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      "body": "A criminal probe into Bitcoin (BTC) price manipulation by crypto traders has been opened by the U.S. Department of Justice (DoJ), Bloomberg reports today, May 24.\n![Screenshot_20180525-035019.png](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbMBXn1icmUdgDa8ygJrTB5rvMTMm7DQXQNSDPUg9Rjah/Screenshot_20180525-035019.png)\nBloomberg cites four unnamed sources close to the matter as reporting that the criminal investigation – run by U.S. federal prosecutors and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) – will look into how traders could have engineered prices by illegal activities like spoofing and wash trading.\n\nSpoofing, the act of creating a large amount of orders and then cancelling them, has come up before in the crypto markets, when an unknown trader or group of traders known as “Spoofy” reportedly placed a number of $1 mln orders without following through. Wash trading, which “Spoofy” also practiced, is when a trader buys their own orders, thus creating the illusion of market demand to attract more buyers.\n\nBloomberg’s sources note that the investigation specifically involves both Bitcoin and Ethereum (ETH).\n\nBoth the Justice Department and the CFTC had not responded to Cointelegraph’s requests for comment by press time.\n\nThe U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) had launched its own investigation into cryptocurrencies back in March, with a number of crypto-related companies like tZero, a subsidiary of the BTC-friendly Overstock.com, falling under the scope of its probe.\n\nMore recently, U.S. and Canadian regulators announced “Operation Crypto Sweep,” a joint effort to root out fraudulent cryptocurrency investment schemes.",
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      "body": "More Americans may move away from traditional finance and into crypto if the the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) relaxes post-2008 financial regulations, according to a study published by Weiss Ratings May 22.\n\n\n\nThe Fed is set to meet on May 30 to consider watering down the “Volcker Rule,” in what would be a major deregulatory move. The relaxing of the “Volcker Rule” would allow thousands of banks to make high risk profit-seeking trades with less government oversight.\n\nIf the Fed’s plans go ahead, increased systemic financial risk could well push citizens to conclude that “cryptocurrencies do a fundamentally better job as a safe depository,” Weiss analysts argue.\n\nAccording to Weiss, banks are lobbying for more freedom to trade speculative assets such as derivatives, whose ownership is “extremely centralized.”\n\n“These potentially toxic assets [such as derivatives] are not simply investments and speculations banks make with their own capital,” but pose risk to clients’ own deposits in the event of another major system crisis, Weiss claims.\n\nWeiss argues that while the public on average assumes that banks provide them with “simple, safe and unencumbered storage for [their] savings,” the reality is that the traditional monetary system – especially if deregulatory momentum sets in – continues to offer banks “rich rewards for excessive risk-taking.”\n\nAs Cointelegraph reported last year, scandals and failures have turned public sentiment against the traditional banking system in the past, with one report finding that as many 92 percent of millennials firmly expressed their distrust of banks.\n\nGeopolitical turbulence is another threat factor, as most recently shown by the dramatic collapse of the Iranian rial in response to the U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear deal. Anticipating renewed U.S. sanctions, Iranian citizens preemptively withdrew $2.5 bln in crypto out of the country.",
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      "body": "More Americans may move away from traditional finance and into crypto if the the U.S. Federal Reserve (Fed) relaxes post-2008 financial regulations, according to a study published by Weiss Ratings May 22.\n\n\n\nThe Fed is set to meet on May 30 to consider watering down the “Volcker Rule,” in what would be a major deregulatory move. The relaxing of the “Volcker Rule” would allow thousands of banks to make high risk profit-seeking trades with less government oversight.\n\nIf the Fed’s plans go ahead, increased systemic financial risk could well push citizens to conclude that “cryptocurrencies do a fundamentally better job as a safe depository,” Weiss analysts argue.\n\nAccording to Weiss, banks are lobbying for more freedom to trade speculative assets such as derivatives, whose ownership is “extremely centralized.”\n\n“These potentially toxic assets [such as derivatives] are not simply investments and speculations banks make with their own capital,” but pose risk to clients’ own deposits in the event of another major system crisis, Weiss claims.\n\nWeiss argues that while the public on average assumes that banks provide them with “simple, safe and unencumbered storage for [their] savings,” the reality is that the traditional monetary system – especially if deregulatory momentum sets in – continues to offer banks “rich rewards for excessive risk-taking.”\n\nAs Cointelegraph reported last year, scandals and failures have turned public sentiment against the traditional banking system in the past, with one report finding that as many 92 percent of millennials firmly expressed their distrust of banks.\n\nGeopolitical turbulence is another threat factor, as most recently shown by the dramatic collapse of the Iranian rial in response to the U.S. withdrawal from the nuclear deal. Anticipating renewed U.S. sanctions, Iranian citizens preemptively withdrew $2.5 bln in crypto out of the country.",
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      "body": "Künker Summer 2018 Numismatic Sales\nFour catalogues present the material of the Künker summer auctions from June 18-21, 2018. Among others, the auction will entail the Genaert collection with coins from the Spanish Netherlands, the Popken collection with coins from the House of Welf and the Gunther Wiegrebe collection with coins and medals from Lippe.\n![kuenkersummer2018.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmf4qXJkN3rpeU2vZJPGiNHEoyf2E8JJSJTumXUVGsmK1q/kuenkersummer2018.jpg)\n\nAs every year, Künker will present its summer auctions before the summer break. This time, there are four catalogues with 4,577 lots estimated at 5.7 million euros.\n\nThree special collections will be sold.\n\nThe first lots of auction 307 stem from the Genaert collection featuring coins from the Spanish Netherlands.\n\nAuction 308 will entail coins and medals of the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection.\n\nThe next auction 309 offers the Gunther Wiegrebe collection with coins from Lippe. Collectors will also find a great variety of coins and medals from the German States, Germany after 1871 and world coins.\n\nCatalogue 310 offers a large series of modern Chinese coins and Russian coins as well as world Gold coins and medals.\n\nAuction 307: The Genaert collection – Foreign coins and medals\nKünker likes to describe itself as “The house of minted history”. The extensive Genaert collection, which concentrates on coins from the Spanish Netherlands, illustrates just what that means.\n\nWith almost 1,000 lots, the collector has documented the history of this rich but torn land that is nowadays divided between Belgium, Luxemburg, France and Germany. The temporal spectrum reaches from the Celtic antiquity to the French Revolution. The richness of the material will even surprise those who know that Brabant and Flanders were economic centres of Europe at the time.\n\nWe will encounter all important cities and princes from Brabant, Flanders, the Hainaut and the surrounding territories. From Charles the Bold to Maria Theresa, from the most precious gold coins of the Hundred Year’s War to the siege money of the Eighty Years’ War.\n\nEstimates range from 50 euros to 10,000 euros.\n\nCoins from foreign countries\nThe second part of this sale will be world coins and medals featuring great rarities. There are some great treasures from Poland and Transylvania, for instance, a very fine reichstaler from Bromberg 1627 of King Sigismund III from Poland. The obverse shows the king’s crowned monogram in a laurel wreath. (No. 1186, estimate: 35,000 euros). Another interesting lot is a hexagonal reichstaler klippe from Transylvania by Michael Apafi from the year 1663 (No. 1267, estimate: 30,000 euros).\n\nLet us go to the overseas territories: We will see a reales de a ocho from 1758. The coin, which was minted under Ferdinando VI in today’s Chilean Santiago, is remarkable because it is an exceptionally well-preserved specimen that shows the entire die on the planchet. (No. 1272, estimate: 25,000 euros).\n\nThe catalogue ends with about 100 lots of coins and medals from the house of Habsburg. If you are interested in this subject, you can look forward to numerous highlights, like the first guldiner from 1486 in almost extremely fine (No. 1289, estimate: 15,000 euros), a perfect convention taler from 1790 in FDC (No. 1351, estimate: 15,000 euros) an a rare commemorative coin by Franz Joseph on occasion of the opening of the Carl-Ludwig-house on the Raxalpe from 1877 (No. 1364, estimate: 7,500 euros).\n\nNo. 174: Brabant. Philip the Handsome, 1482-1506. Fifth emission, 1489-1492. Quadruple patard 1489, Antwerp, featuring the title of Maximilian I. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 3,000 euros\n\nNo. 240: Brabant. Issues of the revolt against the Spanish rule, 1577-1585. Ecu des Etats 1578, Maastricht. Extremely rare. Very few specimen known. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 2.500 euros\n\nNo. 247: Issues of the Republic of Brabant, 1584-1585. Ecu robustus 1584, Antwerp. Extremely rare. Nearly extremely fine\nEstimate: 10,000 euros\n\nNo. 527: Flanders. Albert and Isabella of Spain, 1598-1621. Third emission. 2 Souverain d’or 1615, Bruges. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 4,000 euros\n\nNo. 703: Rummen. Arnold of Oreye, 1355-1370. Cavalier d’or, no date, Rummen. Extremely rare. Nearly extremely fine\nEstimate: 5,000 euros\n\nNo. 832: Cambrai. In the course of the siege of Alexander Farnese 1581. Uniface klippe valued at 1 ecu. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 2.500 euros\n\nNo. 1079: Haguenau (France / Alsace). Reichstaler 1665, featuring the title of Leopold I. Very rare. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 1186: Poland. Sigismund III, 1587-1632. Reichstaler 1627, Bromberg. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 35,000 euros\n\nNo. 1267: Transylvania. Michael Apafi, 1661-1690. Hexagonal reichstaler klippe 1663, Arx Fogaras. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 1272: Chile. Fernando VI, 1746-1760. 8 reales 1758, Santiago. Extremely rare. Outstanding, well struck specimen. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 1351: Holy Roman Empire. Leopold II, 1790-1792. Konventionstaler 1790 Wien, für Ungarn. Königstaler. Äußerst selten in dieser Erhaltung. Stempelglanz\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nAuction 308: Coins and medals from the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection – German coins and medals from the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era\n461 lots with coins and medals from the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection kick off auction 308. Many coin enthusiasts will be familiar with this collector’s name. His name stands for high quality combined with a great love for history. Consequently, this part of the collection also provides an overview of the fortune of the House of Welf, a ruling dynasty that influences British and German history even today.\n\nThe temporal span of the auction ranges from the High Middle Ages until the death of William in the year 1884, when the Prussians made sure, that the emperor’s brother would rule the rich territory henceforth.\n\nThere are a lot of numismatic highlights like a “Pfaffenfeind” gold gulden from Lippstadt 1622 in\nvery fine (No. 2076, estimate: 15,000 euros), a reichstaler from 1702, almost FDC, featuring the famous physical experiment of Otto of Guericke (No. 2127, estimate: 10,000 euros), a double reichstaler minted in Zellerfeld 1641 on occasion of the demise of George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (No. 2306, estimate: 20,000 euros) or a wonderful, perfectly preserved gold medal at 50 ducats for the widowed Wilhelmine Amalia.\n\nCoins and medals from the German States\nThe afternoon of June 19 is devoted to coins and medals from the German States. Künker certainly has a lot of rarities to offer. One series of rare talers is especially beautiful. Among others, there are talers from Bremen from the year 1602 (No. 2762, estimate: 15,000 euros), Erfurt from the year 1633 with a view of the city (No. 2779, estimate: 10,000 euros), Freiburg no date on occasion of the Treaty of Rastatt in the year 1714 (No. 2789, estimate: 10,000 euros), Henneberg from 1696 from the yield of the Ilmenau mine (No. 2812, estimate: 15,000 euros), Öttingen from the year 1624 (No. 2954, estimate: 10,000 euros), Albrecht von Wallenstein from the year 1627 (No. 3187, estimate: 15,000 euros) and Württemberg from the year 1631 (No. 3210, estimate: 12,500 euros).\n\nYou will find a large selection of double and triple talers: A double reichstaler from Halberstadt 1663 (No. 2799, estimate: 10,000) with only two known specimens, a double Hesse wilhelmstaler from 1789 from Kassel (No. 2812, estimate: 12,500 euros), a whole series of unique and extremely rare double and triple talers by Philip II, Duke of Pomerania from the year 1613 and 1617 (No. 2977-279, estimates: 30,000 / 15,000 / 10,000 euros) and last but not least a double reichstaler 1663 from the County of Regenstein (No. 3022, estimate: 17,500 euros).\n\nThe most expensive piece from the German States is a double convention taler from Saxony 1780, which was meant as a token of diligence. Only 20 specimens were minted (No. 3062, estimate: 35,000 euros).\n\nNo. 2013: Brunswick-Lüneburg. Heinrich der Lange, 1195-1227. Bracteate. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 3,000 euros\n\nNo. 2076: Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Christian, Bishop of Halberstadt, 1617-1626. Gold gulden 1622, Lippstadt “Pfaffenfeindgoldgulden”. Very rare. Very fine +\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 2127: Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Rudolf August and Anton Ulrich, 1685-1704. Reichstaler 1702, Goslar. On the breakup of the fraternal unity. Very rare. Nearly FDC\nEstimate: 10,000 euros\n\nNo. 2306: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. George, 1636-1641. Double reichstaler 1641, Zellerfeld, on his death. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 20,000 euros\n\nNo. 2340: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. Ernst August, 1679-1698. Gold offstrike of the taler die, no date (1691), Zellerfeld. Extremely rare. Nearly FDC\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 2379: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. Wilhelmine Amalie, daughter of Johann Friedrich, spouse of emperor Joseph I. Gold medal in the weight of 50 ducats, no date (1713), of A. di Gennaro. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 2762: Bremen. Reichstaler 1602. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 2977: Pomerania-Stettin. Philip II, 1606-1618. Triple reichstaler 1613, Stettin. Unique? Very fine\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 3062: Saxony. Friedrich August III (I), 1763-1806-1827. Double konventionstaler 1780, Dresden. Only 20 specimens struck. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 35,000 euros\n\nAuction 309: The Gunther Wiegrebe collection: Coins and medals from the counts and princes of Lippe / German coins from 1871\nGunther Wiegrebe came from Barntrup, a city with 9,000 inhabitants in the district of Lippe.\n\nThe district arose from the former principality and it still has a special administrative position to this day. The people of Lippe are said to have a great sense of tradition. Therefore it is not surprising that Gunther Wiegrebe decided to continue his father’s coin collection with coins from Lippe. The small collection turned into a big one. It will be auctioned at Künker’s on June 20, 2018.\n\nThe largest part of the collection consists of coins and medals from the count or the prince of Lippe. The temporal spectrum reaches from the medieval coins of Hermann II (1197-1229) to the end of World War I. Everyone is welcome to bid. Estimates begin as low as 50 euros.\n\nGreat rarities will certainly call for larger sums. One very rare, very fine 2/3 taler dated 1683 for instance is estimated at 5,000 euros, just like a very rare ducat from Detmold 1711 in extremely fine. It was minted by Friedrich Adolf (1697-1718), who also minted the two most expensive lots of the collection, an octagonal 1 1/4 reichtalerklippe from 1715 in extremely fine and a reichstaler from 1716 with a marvellous portrait also extremely fine. Both coins are estimated at 6,000 euros.\n\nGerman coins since 1871\nAn extensive part of the Wiegrebe collection is devoted to the German States and coins from the German Empire. With that we have already arrived at the second part of the catalogue, which features German coins minted after the Founding of the German Empire in 1871. Be it silver or gold, there are numerous rarities in splendid condition, like a Bavarian golden wedding from 1918 (estimate: 30,000 euros) and Frederick the Wise (50,000 euros).\n\nNo. 4160: Lippe. Simon Heinrich, 1666-1697. 24 mariengroschen (2/3 taler) 1683 (struck in 1683/84), Detmold. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 5,000 euros\n\nNo. 4218: Lippe. Friedrich Adolf, 1697-1718. Octogonal klippe in the weight of 1 1/4 reichstaler 1715, Detmold. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 6,000 euros\n\nNo. 4227: Lippe. Friedrich Adolf, 1697-1718. Reichstaler 1716, Detmold. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 6,000 euros\n\nNo. 5064: German Empire. Bavaria. Ludwig III, 1913-1918. 3 mark 1918. On the golden wedding of the Bavarian royal couple. Very rare. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 5240: German Empire. Saxony. Friedrich August III, 1904-1918. 3 mark 1917. Friedrich der Weise. Rarest silver coin of the German Empire. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 50,000 euros\n\nAuction 310: Chinese coins / Gold world coins / Russian coins and medals\nThe last day of the auction starts with a series of modern Chinese coins. Experts will discover numerous rare coins which were only minted in small mintages, like the set of five 100 yuan coins from 1992 “Inventions and discoveries of the ancient world” with a mintage of 1,000 specimens (No. 6027, estimate: 15,000 euros) or another 100 yuan coin from 1995, of which only 1,000 were minted, that shows the Six Harmonies Pagoda in Hangzhou on the reverse (No. 6044, estimate: 7,500 euros).\n\nThe section gold world coins features s a lot of treasures. One outstanding coin is the almost extremely fine triple unite of the English king Charles I, minted in 1644 in Oxford (No. 6144, estimate: 50,000 euros).\n\nCollectors of the Casa Savoia can look forward to a wonderfully preserved gold medal at 15 ducats. It was minted on occasion of the wedding of Maria Theresa and Charles II, Duke of Parma and it shows the portrait of the bride’s parents and the wedding couple (No. 6161, estimate: 25,000 euros).\n\nIt is also worth taking a glance at the overseas section. One should mention the famous “Adelaide Pound” from 1852 for example, which was the first Australian gold coin (No. 6217, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nThe Habsburg Dynasty is represented by a number of rarities. Let us begin with a broad real d’or, minted in 1487 for Maximilian I in Dordrecht (No. 6268, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nAnother highlight is a double ducat from 1727 minted by order of Leopold I from the yield of the mine in Eule (Bohemia) (No. 6279, estimate: 25,000 euros). The most expensive coin of the series with an estimate of 50,000 euros is a quadruple ducat by Maria Theresa in almost extremely fine, which was minted in Karlsburg in 1779.\n\nThere are also great rarities among the Mediatized Houses, like the quintuple ducat by Franz von Dietrichstein, archbishop of Olmütz (No. 6400, estimate: 20,000 euros) and the quintuple ducat by Christoph Widmann, cardinal of Ortenburg, minted in St. Veit in 1656 (No. 6419, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nAnd thus we will move on to the gold rarities of the German States. You will immediately notice an extremely rare ducat of margrave William of Baden-Baden on the first page (No. 6425, estimate: 30,000 euros). Another extremely rare specimen is a gold gulden of William IV and Ludwig of Bavaria (1516-1545) in extremely fine to FDC (No. 6443, estimate: 15,000 euros).\n\nFrom A like Augsburg to W like Würzburg, one desirable coin or medal chases the next one.\n\nBe it Prussia with a gold medal at 5 ducats from 1741 to honour Frederick II by the Silesian estates (No. 6519, estimate: 15,000 euros), be it Hohenlohe with an extremely fine ducat of 1610 (No. 6607, estimate: 20,000 euros) be it Passau with a double ducat from 1701 (No. 6645, estimate: 20,000 euros) or Pomerania with a gold gulden for the Pomeranian Union of 1478 (No. 6652, estimate: 25,000 euros) – there are rarities from all German territories.\n\nLet us conclude our preview with a glance at the 143 lots from Russia. Of course there is a lot to see here, too. Just have a look at the title image, a quintuple ruble from Elizabeth from Moscow 1758 in extremely fine + (No. 7014, estimate: 12,500 euros) or a gold medal at 12 ducats from 1831, awarded for scientific research (No. 7065, estimate: 20,000 euros).",
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      "body": "Künker Summer 2018 Numismatic Sales\nFour catalogues present the material of the Künker summer auctions from June 18-21, 2018. Among others, the auction will entail the Genaert collection with coins from the Spanish Netherlands, the Popken collection with coins from the House of Welf and the Gunther Wiegrebe collection with coins and medals from Lippe.\n![kuenkersummer2018.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmf4qXJkN3rpeU2vZJPGiNHEoyf2E8JJSJTumXUVGsmK1q/kuenkersummer2018.jpg)\n\nAs every year, Künker will present its summer auctions before the summer break. This time, there are four catalogues with 4,577 lots estimated at 5.7 million euros.\n\nThree special collections will be sold.\n\nThe first lots of auction 307 stem from the Genaert collection featuring coins from the Spanish Netherlands.\n\nAuction 308 will entail coins and medals of the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection.\n\nThe next auction 309 offers the Gunther Wiegrebe collection with coins from Lippe. Collectors will also find a great variety of coins and medals from the German States, Germany after 1871 and world coins.\n\nCatalogue 310 offers a large series of modern Chinese coins and Russian coins as well as world Gold coins and medals.\n\nAuction 307: The Genaert collection – Foreign coins and medals\nKünker likes to describe itself as “The house of minted history”. The extensive Genaert collection, which concentrates on coins from the Spanish Netherlands, illustrates just what that means.\n\nWith almost 1,000 lots, the collector has documented the history of this rich but torn land that is nowadays divided between Belgium, Luxemburg, France and Germany. The temporal spectrum reaches from the Celtic antiquity to the French Revolution. The richness of the material will even surprise those who know that Brabant and Flanders were economic centres of Europe at the time.\n\nWe will encounter all important cities and princes from Brabant, Flanders, the Hainaut and the surrounding territories. From Charles the Bold to Maria Theresa, from the most precious gold coins of the Hundred Year’s War to the siege money of the Eighty Years’ War.\n\nEstimates range from 50 euros to 10,000 euros.\n\nCoins from foreign countries\nThe second part of this sale will be world coins and medals featuring great rarities. There are some great treasures from Poland and Transylvania, for instance, a very fine reichstaler from Bromberg 1627 of King Sigismund III from Poland. The obverse shows the king’s crowned monogram in a laurel wreath. (No. 1186, estimate: 35,000 euros). Another interesting lot is a hexagonal reichstaler klippe from Transylvania by Michael Apafi from the year 1663 (No. 1267, estimate: 30,000 euros).\n\nLet us go to the overseas territories: We will see a reales de a ocho from 1758. The coin, which was minted under Ferdinando VI in today’s Chilean Santiago, is remarkable because it is an exceptionally well-preserved specimen that shows the entire die on the planchet. (No. 1272, estimate: 25,000 euros).\n\nThe catalogue ends with about 100 lots of coins and medals from the house of Habsburg. If you are interested in this subject, you can look forward to numerous highlights, like the first guldiner from 1486 in almost extremely fine (No. 1289, estimate: 15,000 euros), a perfect convention taler from 1790 in FDC (No. 1351, estimate: 15,000 euros) an a rare commemorative coin by Franz Joseph on occasion of the opening of the Carl-Ludwig-house on the Raxalpe from 1877 (No. 1364, estimate: 7,500 euros).\n\nNo. 174: Brabant. Philip the Handsome, 1482-1506. Fifth emission, 1489-1492. Quadruple patard 1489, Antwerp, featuring the title of Maximilian I. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 3,000 euros\n\nNo. 240: Brabant. Issues of the revolt against the Spanish rule, 1577-1585. Ecu des Etats 1578, Maastricht. Extremely rare. Very few specimen known. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 2.500 euros\n\nNo. 247: Issues of the Republic of Brabant, 1584-1585. Ecu robustus 1584, Antwerp. Extremely rare. Nearly extremely fine\nEstimate: 10,000 euros\n\nNo. 527: Flanders. Albert and Isabella of Spain, 1598-1621. Third emission. 2 Souverain d’or 1615, Bruges. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 4,000 euros\n\nNo. 703: Rummen. Arnold of Oreye, 1355-1370. Cavalier d’or, no date, Rummen. Extremely rare. Nearly extremely fine\nEstimate: 5,000 euros\n\nNo. 832: Cambrai. In the course of the siege of Alexander Farnese 1581. Uniface klippe valued at 1 ecu. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 2.500 euros\n\nNo. 1079: Haguenau (France / Alsace). Reichstaler 1665, featuring the title of Leopold I. Very rare. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 1186: Poland. Sigismund III, 1587-1632. Reichstaler 1627, Bromberg. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 35,000 euros\n\nNo. 1267: Transylvania. Michael Apafi, 1661-1690. Hexagonal reichstaler klippe 1663, Arx Fogaras. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 1272: Chile. Fernando VI, 1746-1760. 8 reales 1758, Santiago. Extremely rare. Outstanding, well struck specimen. Very fine to extremely fine\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 1351: Holy Roman Empire. Leopold II, 1790-1792. Konventionstaler 1790 Wien, für Ungarn. Königstaler. Äußerst selten in dieser Erhaltung. Stempelglanz\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nAuction 308: Coins and medals from the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection – German coins and medals from the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Era\n461 lots with coins and medals from the House of Welf from the Friedrich Popken collection kick off auction 308. Many coin enthusiasts will be familiar with this collector’s name. His name stands for high quality combined with a great love for history. Consequently, this part of the collection also provides an overview of the fortune of the House of Welf, a ruling dynasty that influences British and German history even today.\n\nThe temporal span of the auction ranges from the High Middle Ages until the death of William in the year 1884, when the Prussians made sure, that the emperor’s brother would rule the rich territory henceforth.\n\nThere are a lot of numismatic highlights like a “Pfaffenfeind” gold gulden from Lippstadt 1622 in\nvery fine (No. 2076, estimate: 15,000 euros), a reichstaler from 1702, almost FDC, featuring the famous physical experiment of Otto of Guericke (No. 2127, estimate: 10,000 euros), a double reichstaler minted in Zellerfeld 1641 on occasion of the demise of George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (No. 2306, estimate: 20,000 euros) or a wonderful, perfectly preserved gold medal at 50 ducats for the widowed Wilhelmine Amalia.\n\nCoins and medals from the German States\nThe afternoon of June 19 is devoted to coins and medals from the German States. Künker certainly has a lot of rarities to offer. One series of rare talers is especially beautiful. Among others, there are talers from Bremen from the year 1602 (No. 2762, estimate: 15,000 euros), Erfurt from the year 1633 with a view of the city (No. 2779, estimate: 10,000 euros), Freiburg no date on occasion of the Treaty of Rastatt in the year 1714 (No. 2789, estimate: 10,000 euros), Henneberg from 1696 from the yield of the Ilmenau mine (No. 2812, estimate: 15,000 euros), Öttingen from the year 1624 (No. 2954, estimate: 10,000 euros), Albrecht von Wallenstein from the year 1627 (No. 3187, estimate: 15,000 euros) and Württemberg from the year 1631 (No. 3210, estimate: 12,500 euros).\n\nYou will find a large selection of double and triple talers: A double reichstaler from Halberstadt 1663 (No. 2799, estimate: 10,000) with only two known specimens, a double Hesse wilhelmstaler from 1789 from Kassel (No. 2812, estimate: 12,500 euros), a whole series of unique and extremely rare double and triple talers by Philip II, Duke of Pomerania from the year 1613 and 1617 (No. 2977-279, estimates: 30,000 / 15,000 / 10,000 euros) and last but not least a double reichstaler 1663 from the County of Regenstein (No. 3022, estimate: 17,500 euros).\n\nThe most expensive piece from the German States is a double convention taler from Saxony 1780, which was meant as a token of diligence. Only 20 specimens were minted (No. 3062, estimate: 35,000 euros).\n\nNo. 2013: Brunswick-Lüneburg. Heinrich der Lange, 1195-1227. Bracteate. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 3,000 euros\n\nNo. 2076: Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Christian, Bishop of Halberstadt, 1617-1626. Gold gulden 1622, Lippstadt “Pfaffenfeindgoldgulden”. Very rare. Very fine +\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 2127: Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel. Rudolf August and Anton Ulrich, 1685-1704. Reichstaler 1702, Goslar. On the breakup of the fraternal unity. Very rare. Nearly FDC\nEstimate: 10,000 euros\n\nNo. 2306: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. George, 1636-1641. Double reichstaler 1641, Zellerfeld, on his death. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 20,000 euros\n\nNo. 2340: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. Ernst August, 1679-1698. Gold offstrike of the taler die, no date (1691), Zellerfeld. Extremely rare. Nearly FDC\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 2379: Brunswick-Calenberg-Hannover. Wilhelmine Amalie, daughter of Johann Friedrich, spouse of emperor Joseph I. Gold medal in the weight of 50 ducats, no date (1713), of A. di Gennaro. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 25,000 euros\n\nNo. 2762: Bremen. Reichstaler 1602. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 15,000 euros\n\nNo. 2977: Pomerania-Stettin. Philip II, 1606-1618. Triple reichstaler 1613, Stettin. Unique? Very fine\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 3062: Saxony. Friedrich August III (I), 1763-1806-1827. Double konventionstaler 1780, Dresden. Only 20 specimens struck. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 35,000 euros\n\nAuction 309: The Gunther Wiegrebe collection: Coins and medals from the counts and princes of Lippe / German coins from 1871\nGunther Wiegrebe came from Barntrup, a city with 9,000 inhabitants in the district of Lippe.\n\nThe district arose from the former principality and it still has a special administrative position to this day. The people of Lippe are said to have a great sense of tradition. Therefore it is not surprising that Gunther Wiegrebe decided to continue his father’s coin collection with coins from Lippe. The small collection turned into a big one. It will be auctioned at Künker’s on June 20, 2018.\n\nThe largest part of the collection consists of coins and medals from the count or the prince of Lippe. The temporal spectrum reaches from the medieval coins of Hermann II (1197-1229) to the end of World War I. Everyone is welcome to bid. Estimates begin as low as 50 euros.\n\nGreat rarities will certainly call for larger sums. One very rare, very fine 2/3 taler dated 1683 for instance is estimated at 5,000 euros, just like a very rare ducat from Detmold 1711 in extremely fine. It was minted by Friedrich Adolf (1697-1718), who also minted the two most expensive lots of the collection, an octagonal 1 1/4 reichtalerklippe from 1715 in extremely fine and a reichstaler from 1716 with a marvellous portrait also extremely fine. Both coins are estimated at 6,000 euros.\n\nGerman coins since 1871\nAn extensive part of the Wiegrebe collection is devoted to the German States and coins from the German Empire. With that we have already arrived at the second part of the catalogue, which features German coins minted after the Founding of the German Empire in 1871. Be it silver or gold, there are numerous rarities in splendid condition, like a Bavarian golden wedding from 1918 (estimate: 30,000 euros) and Frederick the Wise (50,000 euros).\n\nNo. 4160: Lippe. Simon Heinrich, 1666-1697. 24 mariengroschen (2/3 taler) 1683 (struck in 1683/84), Detmold. Very rare. Very fine\nEstimate: 5,000 euros\n\nNo. 4218: Lippe. Friedrich Adolf, 1697-1718. Octogonal klippe in the weight of 1 1/4 reichstaler 1715, Detmold. Very rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 6,000 euros\n\nNo. 4227: Lippe. Friedrich Adolf, 1697-1718. Reichstaler 1716, Detmold. Extremely rare. Extremely fine\nEstimate: 6,000 euros\n\nNo. 5064: German Empire. Bavaria. Ludwig III, 1913-1918. 3 mark 1918. On the golden wedding of the Bavarian royal couple. Very rare. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 30,000 euros\n\nNo. 5240: German Empire. Saxony. Friedrich August III, 1904-1918. 3 mark 1917. Friedrich der Weise. Rarest silver coin of the German Empire. Extremely fine to FDC\nEstimate: 50,000 euros\n\nAuction 310: Chinese coins / Gold world coins / Russian coins and medals\nThe last day of the auction starts with a series of modern Chinese coins. Experts will discover numerous rare coins which were only minted in small mintages, like the set of five 100 yuan coins from 1992 “Inventions and discoveries of the ancient world” with a mintage of 1,000 specimens (No. 6027, estimate: 15,000 euros) or another 100 yuan coin from 1995, of which only 1,000 were minted, that shows the Six Harmonies Pagoda in Hangzhou on the reverse (No. 6044, estimate: 7,500 euros).\n\nThe section gold world coins features s a lot of treasures. One outstanding coin is the almost extremely fine triple unite of the English king Charles I, minted in 1644 in Oxford (No. 6144, estimate: 50,000 euros).\n\nCollectors of the Casa Savoia can look forward to a wonderfully preserved gold medal at 15 ducats. It was minted on occasion of the wedding of Maria Theresa and Charles II, Duke of Parma and it shows the portrait of the bride’s parents and the wedding couple (No. 6161, estimate: 25,000 euros).\n\nIt is also worth taking a glance at the overseas section. One should mention the famous “Adelaide Pound” from 1852 for example, which was the first Australian gold coin (No. 6217, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nThe Habsburg Dynasty is represented by a number of rarities. Let us begin with a broad real d’or, minted in 1487 for Maximilian I in Dordrecht (No. 6268, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nAnother highlight is a double ducat from 1727 minted by order of Leopold I from the yield of the mine in Eule (Bohemia) (No. 6279, estimate: 25,000 euros). The most expensive coin of the series with an estimate of 50,000 euros is a quadruple ducat by Maria Theresa in almost extremely fine, which was minted in Karlsburg in 1779.\n\nThere are also great rarities among the Mediatized Houses, like the quintuple ducat by Franz von Dietrichstein, archbishop of Olmütz (No. 6400, estimate: 20,000 euros) and the quintuple ducat by Christoph Widmann, cardinal of Ortenburg, minted in St. Veit in 1656 (No. 6419, estimate: 20,000 euros).\n\nAnd thus we will move on to the gold rarities of the German States. You will immediately notice an extremely rare ducat of margrave William of Baden-Baden on the first page (No. 6425, estimate: 30,000 euros). Another extremely rare specimen is a gold gulden of William IV and Ludwig of Bavaria (1516-1545) in extremely fine to FDC (No. 6443, estimate: 15,000 euros).\n\nFrom A like Augsburg to W like Würzburg, one desirable coin or medal chases the next one.\n\nBe it Prussia with a gold medal at 5 ducats from 1741 to honour Frederick II by the Silesian estates (No. 6519, estimate: 15,000 euros), be it Hohenlohe with an extremely fine ducat of 1610 (No. 6607, estimate: 20,000 euros) be it Passau with a double ducat from 1701 (No. 6645, estimate: 20,000 euros) or Pomerania with a gold gulden for the Pomeranian Union of 1478 (No. 6652, estimate: 25,000 euros) – there are rarities from all German territories.\n\nLet us conclude our preview with a glance at the 143 lots from Russia. Of course there is a lot to see here, too. Just have a look at the title image, a quintuple ruble from Elizabeth from Moscow 1758 in extremely fine + (No. 7014, estimate: 12,500 euros) or a gold medal at 12 ducats from 1831, awarded for scientific research (No. 7065, estimate: 20,000 euros).",
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      "body": "✅  @winst0ntr, I gave you an upvote on your first post! **Please give me a follow** and I will give you a follow in return!<br><br>Please also take a moment to read [this post](https://steemit.com/spam/@pleasestop/introducing-pleasestop-here-to-reduce-comment-spam) regarding bad behavior on Steemit.",
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      "body": "Yesterday was an exciting day at the Rothwards household! After three weeks of demolition and construction, we installed our new hot tub.\n\nIt took six men an hour of maneuvering before we managed to set the spa into place…but we did it. And we didn’t break anything. Now it’s a matter of completing the decking and roofing, then Kim and I will be able to enjoy our remodeled outdoor oasis!1111.jpg\n\nInstalling our hot tub\n\nWe’re eager for construction to be over. Since buying our “English cottage” last summer, we’ve poured tons of money and time into a variety of renovations. It’s been a non-stop construction zone.\n\nYou see, during the seventeen years the previous owners lived here, they performed very little maintenance and upkeep on the home and property. When we had the place inspected before purchase, the inspector raised a lot of concerns:\n\nWarning from inspection report\n\nThe inspection report was so dire that Kim and I almost passed on the purchase.\n\nAfter we did decide to buy the place, I vowed that I’d be a proactive homeowner. Instead of allowing things to fall into a state of disrepair, I wanted to fix everything that was broken and then stay on top of home improvement in the years to come.\n\nToday I want to share four specific actions I’ve taken to try to be a proactive homeowner.\n\nDevelop a Schedule for Regular Maintenance\nA great place to start with home improvement is to find (or create) a regular maintenance schedule. While you’ll definitely have projects specific to your own house (about which more in a moment), there are certain chores that ought to be done on a routine basis.\n\nHere in Oregon, for instance, gutters should be cleaned both at the start and the end of the rainy season (late October and late April). Spring is a good time to wash windows, inside and out. It’s also time to clean and set up outdoor furniture. During the summer, I like to trim trees and shrubs back from the side of the house. Fall is a good time to inspect the attic and crawlspace.\n\nTo create our maintenance schedule, I started with this home maintenance checklist [Google Doc] based on an article from The Art of Manliness. I tweaked the document to fit our needs, adding and removing things specific to our home.\n\nI’ve also discovered that it’s useful to add certain recurring tasks to my digital calendar. (I’m never going to remember to change the furnace filter unless I make an appointment with myself to do so.)\n\nCreate a House-Specific To-Do List\nHouse To-Do ListWhile it’s helpful to have a general maintenance schedule to remind you of regular tasks, it’s even more important to keep an up-to-date to-do list that’s specific to your home.\n\nI keep our to-do list in Basecamp, a web-based project-management tool that I already use for other projects. (I’ve heard good things about Asana too, although I’ve never used it.) You might keep your to-do list in a spreadsheet or even a spiral notebook.\n\nFor each room in the house and area of the property, I keep a separate list of tasks that need to be completed. To start, I populated these lists in two ways:\n\nI went through the pre-purchase inspection report and added every problem the inspector had flagged. Some of the stuff he noted was minor. In these cases, I made sure to mark the task as “low priority”.\nKim and I made a slow tour of our home and yard in order to catalog other projects we wanted to complete. For example, every room in the house needs new paint. Every corner of the yard needs to be weeded and re-landscaped.\nWe refer to our to-do list constantly. Whenever we have a free weekend for home maintenance (as we did last weekend…and this coming weekend), we check the list to see which tasks are most pressing and/or most appealing.\n\nFinally — and this is important (if somewhat obvious) — whenever we find a new project that needs to be tackled, we add it to our list. By keeping our home projects to-do list up to date, needed maintenance should never be neglected.\n\nKeep a Home Journal\nBefore we even moved in to our current home, I started keeping a “home journal” to log everything we learned about the place. Honestly, it’s one of the smartest things I’ve ever done.\n\nI keep this home journal in a Microsoft Word document. (I’ve uploaded an edited version to Google Docs for you all to look at.) Every time we do major work on the house, I make an entry in the journal. Every time we discover something new about the property, I make a note in the journal.\n\nHere’s a typical entry from my home journal:\n\nOur Home Journal\n\nEach note includes a date and the type of work done, then a narrative description giving more detail. In some cases, I document costs. Most of the time, however, we keep receipts and invoices and other documentation in a dedicated Dropbox folder, which is where the home journal lives too.\n\nThis journal is mostly meant for me. From past experience, I know that I’ll forget what work we did when, which usually leads to a frustrating search for documentation. With my home journal, I have all of the needed info in one place.\n\nThis home journal has a secondary purpose. I want to use it as documentation if/when Kim and I decide to sell this place. I want to be able to show prospective buyers all of the upgrades we made to the house. (Note that this benefit is purely theoretical. When we sold our motorhome recently, we learned that many buyers view work like this as evidence there’s something wrong with what you’re selling.)\n\nBuild a List of Trusted Contractors\nOver the past fifteen years, I’ve learned that contractors come in all kinds of flavors. Some are cheap. Some are fast. Some do quality work. I’ve also learned that it’s impossible to find a contractor that possesses all three traits. Two of them? Sure. But not all three. (In other words, if a contractor is fast and high-quality, she’s going to be expensive.)\n\nWhen we started looking for homes last Spring, my friend Emma Pattee — who has experience buying and remodeling rental properties — suggested that I start a spreadsheet to list trusted contractors. “My husband and I have done this for a while now,” she told me, “and it really helps. When we find somebody we like to work with (or think we might want to work with in the future), we add them to the spreadsheet. I’ll send you our current list, if you’d like.”\n\nKim and I have referenced Emma’s spreadsheet to find plumbers and electricians. We’ve also started building our own list of contractors we trust. (For instance, we love the guy who did our carport. We hired him to do our back deck project too. He’s not cheap, but his quality is amazing!)\n\nEven with a list of trusted contractors, it’s important to follow standard advice when hiring folks to work on your place:\n\nGet price quotes from multiple sources. It’s smart to know what your options are even if you ultimately don’t go with the lowest bidder.\nSeek referrals. When you’re ready to hire somebody for a project, ask your friends (Facebook is good for this) and contractors you’ve liked in the past. I’ve found that good contractors know who the other good contractors are, and they’re happy to recommend them.\nAsk for references. If you haven’t worked with a contractor before, request contact info from past clients. These references will be cherry picked, of course, but they’ll still give you some idea of what the company is like.\nCheck reviews on Angie’s List (or similar sites). View these reviews through skeptical eyes, but check to see if there’s some sort of pattern. I’ve been able to rule out potential contractors, for instance, because of multiple reviews complaining about lack of communication.\nSearching for new contractors can be a little scary. You don’t want to make a mistake by choosing somebody who’s too expensive or whose work is shoddy. (Or, worse, both at once!) By maintaining a list of trusted vendors, you can reduce some of the trepidation. Plus, the list is something useful you can share with friends and family!\n\nThere’s No Place Like Home\nI also think it’s smart to set aside money for future repairs and improvements. One common financial rule of thumb is to contribute 1% of your home’s value to a dedicated “home maintenance” savings account each year. After Kim and I are done with this initial round of work, we’ll probably do so.\n\nThe deck and hot tub project should be our final large home-improvement expense for many, many years. During the past eleven months, we’ve repaired and/or replaced every major system in this house. Sure, there’s still some small stuff that needs done — we want to paint each room, for instance — but these jobs are minor. They’re things we can do ourselves for cheap.\n\nHonestly, I’m looking forward to some peace and quiet. It’s been exhausting to live and work in a construction zone!\n\nFirst, though, I’m going to have our house inspected again. After plowing so many resources into repairing and renovating this place, I want to have a neutral third party go back through to make sure we’ve addressed all of the important issues — and that these issues have been handled correctly.\n\nAs frustrating (and expensive) as the past year has been, we don’t regret buying this house. We love it here. We want to continue loving this place, which means we’re going to do our best to stay on top of maintenance and home improvements. We’re going to do our best to be proactive homeowners.![1111.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbTNuGr6JtLme1yQje27yNroM6WXADMgt5CXhx261WRE6/1111.jpg)![1111.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbTNuGr6JtLme1yQje27yNroM6WXADMgt5CXhx261WRE6/1111.jpg)![1111.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbTNuGr6JtLme1yQje27yNroM6WXADMgt5CXhx261WRE6/1111.jpg)",
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      "body": "Yesterday was an exciting day at the Rothwards household! After three weeks of demolition and construction, we installed our new hot tub.\n\nIt took six men an hour of maneuvering before we managed to set the spa into place…but we did it. And we didn’t break anything. Now it’s a matter of completing the decking and roofing, then Kim and I will be able to enjoy our remodeled outdoor oasis!![1111.jpg](https://cdn.steemitimages.com/DQmbTNuGr6JtLme1yQje27yNroM6WXADMgt5CXhx261WRE6/1111.jpg)\n\nInstalling our hot tub\n\nWe’re eager for construction to be over. Since buying our “English cottage” last summer, we’ve poured tons of money and time into a variety of renovations. It’s been a non-stop construction zone.\n\nYou see, during the seventeen years the previous owners lived here, they performed very little maintenance and upkeep on the home and property. When we had the place inspected before purchase, the inspector raised a lot of concerns:\n\nWarning from inspection report\n\nThe inspection report was so dire that Kim and I almost passed on the purchase.\n\nAfter we did decide to buy the place, I vowed that I’d be a proactive homeowner. Instead of allowing things to fall into a state of disrepair, I wanted to fix everything that was broken and then stay on top of home improvement in the years to come.\n\nToday I want to share four specific actions I’ve taken to try to be a proactive homeowner.\n\nDevelop a Schedule for Regular Maintenance\nA great place to start with home improvement is to find (or create) a regular maintenance schedule. While you’ll definitely have projects specific to your own house (about which more in a moment), there are certain chores that ought to be done on a routine basis.\n\nHere in Oregon, for instance, gutters should be cleaned both at the start and the end of the rainy season (late October and late April). Spring is a good time to wash windows, inside and out. It’s also time to clean and set up outdoor furniture. During the summer, I like to trim trees and shrubs back from the side of the house. Fall is a good time to inspect the attic and crawlspace.\n\nTo create our maintenance schedule, I started with this home maintenance checklist [Google Doc] based on an article from The Art of Manliness. I tweaked the document to fit our needs, adding and removing things specific to our home.\n\nI’ve also discovered that it’s useful to add certain recurring tasks to my digital calendar. (I’m never going to remember to change the furnace filter unless I make an appointment with myself to do so.)\n\nCreate a House-Specific To-Do List\nHouse To-Do ListWhile it’s helpful to have a general maintenance schedule to remind you of regular tasks, it’s even more important to keep an up-to-date to-do list that’s specific to your home.\n\nI keep our to-do list in Basecamp, a web-based project-management tool that I already use for other projects. (I’ve heard good things about Asana too, although I’ve never used it.) You might keep your to-do list in a spreadsheet or even a spiral notebook.\n\nFor each room in the house and area of the property, I keep a separate list of tasks that need to be completed. To start, I populated these lists in two ways:\n\nI went through the pre-purchase inspection report and added every problem the inspector had flagged. Some of the stuff he noted was minor. In these cases, I made sure to mark the task as “low priority”.\nKim and I made a slow tour of our home and yard in order to catalog other projects we wanted to complete. For example, every room in the house needs new paint. Every corner of the yard needs to be weeded and re-landscaped.\nWe refer to our to-do list constantly. Whenever we have a free weekend for home maintenance (as we did last weekend…and this coming weekend), we check the list to see which tasks are most pressing and/or most appealing.\n\nFinally — and this is important (if somewhat obvious) — whenever we find a new project that needs to be tackled, we add it to our list. By keeping our home projects to-do list up to date, needed maintenance should never be neglected.\n\nKeep a Home Journal\nBefore we even moved in to our current home, I started keeping a “home journal” to log everything we learned about the place. Honestly, it’s one of the smartest things I’ve ever done.\n\nI keep this home journal in a Microsoft Word document. (I’ve uploaded an edited version to Google Docs for you all to look at.) Every time we do major work on the house, I make an entry in the journal. Every time we discover something new about the property, I make a note in the journal.\n\nHere’s a typical entry from my home journal:\n\nOur Home Journal\n\nEach note includes a date and the type of work done, then a narrative description giving more detail. In some cases, I document costs. Most of the time, however, we keep receipts and invoices and other documentation in a dedicated Dropbox folder, which is where the home journal lives too.\n\nThis journal is mostly meant for me. From past experience, I know that I’ll forget what work we did when, which usually leads to a frustrating search for documentation. With my home journal, I have all of the needed info in one place.\n\nThis home journal has a secondary purpose. I want to use it as documentation if/when Kim and I decide to sell this place. I want to be able to show prospective buyers all of the upgrades we made to the house. (Note that this benefit is purely theoretical. When we sold our motorhome recently, we learned that many buyers view work like this as evidence there’s something wrong with what you’re selling.)\n\n\n\nBuild a List of Trusted Contractors\nOver the past fifteen years, I’ve learned that contractors come in all kinds of flavors. Some are cheap. Some are fast. Some do quality work. I’ve also learned that it’s impossible to find a contractor that possesses all three traits. Two of them? Sure. But not all three. (In other words, if a contractor is fast and high-quality, she’s going to be expensive.)\n\nWhen we started looking for homes last Spring, my friend Emma Pattee — who has experience buying and remodeling rental properties — suggested that I start a spreadsheet to list trusted contractors. “My husband and I have done this for a while now,” she told me, “and it really helps. When we find somebody we like to work with (or think we might want to work with in the future), we add them to the spreadsheet. I’ll send you our current list, if you’d like.”\n\nKim and I have referenced Emma’s spreadsheet to find plumbers and electricians. We’ve also started building our own list of contractors we trust. (For instance, we love the guy who did our carport. We hired him to do our back deck project too. He’s not cheap, but his quality is amazing!)\n\nEven with a list of trusted contractors, it’s important to follow standard advice when hiring folks to work on your place:\n\nGet price quotes from multiple sources. It’s smart to know what your options are even if you ultimately don’t go with the lowest bidder.\nSeek referrals. When you’re ready to hire somebody for a project, ask your friends (Facebook is good for this) and contractors you’ve liked in the past. I’ve found that good contractors know who the other good contractors are, and they’re happy to recommend them.\nAsk for references. If you haven’t worked with a contractor before, request contact info from past clients. These references will be cherry picked, of course, but they’ll still give you some idea of what the company is like.\nCheck reviews on Angie’s List (or similar sites). View these reviews through skeptical eyes, but check to see if there’s some sort of pattern. I’ve been able to rule out potential contractors, for instance, because of multiple reviews complaining about lack of communication.\nSearching for new contractors can be a little scary. You don’t want to make a mistake by choosing somebody who’s too expensive or whose work is shoddy. (Or, worse, both at once!) By maintaining a list of trusted vendors, you can reduce some of the trepidation. Plus, the list is something useful you can share with friends and family!\n\nThere’s No Place Like Home\nI also think it’s smart to set aside money for future repairs and improvements. One common financial rule of thumb is to contribute 1% of your home’s value to a dedicated “home maintenance” savings account each year. After Kim and I are done with this initial round of work, we’ll probably do so.\n\nThe deck and hot tub project should be our final large home-improvement expense for many, many years. During the past eleven months, we’ve repaired and/or replaced every major system in this house. Sure, there’s still some small stuff that needs done — we want to paint each room, for instance — but these jobs are minor. They’re things we can do ourselves for cheap.\n\nHonestly, I’m looking forward to some peace and quiet. It’s been exhausting to live and work in a construction zone!\n\nFirst, though, I’m going to have our house inspected again. After plowing so many resources into repairing and renovating this place, I want to have a neutral third party go back through to make sure we’ve addressed all of the important issues — and that these issues have been handled correctly.\n\nAs frustrating (and expensive) as the past year has been, we don’t regret buying this house. We love it here. We want to continue loving this place, which means we’re going to do our best to stay on top of maintenance and home improvements. We’re going to do our best to be proactive homeowners.",
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