the border between these regions it must be true that:\n\n<center>\n\nEq20: Condition at the boundary\n</center>\n\nwhere index \"0\" implies we are talking about amplitudes. This must hold true and is almost intuitive since we can't expect a sudden jump in this amplitude when crossing the boundary. \nEquation 19 (along with few sundries which arise from Maxwell's equation) gives us the following equations:\n\n<center>\n\nEq21: Fresnel equations for perpendicular incidence\n</center>\n\nThese equations tell us what part of the incident wave is reflected and what part of it is transmitted. We can see that the reflected and the transmitted part is written in terms of the incident wave and a new complex constant beta. This complex constant beta holds the key to our answer! \n\n<center>\n\nEq22: Complex constant\n</center>\n\nThis constant consists of all sorts of stuff. It contains constants of permeability (depents on the material), speeds of propagation and most importantly - the complex wave number. If we jump back to equation 16 we can see that this complex number is proportional with electric conductivity of matter. \nWhat if we are dealing with perfect conducters? What would even be a perfect conducter? Well it would be some kind of matter which wouldn't resist to any electrical currents. It's electric conductivity would be infinite. \nSo let's see what happens if we take that electric conductivity (omega) goes to infinity. From equation 16 we see that \"k\" also goes to infinity. If \"k\" goes to infinity then according to equation 22, beta also goes to infinity. According to Fresnel equations (equation 21) we can see that if beta goes to infinity then the transmited amplitude goes to zero and reflected amplitude becomes same as the amplitude of the incident wave **irregardless** of its wavelenght or frequency!\n\nWe can now see that **no matter what frequency / wavelenght of the incident wave actually is - everything will be reflected off of perfect conductors!** That is why we see ourselves so clearly in mirrors.\nIn reality there are no perfect conductors but some materials come close to it. Silver for example is a great conductor which is why it is used for mirrors. In practice, you paint a thin coating of silver onto the back of a pane of glass (the glass has nothing to do with the reflection; it’s just there to support the silver and to keep it from tarnishing). \nSilver is such a good conductor that the incident electromagnetic waves / light only penetrates is a few hundred atom lenghts. That is why we don't need a very thick layer.\n\nI hope I managed to transfer some of my enthusiasm to you and that you find this as astonishing as I do :).\nCheers!\n\n\n\n\n# <center> ~ Short answer ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\nWe are all familiar with everyday concept of light. Everyday we observe that some things reflect light better than others. For example, my reflection in my smartphone screen is very dark and not very clear, but my reflection in mirror is basically a carbon copy of myself. What is it that mirrors posses and smartphone screens don't?\nIn the past it was not known exaclty what light actually is... It wasn't know if its speed is infinite or finite, and if it is finite than what speed does it travel at? All of these questions got their answer with the unification of the theory of electric fields and magnetic fields into electromagnetism and when it was shown that light is a electromagnetic wave.\nElectromagnetism is almost completely \"ruled\" by Maxwell's equations - four differential equations which hold all secrets, tricks and phenomena of the electromagnetic world. From these equations it can be shown that electric and magnetic fields can be written in wave-like forms and many of their relations can be derived from the same equations.\nMaxwell's equations really are powerful stuff!\n\nWith electric and magnetic fields written in terms of waves, one can mathematically begin to try to understand what happens when these waves pass through matter. Well electric and magnetic fields can act upon electric charges or currents by some force (electrostatic force and Lorentz force) and they can induce certian effects in matter which then alter the original electric and magnetic fields! These effects are called (electric) polarization and magnetization.\nThe same effects can be used to rewrite Maxwell's equations more compactly for cases when waves pass through matter - these equations are even more general than the original ones.\n\nIn case where this matter is conductive, these Maxwell's equations open up a whole new set of solutions. Electromagnetic waves in conductors have some new properties. A value called the wave number now becomes a complex value which causes the deterioration of electromagnetic waves in conductive matter. They become less and less powerful and eventually just \"die out\". This is very imporatnt for our topic of intrest beacause it can be shown that this wave number becomes bigger and bigger for better conductors. \n\nLet's return to mirrors for a second... So what is happening? Light is arriving from outside and hits the mirror. This means that we must determine what happens on the point of \"impact\" where light \"touches\" the mirror.\nWhen solving Maxwell's equations at this plane of contact, one can arrive to the so called Fresnel equations (equation 21) which tell us what part of the incident wave is reflected and what part is transmitted. It just so happens to be that for perfect conducters the transmitted part is zero and the reflected part is the same as the incident wave.\n\n**No matter what the colour or frequency of the incident light wave is all of it will be reflected if it hits a perfect conductor.** Since silver is nearly a perfect conductor we don't need a very thick layer of it to make a mirror panel. What about the glass above the silver layer then? Well it is there just to keep it from tarnishing.\n\n\n\n## Thanks for checking this post out :)\n# Have a great day!\n\n# <center> ~ References ~ </center>\n<hr>\n\n[1] - Griffiths, David J. (2012) - Introduction to Electrodynamics (4th ed.). Addison-Wesley.\n[2] - [Categories of waves](http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves)\n[3] - [Fresnel equations](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations)\n\nP.S. all equations were written by me in LaTeX / Texmaker!",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\",\"science\",\"technology\",\"education\",\"physics\"],\"image\":[\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX8mJtL2DRRH24ypC39x9xHqwcoPS9wHxcqjWYwAB5TQ7/refleksija.jpg\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVhcEvbdzB1GEzVYm22Fhr3csCBhs1sdHNW42n5vcH7PM/waves.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaJ8onGq5uSpVhRCqe78rGEUZks4yuETm3ZyCzfXpRXoK/wave%20function.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmaQuoyX1kkdYkS5qW1NZnNTEzkrYobRkdtct3ZjJSmE3m/general%20wave.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTno6MXqecSHd5u1VzVQAFm5RfXxUqKfq3NYzniifD5wP/sinusoidal%20wave.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSW84aewCFaGpPmwnbQa2VroShNTKfPsgX69Efxi7Z9rm/cos%20wave.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmTtcQYUqqjMCoH9oGPdBK7kS2mnz1YEDh8fAxHFxCkVCm/complex%20wave.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdUAtSc86zQvF6NGJ3vqnZCt4F72yYmG2Re7VTfjZEg7x/nabla.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbZjd9CDANqqxYT1bY5VkauMcFf8XZKVquBweCn7p7gKj/grad.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmfJbBBCTSqtVKFZTBwfRsdLLcEACeN2hvTrTcN1PBAvk1/div.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmVB9jvC7pxP5yGgdVEzt49wmjMn8QNDVqoezFfL9T8fLT/rot.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmX2DRZPTGPfZbpnCQPENBfFRBCpdXy5HmSKCmBNvzcgA8/fund%20div.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYkmYPDBy8Azztj6gt2K6KjXF1G93E74xoWdsFFZ36XHS/fund%20rot.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWkYp3TXjPAQ3gJkrA2xdiPA4okUQEdP5d9GgNJJ7jNr1/maxwell%20vakum.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeXHvzx326xZL1bfnR4fRbqpZTXrAUMBgjsBPHQjvL1Pe/maxwell%20matter.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdEbrwkhrqWeCyW1s9X2FyVXLXLESZAsWpPZ6PGM21cZK/curl%20of%20curl.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmcEG795u9VgwHL8bg8RWDDPJVfE38s2XjN8DX1hQz23CF/Eval.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmRG6zs1b3n99vSqrdKyQbU3EqQRh7S6wfTKHZL1ifZmFw/c.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmeh4ZbjneQ1TcBdRSuq1iYXVRvxD8nrZan9ki2wuQq5kn/EM%20valovi.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYGcXkwHHQPoxkDyxfQUukqTPi1YBakPnfLWDo2xvdMYA/Eval%20metal.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmWEHP9FDCZZDRGFgZknsz6bBR53E6b8e558GmKvuLfCqP/em%20valovi%20metal.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYDyFr2Y3ysANUzghHPWiCiw3TGirXUZcSfeoDbpB6Tq3/k.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbDmTERME1dniMbTfaDvXfbEDqXi3aRRhGAJojcpGZvph/upadni.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbLfnNkyU2PHJypbHMJhMpLHodzc59yboiUY81sBVs8nh/incident.png\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmUTipsvu12MGrvpMJaR7TyjiteVBhc5eUfALsx3ANX2ER/reflected.jpg\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmdbPsqWhjW1gs8XmDzRLKVZifuD2z1X6QV8BU1vRRHWeG/transmitted.jpg\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmenNer31pEF4KUSi91qSaMZtam7pB9vt9Bhn9uMFbyUkH/uvjet.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmSjWu6jrXZFYkyj5JnrtfeaSnPLFQNbUp3VCvCDZHTaNS/fresnel.PNG\",\"https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmYLppmhZQV1sszpD5nzGFEqmVWUyejFjyaYaqNX1D6fE4/beta.PNG\"],\"links\":[\"https://pixabay.com/en/mirroring-ball-reflection-mirror-711926/\",\"http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/waves/Lesson-1/Categories-of-Waves\",\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler%27s_formula\",\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabla_symbol\",\"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/183465/what-is-an-ohmic-conductor\",\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_equations\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\",\"format\":\"markdown\"}",
"parent_author": "",
"parent_permlink": "steemstem",
"permlink": "how-do-mirrors-work",
"title": "How do mirrors work?"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T16:00:24",
"trx_id": "a0cbf4add7c5db617833bed534f72d8102a8e8d3",
"trx_in_block": 10,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-kutrysfour-earn-free-crypto-with-fragments-micro-tasks-and-presearch-sesrch-engine-20180722t152928230z2018/07/29 15:29:24
ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-kutrysfour-earn-free-crypto-with-fragments-micro-tasks-and-presearch-sesrch-engine-20180722t152928230z
2018/07/29 15:29:24
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-kutrysfour-earn-free-crypto-with-fragments-micro-tasks-and-presearch-sesrch-engine-20180722t152928230z |
| sbd payout | 0.008 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.009 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 32.432153 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24603286/Virtual Operation #5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24603286,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-kutrysfour-earn-free-crypto-with-fragments-micro-tasks-and-presearch-sesrch-engine-20180722t152928230z",
"sbd_payout": "0.008 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.009 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "32.432153 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T15:29:24",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 5
}2018/07/29 13:22:42
2018/07/29 13:22:42
| amount | 0.038 STEEM |
| from | ulundo |
| to | ulundo |
| Transaction Info | Block #24600754/Trx c604053f8081166778b26bf8d86764e25af2cec6 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24600754,
"op": [
"transfer_to_vesting",
{
"amount": "0.038 STEEM",
"from": "ulundo",
"to": "ulundo"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T13:22:42",
"trx_id": "c604053f8081166778b26bf8d86764e25af2cec6",
"trx_in_block": 37,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.028 STEEM, 0.023 SBD, 0.059 SP2018/07/29 13:21:24
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.028 STEEM, 0.023 SBD, 0.059 SP
2018/07/29 13:21:24
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.023 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.028 STEEM |
| reward vests | 95.270446 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24600728/Trx 727dad2f41c72e00e9483fecc5f2f27c7ff1dec7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24600728,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.023 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.028 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "95.270446 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T13:21:24",
"trx_id": "727dad2f41c72e00e9483fecc5f2f27c7ff1dec7",
"trx_in_block": 29,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-abdghafarbahari-little-dragon-dances-sketching-by-ghafar-bahari-gopa-malaysian-artists-20180722t105143917z2018/07/29 10:51:39
ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-abdghafarbahari-little-dragon-dances-sketching-by-ghafar-bahari-gopa-malaysian-artists-20180722t105143917z
2018/07/29 10:51:39
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-abdghafarbahari-little-dragon-dances-sketching-by-ghafar-bahari-gopa-malaysian-artists-20180722t105143917z |
| sbd payout | 0.008 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.010 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 32.432484 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597733/Virtual Operation #10 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597733,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-abdghafarbahari-little-dragon-dances-sketching-by-ghafar-bahari-gopa-malaysian-artists-20180722t105143917z",
"sbd_payout": "0.008 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.010 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "32.432484 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:51:39",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 10
}ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t104152749z2018/07/29 10:41:48
ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.008 SBD, 0.020 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t104152749z
2018/07/29 10:41:48
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t104152749z |
| sbd payout | 0.008 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.009 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 32.432496 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597536/Virtual Operation #45 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597536,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-jeevanjot-free-byteball-no-fees-to-register-now-claim-yours-usdusd-for-free-guide-with-images-then-earn-more-usdusdusd-20180722t104152749z",
"sbd_payout": "0.008 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.009 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "32.432496 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:41:48",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 45
}ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.007 SBD, 0.019 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-pollobi-get-free-byteballs-today-just-for-having-a-steem-account-usd10-80-in-free-coins-20180722t104054502z2018/07/29 10:40:51
ulundoreceived 0.009 STEEM, 0.007 SBD, 0.019 SP author reward for @ulundo / re-pollobi-get-free-byteballs-today-just-for-having-a-steem-account-usd10-80-in-free-coins-20180722t104054502z
2018/07/29 10:40:51
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-pollobi-get-free-byteballs-today-just-for-having-a-steem-account-usd10-80-in-free-coins-20180722t104054502z |
| sbd payout | 0.007 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.009 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 30.405466 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597517/Virtual Operation #4 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597517,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-pollobi-get-free-byteballs-today-just-for-having-a-steem-account-usd10-80-in-free-coins-20180722t104054502z",
"sbd_payout": "0.007 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.009 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "30.405466 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:40:51",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 4
}2018/07/29 10:37:33
2018/07/29 10:37:33
| author | ruth-girl |
| body | It seems like the cold there is worth it! :P |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z |
| permlink | re-ulundo-re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180729t103721604z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597452/Trx 7fea1019d65b06cadea6ba4d66c871efc966fa65 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597452,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "ruth-girl",
"body": "It seems like the cold there is worth it! :P",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180729t103721604z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:37:33",
"trx_id": "7fea1019d65b06cadea6ba4d66c871efc966fa65",
"trx_in_block": 115,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 10:37:18
2018/07/29 10:37:18
| author | ruth-girl |
| body | It seems like it's worth the cold! :P |
| json metadata | {"tags":["steemstem"],"app":"steemit/0.1"} |
| parent author | ulundo |
| parent permlink | re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z |
| permlink | re-ulundo-re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180729t103721604z |
| title | |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597447/Trx 7d38c2f6904fa0795ef76a5957f1aa0f8796fa62 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597447,
"op": [
"comment",
{
"author": "ruth-girl",
"body": "It seems like it's worth the cold! :P",
"json_metadata": "{\"tags\":[\"steemstem\"],\"app\":\"steemit/0.1\"}",
"parent_author": "ulundo",
"parent_permlink": "re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z",
"permlink": "re-ulundo-re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180729t103721604z",
"title": ""
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:37:18",
"trx_id": "7d38c2f6904fa0795ef76a5957f1aa0f8796fa62",
"trx_in_block": 30,
"virtual_op": 0
}2018/07/29 10:37:00
2018/07/29 10:37:00
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z |
| voter | ruth-girl |
| weight | 300 (3.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24597441/Trx ad2eee2ff09f8fe5b5a98483425acca4110baf93 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24597441,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "re-ruth-girl-bizarre-natural-phenomena-vol-65-mesmerizing-icy-blues-mendenhall-ice-caves-of-alaska-20180727t082135936z",
"voter": "ruth-girl",
"weight": 300
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T10:37:00",
"trx_id": "ad2eee2ff09f8fe5b5a98483425acca4110baf93",
"trx_in_block": 2,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.010 STEEM, 0.010 SBD, 0.022 SP2018/07/29 09:15:15
ulundoclaimed reward balance: 0.010 STEEM, 0.010 SBD, 0.022 SP
2018/07/29 09:15:15
| account | ulundo |
| reward sbd | 0.010 SBD |
| reward steem | 0.010 STEEM |
| reward vests | 36.487414 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24595806/Trx 0057a99d2ab2480f72ba9eef181286109ddf06e2 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24595806,
"op": [
"claim_reward_balance",
{
"account": "ulundo",
"reward_sbd": "0.010 SBD",
"reward_steem": "0.010 STEEM",
"reward_vests": "36.487414 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T09:15:15",
"trx_id": "0057a99d2ab2480f72ba9eef181286109ddf06e2",
"trx_in_block": 42,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.010 SBD, 0.022 SP author reward for @ulundo / mars-north-pole-sandstorm-april-20182018/07/29 00:03:12
ulundoreceived 0.010 STEEM, 0.010 SBD, 0.022 SP author reward for @ulundo / mars-north-pole-sandstorm-april-2018
2018/07/29 00:03:12
| author | ulundo |
| permlink | mars-north-pole-sandstorm-april-2018 |
| sbd payout | 0.010 SBD |
| steem payout | 0.010 STEEM |
| vesting payout | 36.487414 VESTS |
| Transaction Info | Block #24584765/Virtual Operation #5 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24584765,
"op": [
"author_reward",
{
"author": "ulundo",
"permlink": "mars-north-pole-sandstorm-april-2018",
"sbd_payout": "0.010 SBD",
"steem_payout": "0.010 STEEM",
"vesting_payout": "36.487414 VESTS"
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-29T00:03:12",
"trx_id": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
"trx_in_block": 4294967295,
"virtual_op": 5
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @lordneroo / introduction-to-cartography-statistical-surface-and-linear-symbols2018/07/28 22:47:48
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @lordneroo / introduction-to-cartography-statistical-surface-and-linear-symbols
2018/07/28 22:47:48
| author | lordneroo |
| permlink | introduction-to-cartography-statistical-surface-and-linear-symbols |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24583259/Trx 3c24c625bff9abda6ad7783331be767d030e5442 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24583259,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "lordneroo",
"permlink": "introduction-to-cartography-statistical-surface-and-linear-symbols",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-28T22:47:48",
"trx_id": "3c24c625bff9abda6ad7783331be767d030e5442",
"trx_in_block": 14,
"virtual_op": 0
}ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / red-right-hand2018/07/28 11:22:15
ulundoupvoted (100.00%) @divisionbell / red-right-hand
2018/07/28 11:22:15
| author | divisionbell |
| permlink | red-right-hand |
| voter | ulundo |
| weight | 10000 (100.00%) |
| Transaction Info | Block #24569844/Trx 62e5584d44967971e7d4c1af9a2c69218013e6a7 |
View Raw JSON Data
{
"block": 24569844,
"op": [
"vote",
{
"author": "divisionbell",
"permlink": "red-right-hand",
"voter": "ulundo",
"weight": 10000
}
],
"op_in_trx": 0,
"timestamp": "2018-07-28T11:22:15",
"trx_id": "62e5584d44967971e7d4c1af9a2c69218013e6a7",
"trx_in_block": 8,
"virtual_op": 0
}Manabar
Voting Power100.00%
Downvote Power100.00%
Resource Credits100.00%
Reputation Progress59.48%
{
"voting_manabar": {
"current_mana": "8143659806",
"last_update_time": 1779090423
},
"downvote_manabar": {
"current_mana": 2035914951,
"last_update_time": 1779090423
},
"rc_account": {
"account": "ulundo",
"max_rc": "10164408779",
"max_rc_creation_adjustment": {
"amount": "2020748973",
"nai": "@@000000037",
"precision": 6
},
"rc_manabar": {
"current_mana": "10164408779",
"last_update_time": 1779090423
}
}
}Account Metadata
| POSTING JSON METADATA | |
| profile | {"about":"Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto","location":"Croatia","name":"Ulundo","cover_image":"https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg","profile_image":"https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg"} |
| JSON METADATA | |
| profile | {"about":"Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto","location":"Croatia","name":"Ulundo","cover_image":"https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg","profile_image":"https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg"} |
{
"posting_json_metadata": {
"profile": {
"about": "Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto",
"location": "Croatia",
"name": "Ulundo",
"cover_image": "https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg",
"profile_image": "https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg"
}
},
"json_metadata": {
"profile": {
"about": "Physics - Science - Space Exploration - Nature - Music - Crypto",
"location": "Croatia",
"name": "Ulundo",
"cover_image": "https://steemitimages.com/DQmbqXgTkE5Lay5DhgsrXbXP1HAgHu4E1pwaK7YDycu94mq/tao-colors-2_html_4bc2efbe.jpg",
"profile_image": "https://steemitimages.com/DQmX8rgCH2knLFwqKcQBSfjAskF5c4PzWi272qVaKt4TKeo/hqdefault.jpg"
}
}
}Auth Keys
Owner
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5DWV1kxrkPopfADYEm3yUnJn1u7gfg3UKtryQr4XXK5G8QbxiE1/1
Active
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5yVzJrCUCLqt2fR3DS1m3cVPcvu8qYPhy3nBZ8VU275UaKDBYG1/1
Posting
Single Signature
Public Keys
STM5vD3Q52wKhqs8YXoVQXifw7HZU2fQ7nuk64qTE5xepAx4RgLK71/1
Memo
STM7zD345QbidZ6foGqqGmqjQLngFDKA9UoFstV1RgmjWcr6r1z7M
{
"owner": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5DWV1kxrkPopfADYEm3yUnJn1u7gfg3UKtryQr4XXK5G8QbxiE",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"active": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5yVzJrCUCLqt2fR3DS1m3cVPcvu8qYPhy3nBZ8VU275UaKDBYG",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"posting": {
"account_auths": [],
"key_auths": [
[
"STM5vD3Q52wKhqs8YXoVQXifw7HZU2fQ7nuk64qTE5xepAx4RgLK7",
1
]
],
"weight_threshold": 1
},
"memo": "STM7zD345QbidZ6foGqqGmqjQLngFDKA9UoFstV1RgmjWcr6r1z7M"
}Witness Votes
0 / 30
No active witness votes.
[]